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  • Japan Dominates: The 2018 MLB All-Star Tour of Japan

    Japan Dominates: The 2018 MLB All-Star Tour of Japan

    by Susan Miyagi McCormac

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week  Susan Miyagi McCormac focus on the last MLB All-Star tour of Japan.

    Since baseball’s introduction to Japan in 1872, the Japanese game has evolved from being primarily an amateur sport with large fan bases for high-school and collegiate competitions to its teams being ranked tops in the world. Throughout the last 150 years, there have been varying opinions – from baseball authorities to casual fans – about Japanese players’ abilities to perform well in America’s pastime.

    Cy Young, the major leagues’ all-time wins leader with 511, had disparaging remarks about Japanese players’ ability to pitch and hit, saying that they “will never become great players.”

    “Take the Japanese athlete. He can’t hit worth a hurrah,” Young said in 1910, one year before he pitched his last big-league game at the age of 44. “Every good pitcher has it on him. … A Jap can’t pitch. There is one reason for this, of course. That reason is that they can’t grip the ball. The hands of the Japs are very small. So small, in fact, that for one of them to grip the ball as the pitchers in this country grip it is impossible.”

    Newspapermen the following year echoed Young’s sentiment when the independent professional team known as the Japanese Base Ball Association barnstormed in the Midwest. In his 2020 book Issei Baseball: The Story of the First Japanese American Ballplayers, Robert Fitts documents the struggles and triumphs of Japanese immigrants who were dedicated to playing America’s pastime despite encountering financial hardships and intense discrimination throughout their travels across the United States. Although the press and spectators alike sometimes warmly received the Japanese teams, the criticism could be biting and downright racist. Fitts quotes a writer for the Hutchinson (Kansas) Daily Gazette as saying, “If the delegation of Japanese representing the baseball team in Hutchinson yesterday are considered high class Japanese baseball players, the Americans need to have no fear that the Orientals will rob us of the glory and excitement of our national pastime. … Owing to their small stature they are unable to cover as much ground as the Yankee, can’t throw nor can they think fast enough.”  Three days later, a reporter from the Leavenworth (Kansas) Times wrote, “The game yesterday showed that baseball is a game which belongs to Americans.”

    Japanese professional baseball has made many strides since those early days of taking trains through the heartland of the United States, playing “America’s game” against any opponent who would face them. Masanori “Mashi” Murakami eventually pitched for the San Francisco Giants in 1964, becoming the first Japanese-born player in major-league history. There was a 30-year gap between Murakami and the next Japanese player, Hideo Nomo, but since then several of their countrymen have transitioned from NPB (Nippon Professional Baseball) to the major leagues to throw no-hitters (Nomo twice, in 1996 and 2001, and Hisashi Iwakuma in 2015), earn AL MVPs (Ichiro Suzuki and Shohei Ohtani), and win World Series (most notably Tadahito Iguchi, the first Japanese-born position player to do so; Hideki Matsui, who also earned World Series MVP honors as a New York Yankee in 2009; and pitchers Daisuke Matsuzaka, Hideki Okajima, and Koji Uehara, who won championships with the Boston Red Sox).

    But for every Nomo and Ichiro and Matsui, there were the Kei Igawas, the Kazuo Fukumoris, and the Kenshin Kawakamis whose major-league careers were less than stellar. Many compared NPB to American baseball’s minor-league system, saying that NPB pitchers would have more of a chance to strike out Triple-A batters than the bigger, stronger major leaguers.

    The wider baseball world started to realize the amount of considerable talent in the Far East when Japan won the first two installments of the World Baseball Classic, in 2006 and 2009. After collecting the Bronze Medal in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Samurai Japan captured Gold when Tokyo hosted the 2020 Summer Olympics, which was delayed until 2021 by the global COVID-19 pandemic. As of 2022, Japan was ranked the number-one baseball country in the world, according to the World Baseball Softball Confederation, the governing body for the sports of baseball, softball, and baseball5.

    Major leaguers have played exhibition games in Japan since 1908, and the major-league-Japan All-Star Series began in 1986. Historically, the major leaguers had no trouble winning almost all of those contests handily.  The series took an eight-year break after 2006, since “the advent of the World Baseball Classic made the series in Japan somewhat redundant.”

    The friendly competition resumed in 2014, but with a slight change on the Japan side. Wanting to expose players to the best competition, NPB Commissioner Katsuhiko Kumazaki decided that rather than a team made up of NPB all-stars, Samurai Japan, the national team that represents the country in international contests like the Asian Baseball Championship, the World Baseball Classic, and the Olympics, would play the major leaguers. While there is overlap between a typical NPB all-star team and Samurai Japan, the members of the national team were carefully and thoughtfully chosen because their skills, experience, and – most important – their leadership deemed them “irreplaceable.”

    “We have been going after players, starting with camp scouting in February and watching games this season. In previous games with the US, players wore their respective pro team uniforms, but this time, they will be wearing the Japan uniform when competing with the MLB,” Samurai Japan manager Hiroki Kokubo explained during a press conference in July 2014. “We may have performed well in previous friendly games, but this game will be more of a true exhibition game. Focusing only on winning, playing a serious game.”

    The strategy worked against the MLB All-Stars; Samurai Japan won the 2014 series, 3 games to 2. This determination to build the perfect team that embodied Kokubo’s “Focus Only on Winning” mantra reverberated throughout NPB. Commissioner Kumazaki, who is considered to have played a major role in bringing baseball back to Olympic competition, wanted to continue to strengthen Samurai Japan after the team’s successful campaign in 2014. “We aspire to have our best team,” he said in August 2016, after baseball and softball were reinstated for the 2020 Games in Tokyo. “Our first priority is assembling a team that can win.”

    To Kumazaki, meaningful international competition was the ideal way to prepare Samurai Japan for the Olympics. His successor as commissioner, Atsushi Saito, shared his desire to turn Samurai Japan into Gold Medal winners. When MLB announced that an all-star team would return to Japan in 2018, Saito expressed gratitude for continuing the bilateral relationship between the two countries but made clear his primary objective in playing the major leaguers. “It has been four years since Samurai Japan and MLB last met. With our goal of winning a Gold Medal in the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, this gives our players experience in high-level games against MLB players,” Saito said.

    With the 2018 MLB All-Star tour in Japan, Saito got the meaningful international competition he and Kumazaki wanted. Samurai Japan bested New York Yankees legend and Miami Marlins manager Don Mattingly’s MLB All-Star team, led by veteran Yadier Molina and featuring a host of young stars including Ronald Acuña Jr. and Juan Soto, in a six-game series held in Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagoya in November of that year.

    Managing the Japanese national team was Atsunori Inaba, who had a 20-year playing career in NPB – a decade each with the Yakult Swallows and the Nippon-Ham Fighters – and was the MVP of the 2006 Japan Series and a member of the 2008 Olympic team that lost the Bronze Medal to the United States. He was also part of the 2009 WBC championship team as well as the 2013 team, which finished third. Retiring as a player in 2014, Inaba was on the coaching staff of Hiroki Kokubo’s 2017 Samurai Japan team that had another third-place finish in the WBC. He took over as manager of Samurai Japan in the summer of that year.

    For the 2018 series against the MLB All-Stars, Inaba was fortunate to have a deep roster packed with players who perhaps were not household names to American fans but had accomplished careers in NPB. Among them were Rakuten Golden Eagles pitcher Takayuki Kishi, a four-time all-star who led the Pacific League with a 2.72 ERA in 2018; Shogo Akiyama, NPB’s all-time single-season hits leader (216 in 2015), who also earned multiple Golden Gloves while patrolling the outfield for the Seibu Lions; and Yuki Yanagita, who had just won another Japan Series championship with the SoftBank Hawks and earned Outstanding Player accolades less than a week before the series with MLB began.

    Similarly, the MLB team was ready to compete with a lineup composed of highly respected talent. Along with the aforementioned Molina, Acuña Jr., and Soto, Mattingly had Reds standout Eugenio Suárez, AL stolen-base leader Whit Merrifield of the Royals, and 2017 World Series champion Collin McHugh of Houston to fortify his roster. There was even a Japanese native on the team.

    Right-hander Kenta Maeda, who had a sparkling career for the Hiroshima Carp, compiling a 97-67 record with a 2.39 ERA and earning two Sawamura Awards (2010 and 2015), represented the MLB team as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers. He became the 11th overall Japanese-born player to participate in the all-star tours as a member of the MLB team and the third since Samurai Japan was designated the opponent, following pitchers Hisashi Iwakuma and Tsuyoshi Wada, who both competed in 2014.

    Another Japanese-born defector to team MLB was Hideki Matsui. Beloved in Japan as one of the most popular players to don a Yomiuri Giants uniform, Matsui served as the MLB team’s first-base coach, wearing his familiar number-55 jersey, but with the interlocking NY logo. “It’s such a great thing that I’m back in Japan with this Yankees uniform on,” Matsui said in an article by Alyson Footer on MLB.com. “Even though I’ve never been a first-base coach before, which makes me overanxious, I’ll try not to hurt the team. I’ll try to contribute.”

    One of Matsui’s fellow MLB All-Stars coaches was Hensley Meulens, a Curaçao native who played for the Chiba Lotte Marines in 1994 and the Yakult Swallows in 1995 and 1996, winning the Japan Series in 1995. Another NPB connection on the MLB side was Chris Martin. The Texas Rangers pitcher spent two seasons as a reliever with the Nippon-Ham Fighters and a teammate of Shohei Ohtani. As a member of the 2016 Japan Series championship team, Martin had a 1.07 ERA and 21 saves and was named a Pacific League All-Star. The following season, he made 40 appearances and had a 1.19 ERA. “It would’ve been really, really cool to get to go back to Sapporo and play in Sapporo Dome,” Martin said of the 2018 tour. “I loved the fans there. Being here, though, is amazing, it’s a really cool experience.”

    Before the MLB All-Stars and Samurai Japan faced each other, they each played one friendly as a warm-up. First, on November 7, Samurai Japan lost to the Chinese Taipei National Team (referred to as Taiwan in Japanese newspapers), 6-5, in the Fukuoka Yafuoku! Dome. Chinese Taipei’s starter, Chiang Chen-Yen, and four relievers held Samurai Japan scoreless through eight innings. Then Samurai Japan mounted a furious comeback, scoring all five of its runs in the bottom of the ninth.

    Infielder Kosuke Tanaka led off the inning with a double and scored on Tetsuto Yamada’s RBI single. A single by designated hitter Yuki Yanagita and a walk to Kazuma Okamoto loaded the bases with one out. After pinch-hitter Takuya Kai struck out, Seiji Uebayashi reached on an error that scored a run. A third run crossed the plate on Kazuki Tanaka’s bases-loaded walk. Shuta Tonosaki had a two-run single to make the score 6-5, but the rally fell short as Kosuke Tanaka, who got the ball rolling with his leadoff double, struck out to end the game with two runners on base.

    Inaba thought the fact that his team scored five runs at the end of the game was a good sign moving forward, even though its efforts did not result in a victory. The momentum should carry over into the next game, he said. And it did.

    But he would have to wait because the MLB team’s exhibition was the next night. The major leaguers fared better in their friendly, handing the hometown Yomiuri Giants a 9-6 loss in Tokyo Dome. Tatsunori Hara, the former Giants great who led the Japanese national team to the 2009 World Baseball Classic title, was back for his third stint as Yomiuri’s manager. He was rehired one month before the friendly with the MLB All-Stars. As a player, he spent his entire 15-year career with the Giants, winning the Central League Rookie of the Year award in 1981, the Central League MVP Award two years later, and three Japan Series championships. He also led the Giants to three Japan Series championships as their manager: 2002, 2009, and 2012.

    After the victory Mattingly said his team used the exhibition game to shake off a month’s worth of rust. The Giants seemed to be a bit rusty themselves, especially on defense. They helped the All-Stars score with shortstop Hayato Sakamoto’s throwing error, which plated two runs in the top of the first inning.

    Marlins slugger J.T. Realmuto powered the MLB All-Stars with an RBI double in the third and a solo home run in the fifth. Amed Rosario delivered a two-run single and Yadier Molina, who was the DH with Realmuto catching, added an RBI double to round out the major leaguers’ five-run third inning. Juan Soto, the Washington Nationals slugger who placed second in the 2018 National League Rookie of the Year voting to his All-Stars teammate Ronald Acuña Jr., drove in a run with an infield double off Tokyo Dome’s puffy white ceiling.

    While Soto’s hit evoked images of fly balls clanking in the catwalk at Tropicana Field, the highlight of the game did not come from the MLB All-Stars. Instead, it came from an NPB player who hadn’t even had an NPB plate appearance. Seiya Matsubara was an ikusei, or nonroster developmental player, with Yomiuri until July 31, 2018. (In NPB, ikusei participate in minor-league games and wear jerseys with triple digits on their backs.) The Giants included him on their roster for the MLB friendly, five months before his first NPB season officially started. The 25-year-old came into the game in the fourth inning as a pinch-hitter and drove the first pitch he saw into the outfield, splitting Acuña Jr. and Soto. When all was said and done, Matsubara had a three-run, inside-the-park home run.

    “It was my first ichi-gun (top team) at-bat, so of course I was nervous,” Matsubara, who also added a single in the sixth, said. “Since I joined the team last year, I was determined to make sure I would enjoy my first at-bat. That’s the way I approached it. I’m happy that [it] led to a good result.”

    The outcomes of MLB’s and Samurai Japan’s respective exhibition games did not indicate how the tour itself would go, as Samurai Japan won the six-game series 5 games to 1. By no means was this a beatdown; the games were competitive, some even requiring dramatic comebacks. And it started in Game 1.

    With Samurai Japan trailing 6-4 with one out in the bottom of the ninth, Seiji Uebayashi singled, stole second base, and scored on a two-out single by Tsubasa Aizawa. Then SoftBank’s star center fielder, Yuki Yanagita, hammered a two-run, sayonara home run off MLB closer Kirby Yates to win the game 7-6 and give Samurai Japan a 1-0 lead in the series. “That’s what I’d like to emphasize to all my hitters,” Inaba said of the team’s perseverance in the final frame. “That we should be able to maintain a good situation from one hitter to another so that we will be able to score runs.”

    A solo home run by Amed Rosario in the third, a three-run shot by Carlos Santana in the fifth, and Juan Soto’s two-run blast in the sixth accounted for the All-Stars’ six runs. Shogo Akiyama, who had a bases-clearing double in the bottom of the fifth to tie the score at 4-4, said, “We never felt like we were out of it and knew if we stayed close, we’d have a chance to win.”

    Of his walk-off, Yanagita, who had a walk-off in Game Five of the Japan Series a week earlier, said, “It was a perfect shot.” He later added, “Hopefully I’ll be able to hit more.”

    Yanagita didn’t have to wait long: He was also the hero of Game 2, although late-inning theatrics were not required for this one. He and his teammates scored the first nine runs en route to a 12-6 drubbing of the MLB team at Tokyo Dome. With Samurai Japan the visiting team, Yanagita started the scoring with an RBI single in the top of the first off starter Erasmo Ramirez. In the bottom of the inning, the MLB All-Stars had runners on the corners but failed to score.

    Yanagita hit a two-run home run in the third, also off Ramirez, and added another RBI single off Brian Johnson in Samurai Japan’s four-run fifth. Akiyama added three hits, including a triple, and three RBI. Starting for Samurai Japan, Naoyuki Uwasawa allowed one run – a solo shot by Juan Soto – on four hits with no walks and seven strikeouts over five innings.

    For the MLB All-Stars, J.T. Realmuto continued his hot hitting with a double and a three-run home run, while Kiké Hernández and Kevin Pillar each drove in a run. But it was not enough.

    “The entire lineup was able to string together hits,” Inaba said. “I think we are on the right track now, and I would like to see us continue to do the same in the game tomorrow.”

    They didn’t. The MLB All-Stars were finally able to hold off Samurai Japan to come away with a 7-3 Game 3 victory. Both teams were scoreless until the fourth inning. MLB struck first with a solo shot by Realmuto, who flipped DH/catcher duties with Yadier Molina. Molina caught the game and had a monster night at the plate, going 3-for-5 with a three-run homer. Rounding the bases, the veteran All-Star soaked in the atmosphere of Tokyo Dome. “It was a good feeling to experience that here in front of the Japanese fans,” Molina said. “There is a great crowd here tonight.”

    The crowd of 45,147, as well as the 40,000-plus at each of the first two games, impressed the MLB All-Stars, who were not accustomed to the heightened energy and specific chants for each Japanese player. Whit Merrifield of the Kansas City Royals said, “I was just enjoying it. Because it’s different than it is in the States. So, I was trying to learn the chants for the different guys.” Despite the roar of the crowd, Molina executed a defensive gem in the bottom of the fourth. Samurai Japan had runners on first and second with two outs, but Molina picked off Seiji Uebayashi at first base to end the inning. “We saw a big shift in the momentum in the game tonight in the fourth inning,” Inaba said. “Molina made a really good pickoff move to first base. We should’ve been much more careful.”

    There were no home runs for Yuki Yanagita on this night, just RBI doubles by Shuta Tonosaki, Hotaka Yamakawa, and Ryosuke Kikuchi to account for Samurai Japan’s three runs. Starter Scott Barlow earned the win for the MLB All-Stars after going 4⅓ innings with one run on five hits. Shinsaburo Tawata also went 4⅓ innings, giving up five runs – four earned – on seven hits for the loss.

    The Series traveled to Hiroshima for the fourth game and a matchup of two Carp, one current and one former. The current Carp was Daichi Ohsera, who pitched five innings of two-hit, one-run ball. The only blemish on his ledger was a solo home run by Rhys Hoskins in the second inning. The former Carp was Kenta Maeda, who was a five-time NPB All-Star during his eight years in Hiroshima. The current Dodgers pitcher threw two scoreless innings to start the game against his countrymen, some of whom were his former Carp teammates.

    Once again, Samurai Japan found itself in comeback mode in the ninth inning, but this time, according to the Kyodo News, was “the purest expression of Japan’s game.” The Japanese were the visitors and down two runs. Kazuki Tanaka led off the top of the ninth with a walk issued by Kirby Yates, stole second, and scored on a single by Seiji Uebayashi, who eventually scored after a sacrifice by catcher Tsubasa Aizawa and a base hit by Kosuke Tanaka, tying the game, 3-3. Kosuke Tanaka also stole second base and went to third on a throwing error by J.T. Realmuto. An intentional walk to Shogo Akiyama, who had hit an inside-the-park home run in the eighth, brought Ryosuke Kikuchi to the plate to face John Brebbia, on in relief of Yates. A safety squeeze by Kikuchi brought home Kosuke Tanaka, the go-ahead run. A passed ball moved Kikuchi to second and Akiyama to third, and Yuki Yanagita drove Akiyama home with a groundout. Now with a 5-3 lead, Yasuaki Yamasaki gave up one hit but otherwise shut down the MLB All-Stars for the save.

    With a 3-1 lead in the Series, Samurai Japan would move on to host the MLB All-Stars at the Nagoya Dome for Game 5. Another game, another come-from-behind victory for Samurai Japan, and this one clinched the series, 4 victories to 1. Rhys Hoskins, who had hit a home run the previous night in Hiroshima, started the scoring with a two-run blast off starter Nao Higashihama in the top of the second. Ronald Acuña Jr. doubled and scored on Juan Soto’s single in the third, and Yadier Molina made it 4-1 in the next inning when he doubled home Amed Rosario. The speedy Rosario made it 5-1 in the sixth. He singled and stole second, and Carlos Santana drove him home with a two-out RBI single.

    MLB’s pitching was stellar through six innings. Junior Guerra of the Brewers gave up one run on one hit – a solo home run by Kazuma Okamoto – and struck out seven through five innings before handing the ball over to Hector Velazquez, who pitched a perfect sixth.

    Samurai Japan staged its comeback in the seventh, taking advantage of a costly error by Velazquez. Okamoto scored on an RBI single by Takuya Kai, making the score 5-2. In an attempt to start what should have been an easy double play, Velazquez threw a comebacker from Kazuki Tanaka into center field, scoring Seiji Uebayashi. With Kai on second and Tanaka on first, pinch-hitter Hotaka Yamakawa tied the game, 5-5, with a two-run double. The next inning, Kai again came through with an RBI double that Acuña Jr. bobbled, allowing Uebayashi to race home from first.

    Another botched double-play chance ended the game in a strange way. Mitch Haniger grounded the ball to shortstop Sosuke Genda, who tossed it to second baseman Tetsuto Yamada to retire Kevin Pillar. Yamada’s throw to first was wide and wild. Catcher Takuya Kai backed up the throw in foul territory and fired it back to Yamada, who tagged out Haniger to end the game. Samurai Japan won another wild one, 6-5, and the series. Even with the series in hand, Samurai Japan needed to face the MLB All-Stars the next night for the sixth and final game.

    Twenty-three-year-old Chunichi Dragons pitcher Shotaro Kasahara started Game 6 in his home ballpark, the Nagoya Dome. He retired the first six batters he faced and threw 4⅔ innings of four-hit, no-run baseball to earn the 4-1 victory. Samurai Japan scored all the runs it needed in the top of the second.

    MLB starter Brian Johnson walked Hotaka Yamakawa to lead off the inning and then loaded the bases by allowing singles to catcher Tomoya Mori and left fielder Shuta Tonosaki. A triple by shortstop Sosuke Genda cleared the bases and brought Johnson’s night to an early end. His replacement, Erasmo Ramirez, gave up a sacrifice fly to second baseman Ryosuke Kikuchi that scored Genda.

    Acuña Jr. scored the MLB All-Stars’ lone run, an eighth-inning home run off Kasahara’s Dragons teammate Yu Satoh. Satoh was in a bases-loaded, one-out jam but struck out Robinson Chirinos and Chris Taylor to end the inning and prevent further damage. Yasuaki Yamasaki pitched a one-two-three ninth inning for the save.

    Since 1986 there have been 12 All-Star series, and t he five wins in 2018 are the most for a Japanese team. It was the second consecutive time that the Japanese national team, rather than a team of NPB all-stars, faced the MLB All-Stars, and Samurai Japan won both meetings. Prior to that, the MLB All-Stars had a 9-1 series lead. Perhaps more significant, Saito’s and Kumazaki’s dreams of Olympic Gold came true three years later in Tokyo, as Samurai Japan fittingly defeated the US team, 2-0. Several stars from the 2018 series contributed to Samurai Japan’s success in 2021, including Tetsuto Yamada and Yuki Yanagita.

    While the series are competitive and help both sides prepare for other international contests like the World Baseball Classic or the Olympics, a key component of the tours is the cultural exchange and fostering of goodwill and understanding between the two countries. When the 2018 series moved to Hiroshima, Don Mattingly, Kenta Maeda, and Mitch Haniger visited Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. Mattingly laid a wreath at the Cenotaph for the Victims of the Atomic Bomb in memory of the lives lost to the atomic bombing of the city during World War II.

    “Personally, it’s humbling to stand in front of the memorial and also an honor to be here as part of MLB to represent our game and bring our two countries and two leagues together to be able play in this great city,” Mattingly said.

    On a lighter note, the MLB delegation was happy to interact with fans, signing autographs and giving away bats, shoes, hats, and T-shirts. Some players, such as Rhys Hoskins and Whit Merrifield, took it a step further and immersed themselves in the culture, documenting their off-field experiences on social media as they visited tourist attractions, sampled food, and dressed in kimonos. Hoskins tweeted, “Confirmed: the Tokyo Fish Market has the best tuna you will ever have.”

    Lighthearted moments and serious competition have become hallmarks of the MLB-Japan series. It’s become increasingly clear that baseball isn’t simply America’s game; it’s the international pastime.

    Read the full article on the SABR website

    Japan Dominates: The 2018 MLB All-Star Tour of Japan
  • Eiji Sawamura:

    Eiji Sawamura:

    Japan’s Number One

    by Gary Cieradkowski

    Before dawn on December 2nd, 1944, the USS Sea Devil, a U.S. Navy Balao-class submarine, quietly stalked a Japanese convoy near Kyushu, the southern-most part of the Japanese islands. Radar showed at least 11 escorted targets, and the Sea Devil surfaced in the pre-dawn darkness to track the convoy by sight. 

    A sudden wave nearly swamped the surfaced sub — a sailor was washed off the bridge and onto the deck below, and water poured into the open hatch, flooding the crew’s mess, radio room, and both of its dual engine rooms. Fortunately, the damage was repairable, and in one of the engine rooms, Motor Machinist Mate 3rd Class Ray Ebbets worked hard alongside the rest of the black gang to get their station back online. 

    To those of the crew who were baseball fans, the Motor Machinist Mate’s last name must have rung a bell, for Ray Ebbets’ grandfather was Charlie Ebbets, the owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers and the man for whom Ebbets Field was named.

    But all that didn’t matter at that moment. The Sea Devil was on a trajectory to intercept a Japanese convoy, and as the rest of the crew hastened to repair their stations, the men in the extreme fore and aft of the sub armed and loaded their torpedo tubes. The captain of the USS Sea Devil, Commander Ralph Styles, ordered the watch below decks, the hatches shut, and all preparations to submerge. Lingering just below the surface, the skipper watched the convoy through the periscope, maneuvering his sub closer and closer to the convoy, trying to gain the best angle of attack.

    Satisfied with his position, Captain Styles launched four torpedoes at a freighter and, after missing, quickly ordered two more fired at another one. This time, the torpedoes hit, and within minutes, the freighter began slipping beneath the sea. Captain Styles swung his vulnerable sub out of the path of a destroyer escort and fired four more torpedoes at a troop ship. The Sea Devil was now almost directly in the path of the convoy. 

    The skipper sounded the dive alarm, and the sub headed for the safety of the deep sea. On the way down, everyone on board, from Captain Styles to Motor Machinist Mate Ebbets, could hear the massive explosion as the Sea Devil’s torpedoes ripped into the hull of the troop ship and ignited the stores of ammunition carried in her second hold. Although they couldn’t see it, the Hawaii Maru disintegrated in the massive explosion, killing every last man aboard her.

    Among the 1,843 soldiers of the Japanese 23rd Division who perished that morning on the Hawaii Maru was Lieutenant Eiji Sawamura. Besides being recently promoted from the ranks before shipping out on what was supposed to be his third combat deployment, Eiji Sawamura also happened to be Japan’s greatest baseball pitcher and its first sports superstar. To Ray Ebbets and even the most dedicated baseball fans amongst the crew of the Sea Devil, the name Sawamura probably wouldn’t have rung a bell. But, if you added that he was the Japanese schoolboy who struck out Babe Ruth, Jimmie Foxx, Lou Gehrig, and Charlie Gehringer, you then might have gotten more than a few to exclaim: “Oh yeah!”

    JUST OVER 10 YEARS earlier, in what must have seemed like another world, Eiji Sawamura was a 17-year-old high school student with a blazing fastball and tantalizing curve who was hand-picked to represent his country against an American all-star team led by Babe Ruth. 

    Born in Mie Prefecture on February 1, 1917, Eiji Sawamura was raised to be a ballplayer. His father Kenji had played years earlier when the game was first introduced to the island by American schoolteachers and visiting sailors, and he passed his love of the game down to his firstborn son. After years of practice with his father, Sawamura developed sharp control, lightning speed (for his age), and a baffling curve. 

    Sawamura became his elementary school’s baseball team’s starting pitcher in the 4th grade. The following year, he pitched the school to victory in the Mie Prefecture tournament. In the national tournament, Sawamura’s team was defeated in the third round, but his fifteen strikeouts per game average raised eyebrows. 

    In 1933, Sawamura entered Kyoto Commercial High School. Because the school had only just started a baseball program, none of its players could match Sawamura’s experience and skill. When Sawamura single-handedly pitched the school into the quarterfinals of the national tournament, Kyoto Commercial became known as a “one-man team.”

    In the 1934 spring season, Kyoto Commercial was eliminated in the second round of the national tournament but advanced to the quarterfinals in the summer tournament. In one round, Sawamura struck out 23 of the 27 batters he faced. His fastball was so overpowering that one team prepared to face him by having their pitcher throw batting practice one meter closer to the plate to replicate Sawamura’s velocity. He would strike out 97 batters over 48 innings before Kyoto Commercial was eliminated in the quarterfinals.

    In a regular-season game that fall, Sawamura made headlines when he whiffed 36 in a 16-inning game. By now, Eiji Sawamura was by far the best high school pitcher on the island. All of Japan’s “Big 6” universities were vying with one another to recruit Sawamura after graduation. Unfortunately, according to the article “Strikes, Sacrifice, and Glory: The Life of Eiji Sawamura” by James Hoadley, “Sawamura left Kyoto Commercial after a disciplinary incident involving a teammate, which prevented him from further participating in student baseball.” 

    FOR A WHILE, it looked like Eiji Sawamura’s baseball career was stopped just as it was starting. At the time, there wasn’t a professional baseball league in Japan, and college competition was the highest level a ballplayer could aspire to. If Sawamura wanted to continue playing baseball, it would be strictly on a recreational level.

    However, Matsutaro Shoriki, president of the Yomiuri Shimbun, Japan’s leading newspaper, was setting a plan in motion to create his country’s first professional baseball league. The first step was to generate nationwide interest in the game. To accomplish this, Shoriki arranged for Philadelphia Athletics owner and manager Connie Mack to bring a Major League all-star team headed by Babe Ruth to tour the island. The tour would take place in the fall and winter, following the end of the 1934 major league season. And since this would be the most high-profile assembly of American ballplayers ever to tour the island, Shoriki needed a Japanese team that could challenge the professionals and whip up interest and pride in his fellow countrymen.

    When American teams had toured Japan in the past, their competition was usually college and recreational clubs. For this grand tour, Shoriki aimed to assemble an all-island all-star team, “Dai Nippon” (All-Japan), comprising the best ballplayers in the country. If the tour was a success, as he believed it would be, this all-star team would then form the nucleus of Japan’s first professional league.

    After his impressive performance in the high school championships, Eiji Sawamura was a shoo-in for Shoriki’s team that would challenge the Americans. Tadao Ichioka, the head of the Yomiuri Shimbun’ssports department, traveled to Kyoto to recruit the young pitcher. According to baseball historian Robert Fitts, the newspaper offered to pay him 120 yen ($36) per month, a nice sum in Japan at the time. Sawamura’s father Kenji encouraged his son to accept the offer.

    After mulling it over, and, according to a 2021 Yomiuri Shimbun article, Matsutaro Shoriki promising him he would “take care of him for life,” Sawamura decided it was a gamble he was willing to take. If Shoriki’s league was a success, he could potentially make a good enough living to send his younger siblings to college. Of course, there was also the honor of representing his country against the world’s best ballplayers and seeing how he would personally perform when pitted against them. 

    DAI NIPPON would be the best aggregation of native baseball talent ever assembled in the country. Besides 17-year-old Eiji Sawamura, the roster was carefully curated from current and former collegiate stars, including Jiro Kuji, Naotaka Makino, Osamu Mihara, Shigeru Mizuhara, and Minoru Yamashita, all of whom would become future members of the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame. Also recruited to Dai Nippon was another teenage high school pitcher, Russian emigre Victor Starffin. 

    The tour unfolded as expected; the Americans beat Dai Nippon in seven straight contests. In his first two appearances against the Americans, Sawamura was hit hard. It wasn’t something to be ashamed of; the Americans won every game by a large margin, outscoring Dai Nippon 77 to 13 runs. No Japanese pitcher had been able to handle the seasoned professionals. It was his third try in which Eiji Sawamura made history and became an instant legend.

    The November 20, 1934 game took place at Kusanagi Stadium in Shizuoka, a city about 80 miles south of Yokohama at the foot of Mt. Fuji. With the midday sun at his back, the 17-year-old took the mound before 30,000 fans and proceeded to put the Americans down without giving up a hit. 

    In the bottom of the fourth inning, Sawamura faced lead-off batter Eric McNair, shortstop of the Athletics, who hit a harmless pop fly for the first out. Future Hall of Famer and 6-time all-star Charlie Gehringer was up next. One of the toughest men in the majors to strike out, Sawamura did just that, with a bit of help from the glaring sun behind him. Next, the great Babe Ruth took his place at the plate. Although the big man was at the end of his storied career, he could still pound the ball. The local teams he faced on the tour presented no real obstacle to him, and he hit one home run after another, captivating the appreciative Japanese fans. 

    Although he hadn’t performed all that well against the Americans, Sawamura had fanned the Bambino 10 days earlier and went into his windup knowing that the Babe was indeed fallible. Two fastballs and one curve later, he struck the big fella out again to end the inning. 

    In the bottom of the fifth, Sawamura took the mound to face Lou Gehrig. With his big leg kick, sizzling fastball, and that midday sun, Gehrig went down swinging. The Japanese crowd, who had routinely rooted for the American stars thus far, now began to sense that something magical was happening. Ever since the turn of the century, American teams had come to Japan and thoroughly defeated the local competition. In most games, it wasn’t even a close contest, but here and now, a home-grown ballplayer was striking out the greatest baseball players in the world.

    The giant Philadelphia Athletics first baseman Jimmie Foxx was up next. His muscular physique had intimidated even the best pitchers in the American League, but here in far-off Japan, an unknown 17-year-old high school kid struck out the 9-time all-star. That Earl Averill broke the strikeout streak by getting thrown out on a grounder didn’t matter, nor did it that the Americans would win the game 1-0 on a Lou Gehrig home run — Eiji Sawamura was an instant national hero.

    After the game, Connie Mack reportedly offered to take the pitcher back to America with him. “If you train him thoroughly on a farm team for three years at the age of 18” Mack said, “he would surely be useful in the major leagues.” Sawamura declined; he didn’t know English and didn’t want to leave Japan. American newspapers picked up the story, and while many baseball fans might not have known the kid’s name, they sure knew the story of the Japanese schoolboy who struck out Ruth, Gehrig, Gehringer, and Foxx. 

    By the time the tour left Japan, Sawamura had struck out every big leaguer on the team except Bing Miller at least once. The American all-stars spoke highly of the young pitcher, telling reporters that with a few more years of seasoning, he could make the major leagues.

    MEANWHILE, Matsutaro Shoriki and Tadao Ichioka retained most of the specially assembled team to form the nucleus of the Dai Nippon Tokyo Yakyu Club (Great Japan Tokyo Baseball Club). The plan was to send the team on an exhibition tour of North America the following spring with the goal of improving their baseball skills by playing against professional players. 

    “Schoolboy Sawamura” was already known to American sports fans due to his strikeout performance against Ruth and company and would be the key to the success of the tour. 

    However, the teenage pitcher remained on the fence. He had planned on attending Keio University and pitching for the school’s formidable baseball team. Foregoing college and joining the new professional league would be a considerable risk. However, Sawamura’s father, Kenji, encouraged his son to accept the opportunity. Besides the honor of being among the first members of Japan’s first professional baseball league, the money would be a big help to his family.

    The team, mercifully renamed the “Tokyo Giants,” played from Canada to Mexico and as far east as Cincinnati. Along with fellow pitcher Victor Starffin, Eiji Sawamura was the toast of the American media. Sawamura had mediocre success pitching against minor league Pacific Coast League teams but did exceptionally well against mid-level semi-pro competition. His fastball was estimated to be in the low 90s, and observers judged his curve to be of major league quality. 

    While in Milwaukee, a man approached Eiji Sawamura before a game. Thrusting a piece of paper at him, the young pitcher, who didn’t speak or read English, thought he was signing yet another autograph for a grateful fan. It was only after that same man confronted the Tokyo Giants’ manager to inquire when Sawamura would report to the Pittsburgh Pirates, that it finally became clear that the “fan” was actually a major league scout! According to the Giants’ business manager, Sotaro Suzuki, it took a small payoff to convince the scout to tear up the contract.

    It was fortunate that the contract was voided, because by the time the tour ended, Sawamura had come to dislike North America. According to newspaper accounts, the pitcher couldn’t adjust to the lack of rice at mealtime and blamed it for what he perceived to be his poor performance on the tour. He didn’t like the arrogance of North American women, and the Western culture differed too much from what he was used to back in Japan. Although it may have been tempting to join a professional American baseball team, Eiji Sawamura was destined to return to Japan and become a founding member of that country’s first professional baseball league.

    FROM THE START of its first season in 1936, Eiji Sawamura was the undisputed star. Tokyo Giants’ teammate Victor Starffin was Sawamura’s equal in talent, but he was a foreigner of Russian parentage. Sawamura was pure Japanese, and the fans loved and regarded him almost as a God. But despite the level of talent on the Tokyo Giants, the team performed poorly in the first half of the season, winning only two of their seven games. Despite Sawamura’s ERA of 2.18, the lack of his teammates’ effort led to his disappointing one-win and one-loss record. 

    The young pitcher must have been having second thoughts about ditching a college education for this new league. Sawamura loathed his teammates for not taking the game seriously, laughing off losses and partying late into the night. Before the second half of the 1936 season, the Tokyo Giants initiated a rigorous training program to whip the team into shape. At first, the dejected pitcher watched the workouts with disinterest. However, inspired by rookie Katsumi Shiraishi’s tireless work ethic and iron discipline rekindled Sawamura’s enthusiasm. The training paid off, and the Giants began playing like real professionals. 

    The highlight of the season came when Eiji Sawamura pitched the first no-hitter in Japanese professional baseball. The Friday, September 25 game at Koshien Stadium against the Osaka Tigers was immortalized not just for Sawamura’s pitching, but also for the extraordinary odds he overcame to accomplish it. 

    By the sixth inning, it became clear that Sawamura was on his way to a possible no-hitter. Giants catcher, Takeshi Nakayama, was told by some of the Tigers players that a no-hitter would be embarrassing to their team. Understanding the weight embarrassment carried in Japanese culture, Nakayama began signaling to the Osaka batters which pitch was coming. This was a dangerous strategy as the Giants had scored only a single run thus far, and a couple of well-placed hits could not only cost Sawamura a no-hitter but also the game. However, even with Nakayama giving away the pitches, the Tigers could not overcome Sawamura’s complete dominance that day. The 19-year-old continued to mow down the Tigers and won the game, 1-0.

    The Tokyo Giants finished in second place behind the Osaka Tigers. Eiji Sawamura was the league’s best pitcher with a 13-2 record and 1.04 ERA. In the three-game championship series against Osaka, Sawamura won two games to give the Tokyo Giants their first title.

    Eiji Sawamura was even better in the first half of the 1937 season. On May 1, he no-hit the Osaka Tigers a second time and then set a record for the new league with five consecutive wins. All spring, Tokyo and Osaka were locked in an exciting pennant race. Going into the final two games of the season, Osaka was up by a game and a half in the standings. Despite suffering from an eye injury, Sawamura took the mound and beat the Tigers in the first game, then came back the following day to beat them again, clinching the pennant for the Giants. 

    His 24 wins, 0.81 ERA and 196 strikeouts earned him the first pitcher’s Triple Crown in Japanese history and he received the very first Most Valuable Player Award.

    Sawamura won another nine games in the Fall season, bringing his 1937 record to 33-10 with a 1.38 ERA. His complete dominance over the competition can be seen in his ten shutouts and 325 strikeouts. 

    AT THE HEIGHT of his fame, Eiji Sawamura was asked to represent his country once again, this time in the Japanese Imperial Army. At his induction physical, the pitcher was singled out as the ultimate specimen of Japanese manhood. The press that eagerly covered his induction quoted army officers crediting baseball and sports in general as the ideal way for the country’s youth to prepare for battle. Sawamura trained as an infantryman and, in April 1938, was sent off to war.

    Japan had been skirmishing with China off and on since 1931, and beginning in 1937, had been waging full-on war, trying to conquer the entire country. 

    As he battled across China with the 33rd Infantry Regiment, the Japanese newspapers following the ballplayer wrote fanciful stories of how his great pitching arm was now put to use lobbing grenades so accurately that he saved his comrades time and again from certain death. Sawamura was shot in his left arm in the fall of 1938, but recovered quickly and rejoined his unit in the field. 

    When out of the front lines, he gave morale-boosting exhibitions, throwing the heavy hand grenades in distance competitions for the benefit of grateful troops and newsreel cameras. The Japanese press ate it up, and baseball fans back home devoured news of their great hero.

    HAVING COMPLETED his military service, the pitcher returned to the Giants in 1940. Now 24 years old, Sawamura had contracted malaria in China and suffered from insomnia. The two years of fighting and hand grenade exhibitions had done severe damage to his arm. His control was still as sharp as it ever was, but the famed fastball was left somewhere back in China. Now, he had to rely on outsmarting the opposition with his brains instead of speed. 

    Though he tossed his third no-hitter that season, Sawamura wasn’t the pitcher he had once been. His record of seven wins and one loss appear impressive on the surface, but the Japanese Professional Baseball League was a shadow of its former self, with many of its better players serving in the military. Even with the lesser-quality opposition, he slipped to a 9-5 record the following season. 

    Victor Starffin replaced him as the Giants’ number one starter, something the competitive Sawamura bitterly resented. “I’m not going to lose to him yet,” Sawamura told his teammate Shigeru Mizuhara, “I’ll throw a faster ball than him.”

    Eiji Sawamura’s effectiveness might have slipped, but he was still the idol of baseball fans nationwide, and his mere presence on the mound pulled in the crowds. He married his long-time sweetheart, Sakai Yuko, in May 1941, and not long after, he was recalled to active duty.

    WHEN THE JAPANESE ARMY invaded the Philippines in December 1941, Eiji Sawamura was with them. Where he once challenged the Americans on the baseball field, he now fought them on the field of battle. Brought up in the way of the modern warrior where surrender is not an option, Sawamura could not hide his disdain for the Americans when they put down their rifles and surrendered. 

    Because of his great fame, Eiji Sawamura became a valuable propaganda tool. Newspapers one again carried stories about how his legendary accuracy in throwing hand grenades was put to use saving himself and his comrades from certain doom at the hands of the Americans. When interviewed by visiting newspaper correspondents, Sawamura repeated false rumors of American atrocities against Japanese civilians that enraged the people back home. Most importantly, Eiji Sawamura’s example of sacrifice and duty inspired many who aspired to emulate their hero.

    SAWAMURA WAS DISCHARGED in the spring of 1943, and he rejoined the Tokyo Giants once again. In 1940, he was able to rely on his famed control to stay competitive when his speed left him, but a year in the Philippine jungles robbed him of even that last remaining talent. Sawamura was forced to alter his delivery from an overhand to a sidearm motion. 

    Working through shoulder pain and debilitating bouts of malaria, Sawamura was only able to appear in eleven innings over four games for the Giants. He was 0-3, giving up 17 runs on 17 hits, walking 12, and striking out just 2 batters. Unable to contribute as a pitcher, Sawamura took on the role of mentor to the younger players and assistant to rookie manager Haruyasu Nakajima.

    When Eiji Sawamura had not received a contract for the 1944 season, he visited the offices of the Tokyo Giants in person. A team official bluntly notified him that he had been fired. Undaunted, the pitcher considered offers from several other teams, but the owner of the Giants, Sotaro Suzuki, convinced him to retire. He reasoned that it would be useless to try to cling to past glory, as it would do nothing except cheapen his memory. He was a hero to millions of his countrymen, and as such, he should go out with grace and honor. Eiji Sawamura reluctantly agreed.

    Sawamura took a job as a clerk in a defense plant. With only a high school education, he was not qualified for high-paying jobs and struggled to pay bills. He had a hard time adjusting to life outside of the spotlight and resented having to live under his in-laws’ roof. He stubbornly insisted to his wife that there was still a place for him with the Giants. 

    The world did get a little brighter when he and Sakai Yuko welcomed a daughter. Sawamura gradually came to peace with being fired from the Giants and bore no grudge towards the management. He told his family he was looking forward to this new era of his life.

    BUT THEN, with the Japanese Navy all but destroyed and the Imperial Army being wiped out island by island, Sawamura found himself recalled into the service a third time. Sawamura’s father, Kenji, believed it was he who was responsible for his son repeatedly being sent off to war. If only he had encouraged his son to pursue college instead of a professional baseball career, his higher education would have spared him from being sent to the front.

    Eiji Sawamura and his unit shipped out for the Philippines on November 27th. Gone were the cheering fans that saw him off at the dock the two previous times he left for the war. Only his father watched as the ship steamed out of Yokohama harbor and disappeared over the horizon.  

    Five days later, the ship would cross paths with the USS Sea Devil, and Lieutenant Eiji Sawamura would be among the 1,843 soldiers of the Japanese 23rd Division who perished that morning.

    AFTER THE WAR, baseball played a crucial role in restoring normalcy and pride to a devastated Japan. Eiji Sawamura, in part due to the timely retirement that preserved his legacy, was held up as Japan’s greatest ballplayer. His death in the war also helped promote an anti-militarist feeling amongst the Japanese people. 

    In 1947, the Japanese magazine Nekkyu established the Eiji Sawamura Award, given annually to the best pitcher in the Nippon Professional Baseball League. That same year, the Tokyo Giants retired the number 14 he wore during his tenure with the team. And when the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame was founded in 1959, Eiji Sawamura was among the first nine inductees. To this day, Eiji Sawamura remains a legend, often referred to simply as “Japan’s Number One.”

    Visit Gary Cieradkowski’s website to read more fascinating baseball stories, purchase his books and award-winning baseball cards, including one of Eiji Sawamura.

    087 Eiji Sawamura
  • 2014 Suzuki All-Star Series: Samurai Japan vs. MLB All-Stars

    2014 Suzuki All-Star Series: Samurai Japan vs. MLB All-Stars

    by CARTER CROMWELL

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week  CARTER CROMWELL focuses on the 2014 Suzuki All-Star Series when team Samurai Japan shocked the visiting MLB All-Stars.

    On June 10, 2014, Major League Baseball and the Major League Baseball Players Association announced that the Nichibei Yakyu All-Star Series would be held in the fall after an eight-year hiatus. In 2006 the Japan Professional Baseball Players Association had voted not to participate in the event after 2006 as the World Baseball Classic had made MLB-Japan all-star exhibition series meaningless. “The majority of the players felt the series, an exhibition, placed a great burden on the players in an environment in which meaningful competitions, including the World Baseball Classic, existed, and that the historic role of the regular All-Star Series had run its course,” explained Takuya Yamazaki, an attorney for the players union.

    Although Jim Small, president of Major League Baseball Japan, worked to restart the series, the players union maintained its stance until early 2014, when it agreed that resuming the series would be mutually beneficial. Japan had won the World Baseball Classic in both 2006 and 2009 but had finished third in 2013. The squad needed an edge to regain the championship. Instead of bringing together a group of all-stars to face the major leaguers as they had done in the past, the Japanese decided to pit their national team, Samurai Japan, against the MLB All-Stars.

    “Samurai Japan is about winning the WBC and this is part of that buildup and the players are behind it,” said Toru Matsubara, the secretary general of the Japan Professional Baseball Players Association. “We don’t see these games as exhibitions,” added Kenjiro Kato, a national team senior staff member. “We are treating them as meaningful competitions.”

    Led by Samurai Japan manager Hiroki Kokubo, the Japanese squad consisted of the national team players not under contract to major-league teams. Masahiro Tanaka and Ichiro Suzuki of the New York Yankees and Yu Darvish of the Texas Rangers, for example, were ineligible. But the squad contained plenty of top players including Tetsuto Yamada of the Tokyo Yakult Swallows, Yuki Yanigata of the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks, Ryosuke Kikuchi of the Hiroshima Carp, and 20-year-old two-way player Shohei Ohtani of the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters.

    To face Samurai Japan, MLB would once again send a team of all-stars. Commissioner Bud Selig announced, “Major League Baseball is delighted that many of our finest players will represent our sport during the 2014 Japan All-Star Tour.” But there were questions from some about whether the US team was truly all-star caliber. After the roster was announced, Jon Heyman of CBS tweeted, “appreciate their service, but of the mlb ‘all-stars’ playing in Japan, 21 of 29 players were never all-stars.” This is not to say that the MLB club was a bad one – not at all. It included Jose Altuve, Robinson Canó, Yasiel Puig, Evan Longoria, and Justin Morneau. But there were others who were solid major leaguers but could not be considered all-stars – for example, Erik Kratz, Drew Butera, Tommy Hunter, Jeremy Guthrie, Jerry Blevins, and Jeff Beliveau.

    The team also included two Japanese-born players. Hisashi Iwakuma had played in Nippon Professional Baseball for 11 seasons, winning the 2008 Eiji Sawamura Award and two Best Nine Awards, before signing with the Seattle Mariners in 2012. He became the team’s best starter in 2013 with a 14-6 record and 2.66 ERA as he finished third in the American League Cy Young Award voting. This was Iwakuma fourth Nichibei All-Star series. He played for the Japanese team in 2002 and 2004 and for the major leaguers in 2012 and 2014. Tsuyoshi Wada, a former star with the Softbank Hawks who struggled with injuries after signing with the Baltimore Orioles in late 2011, had a breakthrough season with the Cubs in 2014, earning him a spot on the MLB team. “It’s an honor, even though I feel a little weird being on the American side,” Wada said. “But it’s going to be something I treasure for all of my baseball life.”

    The MLB All-Stars congregated in Los Angeles on November 7 and spent two days working out before arriving in Osaka, Japan, on Sunday, November 9. The team practiced the next day in preparation for an exhibition game against a team made up of players from the Hanshin Tigers and Yomiuri Giants.

    The opening exhibition took place on November 11 before a crowd of 26,946 at Koshien Stadium, home of the Hanshin Tigers. The game celebrated the 80th year of professional baseball in Japan, and the Japanese players wore uniforms identical to those worn by the All Nippon team during the famous 1934 All-American tour led by Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and Jimmie Foxx.

    The MLB All-Stars took a 2-0 lead in the fourth inning when Alcides Escobar scored on a double-play grounder by Carlos Santana, and Yasiel Puig later drove in Robinson Canó with a single. Then the major leaguers displayed their power – a fifth-inning grand slam by Evan Longoria off reliever Yuki Egarashi of Yomiuri and solo homers by Salvador Perez in the sixth and Dexter Fowler in the seventh gave them an 8-1 lead.

    MLB starter Chris Capuano of the New York Yankees pitched four scoreless innings, giving up only one hit, walking one batter, and striking out three. “Overall, I pitched pretty well,” Capuano said. “It wasn’t cold out there. Actually, it was perfect for pitching.”

    After scoring their first run in the bottom of the sixth on Hiroki Uemoto’s RBI double, the Japanese then scored five times in the seventh, highlighted by a two-run triple from Yomiuri’s Taishi Ohta off reliever Franklin Morales. The Japanese got another run in the eighth inning on a fielding error by Jose Altuve, who was making a rare appearance at shortstop, to narrow the score to 8-7, but they could get no closer. “Tonight was more than we could have asked for,” MLB manager John Farrell said. “We were able to get every position player on the field [and] were able to go to our bullpen, but their competitiveness forced us to make some plays.” Rob Wooten, a pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers, was impressed with historic Koshien Stadium. “When Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig and that team went over in 1934, that’s where they played. So it’s kind of like their Fenway. It’s a really old ballpark, but it’s pretty neat. … I hadn’t played on an all-dirt infield since Little League, so it was different in that aspect. Even from the mound to home plate, it looked very different, being all dirt.”

    Game 1 of the five-game series, the first against the Japan national team, took place the next day at the Kyocera Dome in Osaka. Samurai Japan took a 2-0 victory behind five strong innings by starter Kenta Maeda of the Hiroshima Carp. A series of relievers, highlighted by Shohei Ohtani’s one-two-three eighth inning, maintained the shutout. The major leaguers got only three hits.

    The Japanese scored two runs off starter Matt Shoemaker of the Los Angeles Angels, who had just completed a fine rookie season with a 16-4 mark, and those proved to be enough. Nobuhiro Matsuda of the Softbank Hawks hit a sacrifice fly in the second to score Softbank teammate Seiichi Uchikawa. In the fourth inning, Matsuda reached on an errant throw by second baseman Canó and scored on an RBI single by Tetsuto Yamada. “[B]eing able to score early was big,” Japan’s manager Kokubo said. “I was really proud of our pitching staff tonight.”

    Maeda, rumored to be a candidate to jump to the majors (though that did not happen until 2016), allowed a one-out single to Canó and then walked Longoria in the first inning before settling down and getting out of the inning. He gave up two hits and two walks and threw 71 pitches in five innings. “I am happy to finish my outing with a good result, especially in the first official game of the series,” Maeda said. “They made me throw a few more pitches than I wanted in the first inning, but I got my rhythm after that.” Farrell added, “Very good pitching on their part tonight. We got an opportunity in the first inning … but Maeda really settled in with an assortment of pitches for strikes.”

    Ohtani, then 3½ years away from his major-league debut, thrilled the crowd and impressed the major leaguers with a fastball that reached 98.8 mph. “To see a guy who’s his age [20] throw nearly 100 miles an hour, that’s an impressive-looking young pitcher,” Farrell said. “It seemed like he had very good poise [and] … a long, loose body that’s got tremendous arm speed.” Morneau added, “He’s young, but he didn’t look scared at all. He was attacking. I think at his age, to be able to throw that hard and throw the ball over the plate is the most important thing. If you can locate and throw that hard, you can be as dominant a pitcher as anybody. He’s young, so he’ll be here for a long time.” Fowler concurred: “He’s good. Great arm. He’s aggressive, which is awesome. You don’t see that often from a young kid.”

    The teams had a day off before playing November 14, 15, and 16 at the Tokyo Dome. In Game 2 the Japanese pounded out 14 hits in an 8-4 victory. All but two of Japan’s runs were scored after two batters were out. “They did a very good job of not giving in to record that third out,” Farrell acknowledged. Center fielder Yuki Yanagita of Softbank led the attack with a single, double, and triple and four RBIs. For good measure, he also stole a base. Ryosuke Kikuchi of Hiroshima went 3-for-5 and drove in two runs; Nobuhiro Matsuda of Softbank had three hits, including a solo home run; and Hikaru Itoh of the Orix Buffaloes had two hits and an RBI.

    Both of the Japanese-born players on the MLB team had disappointing performances. Starter Iwakuma gave up five runs in four innings, and relief pitcher Tsuyoshi Wada allowed two runs in 1⅔ innings. “I was so nervous out there,” Iwakuma said. “I couldn’t really have a good performance, but I’d been looking forward to pitching back at home and I had a lot of fun.”

    Reliever Rob Wooten, who relieved Iwakuma in the fifth inning, noted that the bullpens at Tokyo Dome were not behind the outfield walls but underneath the field, near the clubhouses. Their isolation led to a shock when he entered the game. He said:

    The first time you’re exposed to the [game’s] atmosphere is when you’re on the mound. You’re in the bullpen and it’s dead quiet and you’re watching the game on TV … and then all of a sudden you’re in mayhem – horns, drums and all kinds of stuff. You really have to calm your emotions down real quick. If you let your emotions get to you, you’re going to be pretty jumpy out there. I did a pretty decent job of that and got right to work. … [T]he first pitch I threw was a strike, so that calmed me down.

    They have very good fans with a high baseball IQ. I noticed most of the time it was really, really loud when they were hitting but pretty quiet when they were pitching. For instance, I noticed when it was two strikes and two outs and all they had to do was get one out to win the game andthe series, nobody was standing. Nobody was clapping. It was extremely quiet – here in the States, your closer is on the mound and there are two outs, 40,000 people are standing and cheering to get that last out – but then once the out was made, everyone started standing up and clapping. But when they are hitting, it’s a whole different world. There’s cheering, people jumping around … horns … drums. … It’s just, wow.

    Samurai starter Chihiro Kaneko recorded the win, surrendering three hits and three runs while striking out five in five innings. Justin Morneau hit a two-run homer off Kaneko in the second inning, scoring Longoria ahead of him, but the Americans could do no more damage. “[Kaneko] made pitches when he needed to,” Morneau said. “We never really got anything going. We never really got any rallies going or situations where we could put a lot of pressure on him. He was able to get ahead and then … throw his split and get us to chase [it].”

    Asked if the results of the first two games indicated that the gap between the level of play in Japan and the major leagues was closing, Yanagita joked, “I don’t think they’re really playing seriously, are they? I don’t know, though. Today, I was lucky that I was able to make good contact.”

    The series went from bad to worse for the visitors. The next night in game 3 as four Samurai pitchers – starter Takahiro Norimoto (Rakuten) and relievers Yuki Nishi (Orix), Kazuhisa Makita (Seibu), and Yuji Nishino (Chiba Lotte) – combined to no-hit the Americans en route to a 4-0 victory. It was the first time in history that Japanese pitchers had no-hit a visiting American professional team.

    Norimoto, who struck out six batters and retired all 15 he faced, said, “I did more than I thought I was capable of. It felt so great. This is a big stage we’re playing on, so I’d say it was the best pitching I’ve ever done.” Farrell commented, added, “He attacked the strike zone. … [W]hen you have that power of 94-96 (mph) with some late action … [you are a] very difficult pitcher to face. Even in some fastball counts, he did an outstanding job of locating his fastball down at the bottom of the strike zone. … On a night like tonight, you tip your hat to a very good pitcher.”

    Hayato Sakamoto of the Yomiuri Giants and Sho Nakata of the Nippon Ham Fighters hit two-run homers in the second and third innings respectively to account for Japan’s runs. The no-hitter was nearly spoiled with one out in top of the ninth when Carlos Santana hit a sharp grounder to the right of second baseman Ryosuke Kikuchi, but the gold-glover made a sliding stop, spun completely around, and easily threw out Santana at first. As if being no-hit was not bad enough, the MLB squad also lost star second baseman, Robinson Canó, who was hit on the right foot by a pitch in the seventh inning. X-rays revealed that he had a fractured toe, ending his participation in the series.

    The victory also clinched the five-game series for Samurai Japan. “It was our goal to win the series, so I’m happy we’ve achieved that. Especially in a game that made history with the first no-hitter by Japanese pitchers,” manager Hiroki Kukubo said. “I’m so happy that we were able to win the series,” added Nakata. “I wasn’t really able to contribute to the team in the first two games, and finally I was able to contribute to win in the game that clinched the series.”

    “Obviously, they’re the best in Japan,” said MLB all-star Lucas Duda when asked about the Samurai’s success. “I really didn’t have an original notion of what they would be. I knew they would be good. I didn’t know how good. I didn’t think they were going to be this good.”

    A day later, the MLB All-Stars finally got going, rapping 10 hits, including home runs by Morneau and Longoria and 3-for-4 performances by Altuve and Puig, to win 6-1. The Americans got a run in the first inning, three in the third, and one each in the sixth and eighth. Farrell moved Puig from the sixth spot in the lineup to second, ahead of Morneau, and he felt that made a difference. “We had to make some adjustments. … [T]hey were attacking Yasiel in the first three games and not really giving him too much to hit. To put him in front of Morneau … was an opportunity for him to see some pitches and it worked out. They threw the ball in the strike zone and he responded.”

    Meanwhile, starter Chris Capuano gave a five-inning, one-run performance to get the victory. The only Samurai run came off Capuano in the second inning when Yoshitomo “Yoshi” Tsutsugo of the Yokohama DeNA Baystars hit an RBI double to drive in Matsuda. “It was helpful being able to watch the Samurai team for a few games before I had to pitch against them,” Capuano said. “I was trying to watch what our pitchers, especially our left-handed pitchers, were throwing, and I think that helped me.” “The top third of our lineup [Altuve, Puig and Morneau] did an amazing job,” Farrell concluded, “and with Chris, his ability to pitch in with his fastball and use his changeup effectively, it kept them off balance.”

    No game was scheduled for November 17. Players used this, and other free days, to sightsee, shop, and experience Japanese culture. After the first game in Osaka, for example, the players visited Kyoto, stopping at many of the famous sites. Jeremy Guthrie visited Kiyomizudera Temple and drank water from the Otowa Waterfall at the fountain of wisdom. Guthrie, whose great-grandfather was a Japanese immigrant to Hawaii, also met Japanese cousins for the first time and visited his great-uncle’s gravesite. Rob Wooten and his wife, Katie, toured a few temples before having a traditional lunch and geisha show. “I’ll remember most the Japanese temples and shrines we visited,” Chris Capuano told reporters. “The natural beauty of that place, and the peace and serenity that came with being in those places was something that I’ll definitely take with me.”

    “I came here for baseball,” said Hector Santiago, “but I said I was going to try and do everything single thing that I could. I tasted the tea. I was a little nervous about it at first … but it wasn’t too bad. … You’re only here for about 10 days but you try to go every day and do and see something new. … It’s pretty cool.”

    The teams then traveled to Sapporo to play the final game of the series on November 20 before a crowd of 30,159 at the Sapporo Dome. Shohei Ohtani started for Samurai Japan in front of his home crowd and struck out seven batters in four innings, but allowed two walks, four hits, and two runs while hitting one batter and throwing one “hard-to-catch pitch” that resulted in a run-scoring passed ball as the MLB All-Stars won, 3-1.

    Lucas Duda of the New York Mets came home on the passed ball in the third inning to start the scoring. Later in the inning, Jose Altuve’s groundout scored Alcides Escobar from third base for a 2-0 MLB lead. The All-Stars scored their third run in the sixth inning, and the Japanese got their only run in the seventh. The major leaguers banged out 12 hits to Samurai Japan’s four. Altuve went 3-for-5, and Puig, Escobar, and Eduardo Nunez each had two hits.

    “They hit me when I tried to get ahead in counts, and I need to look at that,” Ohtani said. “I also should have paid more attention to the leadoff batters [who reached base in three of his four innings]. The good thing was that I was able to get strikeouts when I needed them.” Despite his uneven performance, Ohtani nonetheless again impressed the major leaguers. “He was the best,” Escobar said. “He’s throwing 95 (miles an hour) and down in the zone. That’s tough.”

    Starter Matt Shoemaker gained the victory, surrendering just two hits in five innings. “It was definitely a great game for us,” he said. “We had a lot of fun out there. This is a great team, a great group of guys.” Shoemaker added that the Japanese “put the ball in play. They foul off a lot of pitches, with very good speed. … These hitters are very good.” He also praised Ohtani. “He’s what, 20 years old? That’s impressive enough. Let alone that he has that kind of an arm, maybe he can be a two-way player.”

    After the five-game series, the teams traveled to Okinawa to play an exhibition game on November 20. The MLB All-Stars got a first-inning run on a sacrifice fly by Morneau, but the Americans failed to take advantage of a bases-loaded, two-out situation, and scored only the one run. The Japanese tied the game in their half of the first when Softbank’s Kenta Imamiya singled off Hector Santiago to score Seichi Uchikawa. Excellent defensive stops by shortstop Imamiya and center fielder Yuki Yanagita in the third inning kept the All-Stars from scoring, before throwing errors by Longoria and Fowler in the fourth gave the Samurai a 2-1 lead.

    Japan added a run in the fifth inning when Yoshio Itoi of Orix tripled off Tsuyoshi Wada to score Ryosuke Kikuchi, but the All-Stars responded with a run of their own in the bottom of the inning to keep it a one-run game. The Samurai broke the game open in the top of the eighth as Nobuhiro Matsuda led off with a double and reliever Jose Veras then walked Ginji Akaminai. After an unsuccessful and a successful sacrifice bunt, Yanagita singled home both runners off Randy Choate to stretch Japan’s lead to 6-2. Kikuchi then tripled, scoring Yanagita. Although the MLB All-Stars scored single runs in the eighth and ninth innings, the Samurai took home a 6-4 victory.

    Throughout the tour, the Japanese fans impressed the major leaguers. Rob Wooten recalled:

    The people over there were so polite. They welcomed us with open arms. Not one time did I feel uncomfortable. It’s crazy how much knowledge they have of the game and us. I’ve only been in the big leagues for parts of two seasons, and everyone knew who I was. I’d be walking out of the hotel and there would be people everywhere asking for autographs. I signed pictures I had never seen before of myself. It was pretty wild. And I know with [Robinson] Cano and [Evan] Longoria, they got even more [attention] than I did. … Interacting with the fans over there was something I’ll never forget. It was kind of difficult to carry on a conversation, but just the one-on-one, even for two seconds, you could see that we were making a difference in their lives and they in ours. We don’t go over there often, and they were so excited for us to come and they rolled out the red carpet everywhere we went. The fans and the people over there were unbelievable.

    The MLB All-Stars left Japan with a 3-4 record, losing the series three games to two and splitting the two exhibition games. At the time, it was just the second time a Japanese team had captured a postseason series against a visiting major-league squad (In 1970 the San Francisco Giants posted a 3-6 record during a spring-training tour.). The Samurai batted .253 as a team, while the All-Stars club hit an anemic .197 in the five-game series. Japan outscored the visitors 16-13 over the five official games. Yanagita, who led Samurai Japan with four RBIs and went 6-for-20 at the plate, was named the series Most Valuable Player. Tsutsugo and Altuve led their respective clubs with identical .429 batting averages, while Morneau led both clubs with two home runs and six RBIs.

    Although at least one American-based writer noted, “[T]here may be questions asked of the roster sent to face Japan’s titans, and fans may well ponder whether a higher-quality cast could have secured greater success on foreign soil” many observers agreed that the Japanese talent had improved greatly since the beginning of the all-star series in 1986 and that Japan’s victory was no fluke. “[W]hen the series returned to Japan this year, there was a different feel,” wrote Samuel Chi of The Diplomat. “[T]he Japanese team put together a great performance with a roster full of young and hungry professionals. Even in defeat in the series finale Tuesday night in Sapporo, there was much promise on display.” Jason Coskrey of the Japan Timesconcluded that “[p]layers such as free-swinging Yuki Yanagita, human-highlight-reel second baseman Ryosuke Kikuchi and pitcher Takahiro Norimoto emphatically announced their presence to MLB teams and fans … as well as to casual NPB followers. Also impressive were the pitching corps … mainly Kenta Maeda, Norimoto, Yuji Nishino and Kazuhisa Makita, while Chihiro Kaneko and Shohei Ohtani were shaky but didn’t lessen pre-existing opinions about them.”

    But the Japanese victory was not due solely to the increase in talented players. John Gibson noted on his One World Sports Blog, “The truth is, the landscape has changed. The MLB stars are using the same approach, but Japan is using the stage to get its national team valuable experience against some of the best talent in the world.” The core of the Samurai Japan roster had played together for years, winning the World Baseball Classic in 2006 and 2009 and finishing third in 2013. The squad played together as a team; it wasn’t a collection of all-stars thrown together for the first time. The MLB All-Stars’ “talent alone isn’t enough [for them] to win,” said Gibson. “It’s not that the Japanese players are more talented, it’s more about preparation and organization.”

    “While MLB still possesses most of the best baseball talent in the world, the rest of the professional leagues are catching up,” Samuel Chi concluded. “[W]hat’s not in dispute is that the U.S. – the birthplace of baseball – is nowhere near being the top country in terms of producing talent. The San Francisco Giants might have won the ‘World Series’ but the rise of competition worldwide is making the series winner’s claim as the ‘world champion’ more dubious by the year. Perhaps someday there will be a true World Series matching the best professional teams from not just North America, but around the globe.”

    Read the full article on the SABR website

    2014 Suzuki All-Star Series: Samurai Japan vs. MLB All-Stars
  • 2012 MLB Opening Series: Mariners vs Athletics at the Tokyo Dome

    2012 MLB Opening Series: Mariners vs Athletics at the Tokyo Dome

    by Susan Miyagi McCormac

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Susan Miyagi McCormac writes about the 2012 Opening Series between the Marines featuring Ichiro and the A’s.

    On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9.1 earthquake struck off the northeastern coast of Japan’s main island of Honshu, near a region known as Tohoku. The quake triggered a tsunami, and the world watched in horror as the black waves – some as high as 130 feet – crashed over floodwalls and raced inland, eating the shoreline, and destroying buildings, cars, and lives. The resulting meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, located 43 miles from the epicenter of the earthquake, forced mass evacuations and caused more loss, devastation, and uncertainty. The death toll from the Great East Japan Earthquake stood at 19,747 precious lives, and 2,556 were still missing a decade later.

    One year after the triple disaster, two major-league teams, the Seattle Mariners and the Oakland Athletics, began the season in Tokyo. It was the fourth season-opening series in Japan and the first since 2008, when the Athletics faced the Boston Red Sox. (The others were the Yankees and the then-Devil Rays in 2004 and the Mets-Cubs series in 2000.) When Major League Baseball announced the Opening Day plan six months earlier, in late September 2011, Commissioner Bud Selig said the decision to begin in Tokyo was largely for humanitarian reasons.

    “Opening Series 2012 will be an excellent opportunity to bring the game of baseball to fans across the globe and to celebrate the many contributions to the game by Japanese players,” Selig said in a statement. “Most importantly, with the shared love of baseball between our nations, I believe that we can use this event to further assist the ongoing relief efforts throughout Japan.”

    That charitable sentiment seemed to be lost on West Coast fans once the games were played on March 28 and 29, 2012.

    “Why Are the A’s and Mariners Playing Baseball in Japan?” asked an agitated Wendy Thurm on SB Nation. She complained that A’s fans couldn’t watch the games for two reasons: First pitch (3:05 A.M. Pacific Time) happened before anyone on the West Coast was awake, and even if fans dragged themselves out of bed in the middle of the night, there was nothing to see but a blank screen because MLB’s blackout restrictions rendered the game unavailable in the Athletics’ and Mariners’ home viewing territories. (The MLB Network showed both games on tape delay at 6:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M.Pacific Time each day.)

    John Swol, a Minnesota Twins fan who runs the blog Twins Trivia, denounced the two-game series in Tokyo in his blog post “Season Opener in Tokyo? Just Plain Wrong.” Like Thurm, Swol thought it was unfair to Athletics and Mariners fans – and baseball fans in general – to stage games in a time zone that’s 16 hours ahead of the West Coast.

    “Baseball is America’s pastime and opening the season after the long winter away from baseball in a foreign country is just plain wrong,” the blogger bellyached. He wondered aloud if someone was receiving financial benefit from this venture, then asked, “Why in Japan, why not in the Dominican, Puerto Rico, Australia, or even Cuba. Is MLB looking to put a big league team in Tokyo?”

    Perhaps Mr. Swol didn’t realize that, while baseball may be America’s pastime, it was first introduced to Japan in 1872. And the answer to his last question is “No,” of course. The answer to his question about who benefits is, well, Major League Baseball. “Almost 70 percent of MLB’s international revenues are derived from the Japanese market,” Tom Verducci wrote in Sports Illustrated, describing starting the season in Japan as “a smart move by MLB.”

    “Playing regular season games in Japan for a fifth time in the past 14 years has helped drive such interest,” Verducci continued. “Last year [2011] MLB opened an official MLB of Japan online shop, and for years it has sold virtual signage to Japanese companies to insert into the MLB International broadcasts of All-Star, LCS, and World Series games.”

    Verducci made the case for what’s in it for the Japanese fans. And, at the time of his article, there was a slim chance that NPB legend and former Yankee Hideki Matsui would re-sign with Oakland and play in the 2012 opening series. (He didn’t.) “[I]t is fitting that Japanese fans get a chance to watch [Ichiro] Suzuki, one of their most beloved stars, play in his homeland in a major league uniform for the first time,” Verducci wrote. “Japanese baseball fans have been watching Mariners games on television for years, and the opportunity to welcome him back as an active major leaguer is in itself worth the trip.”

    Despite the feelings of annoyed writers like Thurm and bloggers like Swol, the players, as well as the coaches and staff, agreed with Verducci and seemed happy to participate. “The fans over there love the game,” A’s left fielder Coco Crisp told MLB.com ahead of the series, saying he was looking forward to the experience after playing in Japan during the 2008 opener as a member of the Boston Red Sox. “You’ve got people hanging fishing rods over the wall with cards to sign, balls attached to all sorts of different things. They really get into it.”

    “This is a great opportunity,” A’s general manager Billy Beane said. “We want to thank everybody in Japan who have welcomed us again. We came here in 2008, and we were more than happy to come back again.” “It’s an honor and a privilege to be here,” Mariners manager Eric Wedge said. “I know all the players are excited to be in Japan. Baseball has truly become an international sport, and I think the opportunity to come over here and play Oakland and open this year’s major league season is quite an opportunity.”

    Mariners shortstop Brendan Ryan proposed to his girlfriend, Sharon, while in Tokyo. He learned how to ask her in Japanese because she had spent time in Japan as an English and dance teacher. It was a surprise he’d been planning since the trip was announced.

    Ryan’s teammate Tom Wilhelmsen, a reliever, toured Tsukiji Fish Market and then watched his team’s American League West rivals play an exhibition game against the Hanshin Tigers while wearing Tigers gear. “It was a lot of fun,” Wilhelmsen said of the game. “They have a different song for every player and every situation. It was pretty good. Once they scored a run, they turned around to me and I was able to knock ThunderStix with them. That was pretty darn cool. You can’t beat that.”

    Before the major-league season officially started, each team played exhibition games against the Yomiuri Giants and the Hanshin Tigers, including the one Wilhelmsen attended as a fan. Those games began with a day-night doubleheader on Sunday, March 25, 2012.

    More than 42,000 people attended the matchup between the Hanshin Tigers and the Seattle Mariners, partly because the Osaka-based Tigers have a rowdy and loyal fan base that travels well, but also because Japanese fans were eager to see Ichiro Suzuki. Although he had represented the Japanese national team in the World Baseball Classic and participated in major-league tours of Japan, this would be his first time to play a game in Japan as a major leaguer since he became a Mariner in 2001.

    With every Ichiro at-bat, flashbulbs lit up the Tokyo Dome as if it were the Fourth of July. The superstar, who spent nine years with the Orix Blue Wave before becoming the first Japanese-born everyday position player in major-league baseball, went 1-for-4 against Hanshin as the Tigers won 5-1. In the bottom of the second, Hanshin got a little help from former Mariners catcher Kenji Johjima, whose infield single scored Tigers third baseman Takahiro Arai from third. Seattle starter Hector Noesi then gave up a two-run homer to Tomoaki Kanemoto en route to the loss. His final line was three runs and six hits in five innings. A Kohei Shibata double and a single by Takashi Toritani gave the Tigers two more runs in the seventh.

    The nightcap between the Oakland Athletics and the Yomiuri Giants was somewhat more subdued, despite being on the Giants’ home turf. Ichiro may have received the most attention at the Tokyo Dome, but on this day another Suzuki made more noise. Oakland catcher and Hawaii native Kurt Suzuki cracked a two-run home run in the seventh inning, and Oakland’s pitchers stifled Yomiuri’s bats, holding the “Yankees of Japan” to two hits in a 5-0 shutout.

    The next day saw another day-night doubleheader exhibition, with the teams switching opponents. The early contest pitted Oakland against the Hanshin Tigers. Unlike Hanshin’s exhibition against Ichiro and the Mariners the previous day, the Tigers’ generally large and boisterous oendan (fan club) was sparse. It could’ve been the noon start on a Monday, but it’s most likely attributed to the Tigers’ opponent being the Ichiro-less A’s.

    The lack of cheering in the Tokyo Dome didn’t faze the Tigers, as they jumped all over Oakland starter Tyson Ross early, scoring seven runs in the first three innings. Takahiro Arai started the scoring with a two-run home run in the bottom of the first, and the Tigers rolled to a 12-6 win over the major-league team. Once again, the “other” Suzuki visiting Japan hit a home run, this one a three-run shot off former Seattle Mariners pitcher Randy Messenger, cutting Hanshin’s lead to 7-4. With Oakland GM Billy Beane watching from the stands, the rally fell short.

    The day’s second game was what everyone in Japan wanted to see. A crowd of 43,759 – just shy of the Tokyo Dome’s capacity of 45,600 – politely waited in orderly lines outside the ballpark for their chance to get a glimpse of Ichiro as the Yomiuri Giants hosted the Seattle Mariners. Seattle manager Eric Wedge put three Japanese players in the lineup: Ichiro; shortstop Munenori Kawasaki, a former SoftBank Hawks all-star who signed a minor-league contract with the Mariners; and starting pitcher Hisashi Iwakuma.

    Iwakuma signed a one-year deal to pitch for the Mariners in January 2012 after a successful 11-year NPB career. He spent seven seasons with the Rakuten Golden Eagles, culminating in 2011. The March 11 tragedy delayed the start of the 2011 NPB season by three weeks. When the season officially began on April 12, one month and one day after the disaster, Iwakuma toed the rubber for the visiting Eagles at QVC Marine Stadium in a start against the host Chiba Lotte Marines. Many Rakuten fans attended the game, some driving eight hours from the battered Tohoku region, to witness Iwakuma earn the win on his 30th birthday. He went 8⅓ innings, giving up three earned runs while walking two and striking out four as the Eagles defeated the Marines 6-4. “This is a victory for all of us, including the people trying their best in Tohoku,” Iwakuma said after the game.

    The Eagles are based in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, a mere 80 miles from the epicenter of the March 11 earthquake. The damage that the Eagles’ ballpark sustained as a result – cracked walls, flooded suites, collapsed ceilings in offices – forced Iwakuma and his teammates to play six “home” games in ballparks in the Kansai region of Japan, more than 500 miles away. From April 15 through April 17, 2011, the Eagles played three games at Koshien Stadium in Nishinomiya, Hyogo Prefecture, the home of the Hanshin Tigers and the famed high-school baseball tournament. Then they hosted the Nippon-Ham Fighters from April 22 through April 24 at Hotto Motto Field in Kobe, one of two home parks of the Orix Buffaloes. Repairs to Kleenex Miyagi Stadium finished quickly, and the Eagles could return to familiar turf on April 29 against the Buffaloes, a complete-game, 3-1 win by future Yankee Masahiro Tanaka. Iwakuma would finish his final NPB season with a 6-7 record and a 2.42 ERA.

    One year later, as a newly minted US major leaguer, Iwakuma started the Mariners’ exhibition game against the Yomiuri Giants. It did not go well for him. A crowd of 43,759 packed Tokyo Dome to witness a 9-3 beatdown of the Japanese star. The Giants were held to two hits in their 5-0 loss to Oakland on Sunday, but their bats came to life against Iwakuma and Seattle’s relievers. Former San Francisco-turned-Yomiuri Giant John Bowker started the 14-hit barrage with a solo home run in the first inning, and in each subsequent inning, his teammates followed suit: Kenji Yano (RBI double in the second), Shuichi Murata (two-run single in the third), and Hayato Sakamoto (two-run single in the fourth). In Iwakuma’s disappointing outing, he lasted only four innings, surrendering six runs on 10 hits. “I felt like he threw the ball OK,” Wedge said of Iwakuma, the 2008 Sawamura winner. “He just had trouble putting hitters away. He was ahead multiple times and had opportunities to work through innings and just wasn’t able to make that pitch to finish off hitters. If he does that, it’s a different ballgame.”

    While the fans were cheering on the Giants, they were also watching Ichiro’s every move. He was held hitless but had an RBI groundout that scored Dustin Ackley, who also contributed a solo home run and a triple. D.J. Houlton, in his first season with the Giants after four seasons and a Japan Series championship with the SoftBank Hawks, was the winning pitcher. These ballgames showed how global baseball has become: The NPB teams won both contests in the Tokyo Dome that day with American pitchers on the mound, while Seattle lost with a Japanese starter.

    As Selig intended when making the choice to begin the season in Japan, MLB did use the Opening Series as an opportunity to help in the 3/11 recovery efforts. On March 27, 2012, a group of players – including Iwakuma – and MLB staff visited Ishinomaki, a town in Miyagi Prefecture that was ravaged by the earthquake and tsunami. They conducted a baseball clinic for young players and met with other residents. “Because I was in that area, I really want to give something back to the local community,” said Iwakuma of his participation. The next day, US Ambassador John Roos hosted a ceremony with Japanese government officials at his residence “to celebrate the shared love of baseball that unites our two countries.”

    The visit and ceremony were part of a collaboration between MLB, the MLB Players Association, and the TOMODACHI Initiative, a public-private partnership started in response to the March 11 disaster and led by the US government and the U.S.-Japan Council with support from the Japanese government. The diplomatic alliance was launched during Cal Ripken Jr.’s visit to Japan in November 2011, when the Hall of Famer, appointed a sports diplomat by the US State Department, toured Ofunato, Iwate Prefecture, on a nine-day mission. He and former Oriole teammate Brady Anderson conducted a baseball clinic for around 70 junior high school students from the area.

    Farther south, Mariners Dustin Ackley, Justin Smoak, and George Sherrill had a high-flying time during a visit to Camp Zama, a US Army base in Kanagawa Prefecture, 25 miles from Tokyo. The trio flew to the base in Blackhawk helicopters, an exhilarating ride that showed off the vast expanse of the Japanese capital. Once at Camp Zama, the players took a tour and met soldiers and their families.

    With the exhibition games and humanitarian tours completed, it was time for the 2012 major-league regular season to begin. The first game, on March 28, began with a solemn memorial at the Tokyo Dome. The pregame ceremony was a moving tribute to the victims and survivors of March 11, 2011. A video with Derek Jeter, Bobby Valentine, and Ripken Jr. profiled three people connected to the devastated region: Shinji Takai, a farmer in Kesennuma who restored photographs that were damaged by the tsunami; Naho Hozumi, a housewife and stay-at-home mom who became the program manager of the volunteer organization Hands on Tokyo; and Taylor Anderson, a native of Midlothian, Virginia, and a teacher in the JET Program who was one of the more than 19,000 people to perish in the disaster. Anderson’s parents, along with Takai and Hozumi, threw out the ceremonial first pitches. Members of the 296th Army Band based at Camp Zama performed on the field, and Spc. Amanda Tetreault of the 296th sang the US National Anthem. Japanese actor and singer Ryotaro Sugi performed the Japanese National Anthem.

    Ichiro made up for his 0-for-exhibition series in the first game that counted. He didn’t disappoint fans on either side of the globe, going 4-for-5 with an RBI as the Mariners won the first game, 3-1, in a briskly played 11-inning game that lasted just over three hours. “I’ve never been that nervous before,” Ichiro said in a postgame interview. “The warmth of the fans almost made me want to cry. … I felt the significance of the occasion. I knew it would only happen once in my life. I wanted to share a special moment and give something back to them.” Seattle second baseman Dustin Ackley had a 2-for-5 night with a solo home run in the fourth inning and the game-winning RBI in the top of 11th. He scored an insurance run in the same inning on Ichiro’s RBI single.

    Oakland starter Brandon McCarthy and Mariners ace Felix Hernandez practically matched each other pitch for pitch. McCarthy went seven innings, giving up six hits and one run, walking no one and striking out three; Hernandez threw eight innings, allowing a run on five hits with no walks and six strikeouts. Tom Wilhelmsen scouted the A’s well during the exhibition game he attended, as he recorded the win for the Mariners with two perfect innings. Brandon League, a yonsei (fourth generation Japanese American), earned the save.

    While Ichiro stroked four hits in the first game, the entire Mariners team could manage only three hits the next day against A’s starter Bartolo Colon. It was a pitchers’ duel between Colon and Jason Vargas; the game was scoreless until Mariners first baseman Justin Smoak led off the seventh inning with a home run. The A’s followed suit with three home runs of their own, including a two-run blast off the bat of Cuban defector Yoenis Cespedes, the first of his young major-league career. Josh Reddick and Jonny Gomes added solo shots, giving Oakland a cushion for its 4-1 victory.

    On that night Ichiro went 0-for-4, but he was still a delight for the Japanese fans, who were grateful to see the superstar play in Tokyo. “More than the four hits, it was the atmosphere,” Ichiro said. “Being able to enjoy the atmosphere with the fans. Being there with the same feeling? That was special for me. That’s what will stay with me. Seeing the fans and how they react and welcomed the players. They’re very warm-hearted. It makes you proud.”

    With the backdrop of the March 11 tragedy, the games had a level of poignancy generally not present in baseball (the Braves-Mets first game after 9/11 notwithstanding). The Opening Series in Tokyo humanized the sport and maximized the connections between the United States and Japan through the two countries’ shared love of baseball. Despite the complaints about the time difference between the two countries, it was nothing short of remarkable for Tokyo to host the major leagues’ opening series soon after the one-year anniversary of the strongest earthquake to strike Japan in its recorded history.

    Read the full article on the SABR website

    2012 MLB Opening Series: Mariners vs Athletics at the Tokyo Dome
  • End of an Era: The 2006 Aeon All-Star Series

    End of an Era: The 2006 Aeon All-Star Series

    by Coop Daley and Robert Fitts

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Coop Daley and Robert Fitts tells us about the final MLB vs NPB All-Star series.

    In March 2006 the Japanese national team, known as Samurai Japan, surprised the baseball world by winning the inaugural World Baseball Classic. Japan had finished second to South Korea in its pool in the preliminary round and barely squeaked through the second round after losing to both the United States and South Korea, but advanced to the semifinals over the US based on the tiebreaking criterion (fewer runs against per nine innings). Japan then dominated its opponents in the final games with a 6-0 rout of South Korea and a 10-6 punchout of Cuba in the final.

    The Japanese team was filled with stars from both sides of the Pacific, including NPB’s famous slugger-turned-manager, Sadaharu Oh, and MLB’s new favorite superstar, Ichiro Suzuki, who said after the final, “I didn’t care if I got injured. That’s how much I wanted to win the championship.” The main storyline for the Japanese team, however, was the dominance of 25-year-old Daisuke Matsuzaka. The right-hander was considered one of the greatest pitchers in Japanese history, celebrated for his 250-pitch, 17-inning complete game in the 1998 Koshien summer tournament, the no-hitter he pitched in the championship game just a few days later, his 1999 Rookie of the Year season, his 2001 Sawamura Award, and his 2004 Japan Series Championship with the Saitama Seibu Lions. From 1999 to 2006, he led the Pacific League in strikeouts four times, wins three times, and ERA twice. At the WBC, he dominated his international opponents, posting a 3-0 record and a 1.38 ERA over 13 innings of work. The performance garnered plenty of attention from US major-league scouts.

    In November 2006, a major-league all-star team planned to travel to Japan to continue the Nichibei Yakyu series. Many Japanese had high hopes that the Samurai would win the series for the first time since 1990. Tsuneo Watanabe, editor-in-chief of the Yomiuri Shimbun, wrote, “This spring, Japanese baseball players played for the honor of the county, and Japan eventually won the inaugural World Baseball Classic. To counter Japan, Major League Baseball, which has been proudly leading baseball all over the world, has organized the strongest team in the US-Japan baseball history this time around. It should be intriguing to see [the] fierce competition between MLB and NPB.” An MLB official said, “We have some of MLB’s best, and we are playing to win, especially after Japan won the WBC.”

    But the Japanese players did not share this enthusiasm. Many found the series redundant after the advent of the World Baseball Classic. And they resented not being paid for their participation while the visiting MLB players received bonuses for making the trip. In August the Japan Pro Baseball Players Union voted to not participate in future Nichibei Yakyu series after the already-scheduled 2008 event. “The WBC was a success, and in the future, we want games to be meaningful,” insisted union leader Shinya Miyamoto, an infielder for the Yakult Swallows. “We do not like to play games that have no meaning.”

    As a result, many of Japan’s top WBC players did not participate in the all-star series. Four of the championship team’s top five hitters were missing: Nobuhiko Matsunaka (.433/.528/.567 in 30 WBC at-bats), Akinori Iwamura (.389/.429/.500 in 18 at-bats), Ichiro Suzuki (.364/.447/.485 in 33 at-bats), and Tsuyoshi Nishioka (.355/.447/.613 in 31 at-bats). Also absent were the squad’s top three pitchers: Matsuzaka, Koji Uehara (2-0, 1.59 ERA in 17 innings pitched), and Shunsuke Watanabe (1.98 ERA in 13⅔ innings pitched).

    Matsuzaka declined to participate because the Seibu Lions had just agreed to his request to be permitted join the US major leagues. The Lions announced on November 1 that they would take bids for their ace’s contract. As most scouts considered Matsuzaka to be a frontline starting pitcher, the bidding was expected to be high. Updates and rumors dominated the sports pages, at times overshadowing the all-star series.

    David Wright, the visiting all-star team’s third baseman, was disappointed at Matsuzaka’s absence. “It’s understandable why he’s not playing, but sure, I was looking forward to it,” Wright said. “You want to face the best. But there’s a good chance that next year, I’ll be facing him or we’ll be on the same team. I’m excited for that.”

    Not even a week after the St. Louis Cardinals topped the Detroit Tigers in a five-game World Series, the MLB All-Stars hopped off the plane in Tokyo and began preparations for the games. Unlike previous years, the series would be limited to five games instead of eight.

    Owing to the quick departure after the World Series, no member of either the Cardinals or Tigers joined the team, but this proved to be no difficulty. The NL runner-up New York Mets were well-represented with third baseman Wright and shortstop Jose Reyes manning the left side of the infield while their divisional rival Philadelphia Phillies took the other side with Chase Utley at second and Ryan Howard at first. Outfielders included Andruw Jones of the Atlanta Braves, Jermaine Dye of the Chicago White Sox, and Bill Hall of the Milwaukee Brewers. The catchers were Joe Mauer of the Twins and Kenji Johjima of the Mariners. Pitchers included Los Angeles Angels ace John Lackey, the Reds’ Bronson Arroyo, Chris Capuano of the Milwaukee Brewers, and relievers Joe Nathan of Minnesota and Brian Fuentes of Colorado.

    There were also a number of role players taking advantage of the opportunity for a trip to Japan, including Mets starter John Maine. Maine had been a minor-league player just a few months before. Called up by the Mets in midseason, he posted a 6-5 record and a 3.60 ERA. Injuries to staff aces Pedro Martinez and Orlando Hernandez catapulted Maine into the Game One starter slot in the Division Series and two starts in the NL Championship Series. He rose to the occasion, pitching well in front of raucous Shea Stadium crowds, and winning Game Six of the NLCS to keep the Mets’ hopes of a World Series championship alive. Maine was not even supposed to be on the all-stars roster; he only made the team after Carlos Beltran dropped out because of a lingering injury. “That’s the way I like it, though,” Maine said of his luck. “Under the radar.”

    Wright was particularly excited about the trip, saying, “I’ve played with so many guys from Asia and the Dominican Republic that I jumped at this chance. I’ve always wanted to see what they experienced when they came over here, and now I get to put myself in their shoes. I’ll get to experience the culture, the food, everything. It’s a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, and I’ll also get some at-bats and hopefully finish the season on a strong note.”

    After working out at the Tokyo Dome on November 1, the MLB All-Stars began their tour with a warm-up game against the Yomiuri Giants the next evening. A crowd of 32,000 watched the all-stars open the scoring in the top of the third as Rafael Furcal doubled off starter Taiwanese-born Chien-Ming Chiang to drive in Chone Figgins. The Giants responded in the bottom half of the inning as Shigeyuki Furuki led off with a triple and scored on a balk by starter Chris Young. Young then surrendered a walk, a single, a double, and two sacrifice flies as Yomiuri went ahead 4-1. The Giants added two more on Shinnosuke Abe’s two-run homer to end the fifth inning up 6-2.

    Using the long ball, the Americans worked their way back into the game. Jones and Howard hit back-to-back home runs in the top of the sixth to cut the deficit to 6-4, but the Giants responded with a run in the bottom of the inning. Jones came through again with a ninth-inning leadoff homer. With the all-stars down to their final out, Mauer singled and Wright cracked a two-run shot to left, tying the game, 7-7. “I was looking for something up that I could drive, but I got a slider he left over the plate,” Wright said. “It felt great. [Being] given the opportunity to come here and represent Major League Baseball and do this in my first international competition was great.” After the Giants failed to score in the bottom of the ninth, the game ended in a 7-7 tie. “This was a great way to start the series,” MLB skipper Bruce Bochy said. “For our guys to come back like that was huge, our dugout was going nuts. We didn’t get the win but we’ll take a tie after being down three runs in the ninth.”

    Nearly 43,000 people packed the Tokyo Dome on November 3 for the first matchup between the MLB and NPB All-Stars. The Japanese crowd made their players feel right at home with the typical loud experience: songs, cheering, and plenty of revelry. It was a perfect party for the opening game, and fireworks were about to go off for both squads.

    The scoring began in the second inning as Ryan Howard doubled off starter Tetsuya Utsumi. Andruw Jones singled and the runners moved up on a wild pitch before Mauer walked to load the bases with no outs and Wright coming to the plate. Utsumi regained control, struck out Wright, and then fooled Utley, causing him to lightly tap the ball in front of the plate. Catcher Shinnosuke Abe fielded it and retired Utley at first as Howard scored behind him. Utsumi ended the inning by striking out Hall. The next inning Jermaine Dye made it 3-0 “by crushing a 1-1 off-speed pitch up in the zone into the left-center-field stands.”

    The Japan All-Stars chipped away, getting a run off starter John Lackey in the fourth on an infield hit by Yosuke Takasu, a stolen base, and an opposite-field single by Michihiro Ogasawara. “I knew that John Lackey moves his balls a lot,” said Ogasawara “so I went into the batter’s box thinking about going the other way.”

    The Japanese added another run in the seventh as Ogasawara doubled with one out and Maine walked Shuichi Murata and Abe to load the bases. Yuki Yoshimura then hit a high fly to center. Maine later told Newsday reporter David Lennon that every fly ball made him nervous. “It’s weird, because every time they hit the ball up in the air, [the fans] go crazy. It could be a pop-up 10 feet out of the infield and they go crazy.” Andruw Jones, however, easily tracked down the fly in center field as Ogasawara scored. But that was all for the Japanese as Maine retired Tomohiro Nioka to end the inning and Scot Shields and Joe Nathan closed out the game with hitless innings for the 3-2 win.

    “It was a very good ball game,” Bochy declared. “The MLB team came here and knew it would be very competitive. It’s great to see how global this game has become. It’s great for baseball.”Japanese All-Stars manager Katsuya Nomura believed the night highlighted the growing skill and power of Japanese baseball: “I’ve been in this game for 50 years. I’ve taken part in this series several times and it used to be there was a huge gap in the level of play, but it’s closing and we had a very good chance of winning this ballgame tonight.”

    With the crazy environment of a Japanese crowd, the NPB All-Stars creeping up on their MLB counterparts, and a long ball proving to be the difference-maker, the opening game was almost a perfect encapsulation of what was to come.

    After winning the 2005 NL Rookie of the Year Award, Ryan Howard captured MVP honors in his second season, smashing 59 home runs and knocking in 149 runs. When Howard headed to Japan with the MLB squad, he was seen as the next wave in phenomenal talent: a home-run hitter for a home-run-loving crowd. “Ryan Howard will not be permitted to set foot in Japan,” one Philadelphia sports columnist wrote. “The power-worshipping fans of a nation where Littleball is a fact of life and home-run hitters are venerated might be taken captive. If Hideki Matsui was nicknamed ‘Godzilla,’ what would Howard be, ‘Mothra?’”

    In the second game of the series, Howard revealed just how monstrous he could be. He put the MLB All-Stars on the scoreboard in the second inning with solo home run off starter Kentaro Nishimura. The line drive just cleared the center-field wall by a few feet. “It was an outside fastball and I was able to get a good swing at it,” Howard said. “I drove it over the fence the other way and it was good to get my team on the board.” As he “crossed the plate, a tiny boy and girl dressed in traditional kimonos bowed and handed him a small bouquet of flowers.”

    In the next inning, Howard broke a 2-2 tie with a majestic two-run homer, which came within inches of scraping the top of the dome before landing an unofficial 450 feet away in the center-field bleachers. Watching his own work for a moment, he took a few steps toward first, then pointed toward the flower-presenters, expecting an encore. “I guess they should have given me a whole bouquet for that one,” Howard said.

    While Howard may have gotten the accolades, it was another player’s special night in Tokyo. White Sox second baseman Tadahito Iguchi, who had left the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in 2005, returned to Japan with the MLB All-Stars. He was looking to make a splash for his American teammates when he took to the batter’s box in the third inning with two runners on and a chance to break the game wide open. Known for both his speed and power – he stole 15 bases and hit 15 home runs in 2005 – Iguchi was a key player on Chicago’s championship team. With runners on the corners, Iguchi doubled down the left-field line, knocking in both runners, as the Japanese crowd roared for their hometown star.

    Over the next four innings, the Japanese chipped away at the Americans’ 7-2 lead. In the bottom of the third, Tomoya Satozaki homered to cut the deficit to 7-4. In the seventh, they added another two on a walk to Naoyuki Omura, a double by Norichika Aoki, and a single by Eishin Soyogi. A solo home run by Kyle Overbay in the eighth gave MLB some breathing room as Brian Fuentes pitched a perfect ninth inning to save the 8-6 victory.

    The barrage of home runs continued the next evening in Game Three at Tokyo Dome. Aoki, one of NPB’s greatest hitters, led off the game against Erik Bedard. As a rookie in 2005, Aoki had become the first Central League player to get 200 hits in a season as he won the league’s batting title and the Rookie of the Year Award. The eight-time NPB All-Star won three batting titles during this 13-year and counting NPB career (Aoki was still active in 2022 and holds the NPB record for the highest career batting average.) From 2012 to 2017, he played for seven US major-league teams, hitting .285 in 2,716 at-bats. Aoki began the game by hammering the first pitch, a low fastball down the middle, over the right-field wall to give the NPB All-Stars their first lead of the series.

    Facing right-hander Hiroyuki Kobayashi, the MLB team had trouble getting their offense started; the 6-footer held them hitless through the first four innings. Howard, however, doubled off the center-field wall in the fifth to break up the perfect game. One out later, American League batting champion Joe Mauer’s home run to put his team up, 2-1. “Koboyashi [was] pitching a real good game,” noted Mauer. “He left the ball over the plate, and I was able to drive it.” Singles by Overbay, Wright, and Jacque Jones extended the lead to 3-1.

    The Japanese All-Stars fought back, tying the game, 3-3, in the top of the sixth, before the Americans broke the game open in the bottom of the same inning on a two-run homer by Andruw Jones. To put the icing on his Tokyo cake, in the seventh Ryan Howard smacked a three-run homer off the auxiliary board in right field, putting the Americans up 10-4 and all but sealing the deal. “I’m feeling real good about playing in Japan,” said Howard. “The balls are jumping off my bat here and I hope to keep up the good work.” The MLB team went on to win, 11-4, as Wright hit a solo home run in the eighth.

    Just as in the regular season, Wright had played second fiddle to Howard for the first three games of the tour. Wright came into the fourth game, played on November 7 in the Osaka Dome, looking to make his splash on the series. Facing Wright and his teammates was Hanshin Tiger ace Kei Igawa. Like Matsuzaka, Igawa had announced his desire to play in the majors and had asked the Tigers to post his contract after the series. Although he was not considered as talented as Matsuzuka, he was also garnering attention from US scouts. The left-hander had won both the 2003 Sawamura Award and Central League MVP Award and led the league in strikeouts three times. “He’s got a good changeup, man – nasty,” Jose Reyes told reporters. “And he can throw the ball. He throws 92, 93 MPH.”

    Perhaps nervous during this unofficial “tryout,” Igawa looked shaky, walking Reyes to lead off the game and surrendering a single to Rafael Furcal before getting out of the inning. Over six innings, he allowed two runs on five hits and six walks while striking out four. “I wasn’t really satisfied with my pitching tonight,” Igawa said. But he was pleased that he had held Ryan Howard hitless in three at-bats. “Because Ryan is my age, I didn’t want to give up any hits. I did all right against him, but I gave up hits to the other guys.”

    As Howard struggled, Wright homered in the fourth inning to put his team up 2-0. “I was looking for a fastball, but I was able to adjust to his slider. … I was able to pull it out of the park,” Wright said. “It feels good – especially the way I scuffled a bit during the NLCS – to finish the season on a positive note, come out here and feel pretty decent at the plate, hit some home runs, and get that confidence going into the offseason. But, also, we’re over here to win. We’ve got a good team. You have to feel like you’re doing your part.”

    If anyone needed to do his part, however, it was Wright’s teammate John Maine. Maine entered the game in the sixth inning with the 2-0 lead, but – having already suffered from the intensity of Japanese stadiums – seemed shaken in the covered dome. He gave up an RBI single to Shuichi Murata and a sacrifice fly to Shinnosuke Abe, allowing the NPB All-Stars to tie the score at 2-2 before he left the game after recording just two outs. Mike Myers recorded the final out and pitched a scoreless seventh.

    With the score still knotted in the eighth, Bochy needed a spark from the MLB dugout. The usual suspect came through as Howard hit a one-out solo home run over the outfield wall off reliever Kazuo Fukumori to put the Americans back on top for good. “I was just trying to make contact and the ball went out,” said Howard. “This has been a lot of fun. I know the Japanese fans like it and I’m enjoying it.” The home run unhinged Fukumori and sparked a five-run eighth for the Americans – capped by a two-run single from Reyes – as the MLB All-Stars cruised to their fourth win of the series.

    Once again outshined by Howard’s dominance, Wright didn’t seem to mind; if anything, he was more impressed than ever. “I tried to stay neck-and-neck with him in the [MLB All-Star Game’s] Home Run Derby, and he wore me out,” he said. “I’m not going to even try to do that. He’s tremendous. He’s one of a kind. So I’m not going to even try to keep pace with him, home run for home run. I can’t do it.”

    There was still one more game to play, and a chance that the MLB All-Stars could sweep the series for the first time since its inception in 1986. Boarding a plane to Fukuoka for the final game, only one player was sent to sit in coach as the rest flew first-class: John Maine. When asked why, he quipped, “Did you see the way I pitched?”

    In the final game in Fukuoka, home of the Hawks, one of Japan’s most storied franchises, the Japanese team sent out local product Tsuyoshi Wada. The Fukuoka Daiei Hawks’ left-hander was the recipient of the 2006 “Golden Spirit” award, given to the NPB player who best “exemplifies the game of baseball, sportsmanship, community involvement and the individual’s contribution to his team.” Playing in his home ballpark, Wada pitched with an absolute fire in his belly, taking a perfect game into the fifth inning.

    The Japanese jumped out to a 2-0 lead in the fourth inning as Takahiro Arai and Shuichi Murata hit solo home runs off starter John Lackey. “I grew up in Fukuoka, so it’s nice to get a hit in my hometown,” Murata said. “Their pitchers throw hard, and they can pitch to all corners, so I’m learning a lot by facing them.” But once again, Howard jump-started the MLB offense by breaking up Wada’s no-hit bid with a single to lead off the fifth and scoring on a single by Kenji Johjima. The next inning, Howard doubled with two on to tie the game before an Andruw Jones sacrifice fly put the Americans ahead, 3-2.

    The Japanese, however, did not fold. With two outs in the ninth and runners on, Naoyuki Omura, right fielder for the hometown Hawks, singled to left to tie the game. After a scoreless bottom of the ninth, for the first time in the series the game went to extra innings.

    The NPB All-Stars threated in the top of the 10th as Kazuya Fukuura singled with two outs off closer Joe Nathan and Tomoya Satozaki followed with a ground-rule double. Bochy turned to Scot Shields who retired Murata on a fly to right field to get out of the inning.

    In the bottom of the inning, Bill Hall began with a single off Hisashi Ogura. That brought up one of the Mets’ newest stars, José Reyes. Reyes had had a rough series. He was just 4-for-17 (plus 0-for-2 against Yomiuri) and he had not hit a home run. “When he hits a home run, he lets everybody know about it,” said Wright. “So after I hit my first couple, I was giving him a hard time about having no home runs.” Coming to the plate in perhaps his biggest opportunity of the tour, he was almost denied a chance to swing. “We got Hall on, and we thought maybe for a moment we were going to let [Reyes] bunt,” third-base coach Manny Acta said after the game.

    And then, “He just does his thing,” Acta said, “very José-like.”

    Reyes sent a first-pitch fastball over the right-field fence, sending the Dome into a pure frenzy. Emulating the soccer-like chants from other regions, the fans chanted his name in an endearing rhythm. “When I heard my name – ‘Jo-sé, Jo-sé’ – I felt like I was playing in Shea Stadium,” Reyes said of the home run. “It was exciting for me.”

    “I actually thought we were in Shea Stadium. I heard it way too much this year,” Howard said of the chants ringing through the dome. “It just goes to show you that baseball transcends just where we are. It’s global.”

    A series that had been defined by role players and superstars, tight finishes and home runs, rowdy crowds and uniting chants came to a close with a final “sayonara” blast. Howard was named series MVP and the players headed back home. A month later Matsuzaka came to terms with the Boston Red Sox. Not to be outdone, the Yankees signed Kei Igawa in late December. Akanori Iwamura, Hideki Okajima, and Masumi Kuwata also signed major-league contracts for the 2007 season.

    The MLB squad had become the first American team to sweep their Japanese counterparts since the 1955 Yankees. “We came all the way over here from the United States to win,” exclaimed Reyes after his sayonara home run. Although the sweep provided some revenge for Japan’s victory over the United States in the inaugural World Baseball Classic, it did not help Japan-American baseball relations. The NPB players union continued with its decision to boycott future Nichibei Yakyu exhibitions. It would be eight years until the US-Japan series restarted under a new format.

    In March 2006 the Japanese national team, known as Samurai Japan, surprised the baseball world by winning the inaugural World Baseball Classic. Japan had finished second to South Korea in its pool in the preliminary round and barely squeaked through t

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    End of an Era: The 2006 Aeon All-Star Series

  • Godzilla Returns: The 2004 MLB Opening Series in Japan

    Godzilla Returns: The 2004 MLB Opening Series in Japan

    by Robert K. Fitts

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Robert Fitts tells us about Hideki Matsui’s triumphant return to Japan with the 2004 New York Yankees.

    “The Yankees are coming! The Yankees are coming!” wrote Marty Kuehnert in the Japan Times. “If you haven’t heard, you’re not a resident who has paid even the slightest attention to TV or radio broadcasts, or print media. It’s hard to miss the news that the New York Yankees are coming to Japan. … Media reports liken it to the arrival of Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig who led a MLB All-Star team to Japan in 1934, and was the catalyst for Japanese professional baseball. … Others are saying it is even bigger … and more along the lines the arrival of U.S. Admiral Matthew Perry in 1853 which helped spur the Meiji Restoration.”

    “This is the [Yomiuri] Giants’ 70th anniversary, and also the 70th anniversary of Japanese professional baseball,” noted Kota Ishijima, head of Yomiuri’s overseas operations. “And for that 70th, who comes back? The Yankees, and our beloved son, Hideki Matsui.”

    On November 1, 2002, two days after leading the Yomiuri Giants to the Japan Series championship, Hideki Matsui announced that he would leave Japanese baseball for the major leagues. At the height of his career, he was the most popular player in Japan, outshining even all-time great Ichiro Suzuki. The 28-year-old free agent had played 10 seasons with the Giants, winning three Central League MVP Awards as he hit .304 with 332 home runs. “It was painful to tell my coaches, but my personal desire to go over there and play didn’t go away,” he told reporters at an early-morning press conference. “I’m proud to have played in Japanese baseball and I think it will reinvigorate Japanese baseball if I go over there and play well. I also think new stars will emerge in Japan.”

    The New York Yankees became early favorites to sign the slugger, nicknamed Godzilla because of acne scarring on his face and his tremendous power with the bat, and on December 19, 2002, they agreed to a three-year, $21 million deal. Although Yomiuri fans were disappointed with the news, nearly all supported Matsui’s decisions. “It’s a bit disappointing that he will be gone from Japan’s ballparks,” said Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Yasuo Fukuda. “On the other hand, there are increasingly more global major stages for Japanese players, so I feel proud in that regard. I have mixed feelings.” “I’m looking forward to seeing how many home runs he will hit in the majors,” added Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi.

    Matsui’s major-league career began on Opening Day, March 31, 2003, as he hit the first pitch he saw for an RBI single off Roy Halladay. A week later, at the Yankees’ home opener, he hit a dramatic grand slam. Although his production dipped in late April and May, he hit .394 with a 1.157 OPS in June, catapulting him into the All-Star Game as a fan-elected starter. He finished the season having played in all 163 of the Yankees’ games, hitting .287 with 16 home runs and finishing second in the American League Rookie of the Year Award voting.

    But Matsui’s true impact came off the field. “He’s not only helping us win games on the field,” Yankees general manager Brian Cashman explained, “he’s helping the business side. He generates money not just in New York for us, but overseas.” Soon after the signing, the Yankees and the Yomiuri Corporation established a joint venture called “Yomiuri YankeeNets Marketing” in Tokyo designed to attract Japanese sponsors and sell Yankees tickets to Japanese tourist agencies. “Japanese fly in on package tours from Japan to watch a three-game series in New York, buy Yankees jerseys and Matsui bobblehead dolls, then fly back,” noted Japanese baseball expert Bob Whiting. Japanese attendance at Yankee Stadium increased from around 1,000 per game in 2001 to 5,000 per game in 2003. Sales of Matsui jerseys, T-shirts, and souvenirs soared in early 2003. The Dentsu Consumer Research Center concluded that “Matsui’s overall economic effect for the New York area (including travel, hotels, restaurants, etc.) would reach $500 million for five years.” “Matsui has made a large enough impact on New York’s economy to be hired to promote it by the city’s convention and visitors bureau,” Whiting added.

    Major League Baseball decided to capitalize on Matsui’s popularity to promote the league’s brand in Japan. In mid-November of 2003, Bob DuPuy, MLB’s chief operating officer, wrote to the Yankees asking them to shift their 2004 season-opening series against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays from New York to Tokyo. The Yankees had not played in Japan since 1955 and George Steinbrenner had forbidden his players to join the major-league all-star teams traveling to the country (until 2002, when he sent Bernie Williams and Jason Giambi with the goal of wooing Matsui to the Yankees). After a few weeks of negotiations, the Yankees agreed to the trip if they could be the away team in Tokyo and the Devil Rays would play their previously scheduled first homestand against the Yankees at Yankee Stadium. But not all of the Yankees were in favor of the trip. Mike Mussina was particularly vocal in his opposition, complaining about how the trip would disrupt his routine and how the long flights could adversely affect the Yankees.

    As ballclubs, the Yankees and Devil Rays were polar opposites. New York had won 101 games in 2003, finishing first in the American League East Division, but lost a frustrating World Series to the Florida Marlins. After the season the team lost starting pitchers Roger Clemens, Andy Pettitte, and David Wells to free agency. Determined to produce a champion, the Yankees reshaped the roster through blockbuster trades and free-agent signings. In December they acquired starting pitchers Kevin Brown from the Dodgers and Javier Vazquez from the Expos. In February they traded for superstar Alex Rodriguez and took on most of his 10-year, $252 million contract – an amount that dwarfed all other sports contracts at the time. The Yankees supplemented these stars by signing All-Star free agents Gary Sheffield, Ruben Sierra, Kenny Lofton, and Tom Gordon. In all, the team opened spring training with 17 former All-Stars on the roster. When they arrived in Japan, the team’s payroll stood at $182.8 million.

    In contrast, the Devil Rays’ payroll was a measly $29.2 million. The team had finished last in the American League East for every season since its creation in 1998. Its highest-paid player was former Yankee Tino Martinez at $7.5 million, followed by Aubrey Huff at $2.66 million, although the team’s most talented player was undoubtedly 22-year-old outfielder Carl Crawford, who would emerge as a star during the 2004 season. Martinez was not the only former Yankee on Tampa’s roster. In January, the team had hired former Yankees bench coach Don Zimmer, who had a long history with Japanese baseball. Zimmer first arrived in Japan in 1956 as a 25-year-old member of the Brooklyn Dodgers. On June 23 Hal Jeffcoat had hit Zimmer in the face with a high and inside fastball, shattering his cheekbone. The severe injury ended his season, but the Dodgers took Zimmer to Japan to help him regain his form. Zimmer hit only .091 in 22 at-bats but the experience helped him rebound to become the team’s utility infielder in 1957. After leaving the majors in 1965, Zimmer played a year with the Toei Flyers. It was a tough season, both on and off the diamond. Zimmer did not adapt well to Japanese culture or cuisine and hit a measly .182 in 203 at-bats. Twenty-four years later, he returned to Japan as the manager of the 1990 major-league all-stars. Once again, Japan was unkind to Zimmer as his squad became the first American professional team to have a losing record in a postseason goodwill tour.

    The teams left Florida on separate charter flights around 5 P.M. on Thursday, March 25. After the 17-hour flight, five busloads of Yankees, including Yogi Berra and Reggie Jackson, arrived at their hotel shortly after 2 A.M. on Saturday, March 27. (The extra “day” was accounted for by their crossing the international date line.) The Devil Rays checked in about an hour later. “I went to sleep at 4,” explained Derek Jeter, “got up at 5:30. Then I went back to sleep for about an hour, ate, [and] went back to sleep for 45 minutes.”

    The jet-lagged and weary players arrived at Tokyo Dome in the early afternoon for a public workout. 34,500 fans, mostly children in baseball uniforms, “shrieked for hours” as “six aisles filled with cheerleaders wearing Yankees and Devil Rays jerseys and hot pants, shaking silver and gold pompoms,” cheered along. The kids, who were primarily there to see Matsui, “squealed with delight as the video board focused on the … star … as soon as he emerged from the third base dugout to stretch.” “We had a chance to see some of their faces when Matsui walked by,” said Jeter. “It was something special. I think it’s something they’re going to remember for the rest of their lives.”

    “Hideki is like Michael Jordan; he’s the man when it comes to Japan. … He is as big as anybody on the planet over there,” noted Jason Giambi. “It’s a little bit like the Beatles arriving in New York,” added assistant general manager Jean Afterman. “I guess it was J.F.K. who said, ‘I’m the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris.’ Well, we’re the team that’s accompanying Hideki Matsui back to Tokyo.” “[W]e are proud of Hideki as a representative of the Japanese people,” explained Gaku Tashiro of Sankei Sports. “He’s very gentle, a very good guy. Japanese fans understand what he wanted to do. I know some Giants fans love him still. I’m sure he will hear big cheers in the Tokyo Dome.”

    “Because of Hideki, other Yankees are famous now,” said Tashiro. “Japanese fans recognize who they are – Giambi, A-Rod, Jeter. They are going to have big cheers, too.” “The Yankees were like rock stars in this baseball crazy land,” the Associated Press’s Ronald Blum observed. “Everywhere they went, people looked at them with awe, as if they were larger than life creatures.” “I didn’t know what to expect,” Jeter said. “But it’s kind of amazing – you go somewhere and people recognize you. It’s kind of overwhelming, considering how far away we are.”

    After the workout, the teams, their families, and Commissioner Bud Selig joined other dignitaries at a reception thrown by Yomiuri Chairman Tsuneo Watanabe. Dressed in festive happi coats, players used baseball bats to break open sake barrels to start the party. Then, none too soon for many of the jet-lagged visitors, the players staggered back to the hotel and did their best to get a full night’s rest before the exhibition games the next day.

    The exhibition games began at noon on March 28 with the Devil Rays playing the Hanshin Tigers at Tokyo Dome. Former Yankee Hideki Irabu took the mound for the Tigers. Irabu, who had starred for the Lotte Chiba Marines, had signed a four-year, $12.8 million contract with the Yankees in 1997. Despite tantalizing flashes of brilliance, he had three disappointing seasons in New York, drawing the ire of George Steinbrenner, who called him a “fat pussy toad.” In disgrace, he was traded to Montreal after the 1999 season, where his mediocrity continued. After playing for the Texas Rangers in 2002, he returned to Japan to play for Hanshin. When a reporter asked if he wanted to see his old teammates while the Yankees were in Tokyo, Irabu curtly responded, “No, I don’t.”

    Against Tampa, Irabu once again flashed his potential brilliance. Relying on control and breaking balls instead of power, he began by striking out Carl Crawford and Julio Lugo, then retired six of the next seven batters. In six innings he scattered six hits (including two solo home runs), walked nobody, and stuck out five. “He was mixing up his pitches,” Lugo commented. “He threw some tough curves, and I couldn’t pick up his split at the beginning. I think he’s a big leaguer. He’s got great stuff.” Devil Rays manager Lou Piniella noticed, “He looked much more relaxed pitching here than he did before, especially when he pitched for the Yankees. … He seemed like he was in control of the ball game. He pitched exceedingly well.”

    Meanwhile the Tigers had little trouble with the Devil Rays’ pitching. Starter Doug Waechter lasted just three innings, giving up seven hits and a walk. The Tigers struck for three runs in the third on five singles and an error. They added two more runs in the fifth as Hanshin’s George Arias homered off Jorge Sosa and another in the sixth, giving Irabu a 6-1 lead as he left the game.

    Hanshin’s bullpen, however, could not hold the lead. Tampa scored three in the eighth as Rocco Baldelli hit a two-out, three-run homer off Tomoyuki Kubota, and tied the game, 7-7, when Lugo hit a two-run blast with two outs in the top of the ninth off Yuya Ando. After the Tigers failed to score in the bottom of the ninth, the game ended in a 7-7 tie. “That’s a good team,” Piniella said after the game. “They got good pitching and played well in the field. They’re not a power-hitting club but they hit it to all areas of the field.”

    The enthusiasm of the Hanshin fans surprised the American players. Their famous oendan (cheering club) blew their horns and whistles, pounded their drums, waved their flags, and chanted their players’ fight songs. “It was sort of, um … interesting, with the festivities going on in the stands the whole time,” said Piniella. “With the drums going and the banners, it took a while to get used to. But it was fun. It was a fun atmosphere.” “I thought it was pretty cool,” added Rocco Baldelli. “I was bobbing my head in the outfield. It was pretty catchy. … They support their team. It must be nice. Every guy that comes up for their team, regardless of if he’s coming off the bench or pitching, they’re all for him, screaming his name. That must feel pretty good as a player.”

    That evening 55,000 fans congregated at Tokyo Dome. A fair-like atmosphere pervaded the plaza in front of the main gate. In the background, the Ferris wheel at the Dome’s amusement park lit up the dark sky as the roller coaster rumbled along, occasional shrieks from the passengers clearly audible over the dull murmur of the crowd. Throngs surrounded the souvenir stands as fans bought Yankees and Giants caps and jerseys, plastic orange clapping sticks, and other mementos.

    For many Japanese fans, this night’s exhibition game between the Yankees and Giants was the most important game of the tour. “It’s not [just] an exhibition game,” explained the Giants’ American outfielder Tuffy Rhodes. “It’s an international World Series game. It’s Game 7 of the international World Series.”

    The game began with Masaichi Kaneda, Japan’s only 400-game winner, throwing out the ceremonial first pitch to catcher Yogi Berra. The two had faced each other during the 1953 Eddie Lopat and 1955 Yankees tours. The stiff-moving 71-year-old Kaneda, dressed in a gray suit with tie, bounced the pitch to Berra, who, wearing his pinstriped Yankees uniform, spryly fielded the errant throw on one hop.

    The sold-out crowd watched Yankees starter Jose Contreras take on Yomiuri’s back-of-the-rotation starter Hisanori Takahashi. To honor Matsui, Torre started him in center field and placed him in the cleanup spot, his spots when he played for Yomiuri. Both teams went down in order in the first with Contreras striking out the side.

    The fans rose to their feet and roared as Matsui came to the plate to lead off the top of the second. Blue Oyster Cult’s “Godzilla” bared over the loudspeakers. As he dug in, the ballpark sparkled as thousands of camera flashes went off. The Giants’ oendan drummers in left field banged out a rhythm: boom, boom, boom, boom-boom. The fans responded: “Home run, Mat-sui!” Home run, Mat-sui!” Boom, boom, boom, boom-boom, answered the drums. The deafening cheer continued throughout the at-bat.

    Takahashi wounded up and threw a high fastball. Ball one. Next came a wicked curve, breaking down as Matsui swung over it for a strike. He swung through the next pitch as well. One ball, two strikes. Another high fastball, Matsui checked his swing. Two and two. On the fifth pitch, Takahashi went for the outside corner, but Matsui sliced it foul. Matsui stepped out of the batter’s box, adjusted his belt, and dug back in.

    The fans grew louder, pounding their orange plastic sticks in time with the drums. The upper deck felt as though it was shaking. The chant, “Home run, Mat-sui!” intensified. On the Yankees bench Joe Torre turned to coach Rob Thomson and said, “Wouldn’t it be something if he hit a home run here?”

    Takahashi wound up and tried to sneak a 63-mph curveball by Matsui, but it hung up over the plate. Matsui connected with a loud pop, driving the pitch deep into the right-center-field bleachers. The crowd erupted as the stony-faced Matsui calmly trotted around the bases, only allowing himself to smile after he reached the safety of the crowded dugout.

    Godzilla had returned to Tokyo.

    “Knowing this guy,” backup catcher John Flaherty had told catching coach Gary Tuck, “he’ll probably go deep the first at-bat. You almost have to expect it now,” he added later. “We saw it last year when he hit the grand slam on Opening Day in New York. It’s his personality. You expect it, and he delivers.” But, “it’s hard to do,” added Jeter. “It’s hard enough to hit a home run in batting practice, let alone in a game. He’s a special player to be able to deal with all the attention and scrutiny and deliver like that.”

    Yomiuri tied the ballgame in the third, but the Yankees surged ahead in the fourth as Matsui led off with a single, an out later Giambi singled, and Posada hit a three-run homer. New York tacked on another two runs in the fifth; Jeter led off with a home run, Matsui walked and then scored as a deep drive by Giambi popped out of center fielder Tuffy Rhodes’s glove. The Giants staged a brief comeback attempt in the bottom of the ninth as a single, an error, and a groundout led to a run, but Mariano Rivera closed out the 6-2 victory. “I was really happy to receive such a warm welcome and it gave me power today,” Matsui told reporters after the game. “I just felt like I did what I was expected to do and it’s all thanks to the fans. I just want to keep playing well as the season gets started.”

    Early the next morning, the exhausted and jet-lagged Yankees straggled into Tokyo Dome to prepare for their noon game with the Hanshin Tigers. To please the 52,000 spectators, Torre started most of his regulars, but they made little difference in the game’s outcome as the Yankees’ starter, Donovan Osborne, could not hold back the Tigers’ offense.

    With the Tigers down 1-0 in the bottom of the second, George Arias led off with a single. After Takashi Toritani struck out, Osborne surrendered consecutive singles to Akihiro Yano, Atsushi Fujimoto, and Makoto Imaoka to give the Tigers a 2-1 lead. The next batter, Norihiro Akahoshi, laid down a perfect bunt for a hit as Fujimoto scored. Osborne then walked Mike Kinkade before Tomoaki Kanemoto drove in Imaoka and Akahoshi with a broken-bat single to right-center field. Arias, in his second at-bat of the inning, singled in Kinkade and Kanemoto to put Hanshin ahead 7-1.

    New York retaliated with three runs in the fourth on a two-run homer by John Flaherty and Jeter’s RBI single, and another run in the fifth on a mammoth, 521-foot Tony Clark home run to narrow the gap to 7-5. The Tigers, however, padded their lead in the fifth with an inside-the-park home run as Darren Bragg misjudged Akihiro Yano’s fly ball. After falling to the turf, the ball bounded away from Bragg as Yano circled the bases. Hanshin added three more in sixth on a three-run homer by Arias. Trailing 11-5, the Yankees attempted a two-out comeback in the top of the ninth, scoring twice before Jeff Williams closed out the game for the Tigers’ 11-7 victory.

    Matsui, who was removed after the fourth inning along with most of the Yankees stars, told reporters, “I would have loved to play more for the fans, but the opening game is tomorrow. … I feel good about how I am hitting now. … I’m looking forward to the opener tomorrow.”

    Although the game received scant coverage in the next morning’s newspapers, 47,000 fans packed Tokyo Dome in the evening to watch the Yomiuri Giants take on the Devil Rays. The game began well for the Giants as Toshihisa Nishi singled and Takayuki Shimizu walked to start the game. An out later, Yoshinobu Takahashi singled to drive in Nishi. But that ended the scoring for the home team. Tampa starter Mark Hendrickson gave up just one more hit over the next four innings before relievers Dewon Brazelton and Jesus Colome pitched four innings of shutout ball.

    Yomiuri starter Masanori Hayashi held the major leaguers scoreless, surrendering just one hit while striking out five, in three innings before Tampa took advantage of the Giants’ bullpen. In the fourth inning, the Devil Rays went ahead on a two-run home run by Jose Cruz Jr. Cruz drove in another run with a sacrifice fly in the sixth before Robert Fick drove the ball over the right-field fence with a runner on to give Tampa a 5-1 lead. The Devil Rays tacked on two more runs in the seventh to win 7-1.

    After the warm-up games, the Yankees and Devil Rays readied themselves for the start of the regular season on Tuesday, March 30.

    Following the Opening Day ceremonies, which included first pitches thrown by Japanese Prime Minister Koizumi and former New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, the 2004 major-league season began at 7:14 P.M. Tokyo time (5:14 A.M. EST). The Yankees, acting as the visiting team but wearing their home pinstripes with the addition of a three-inch sleeve patch bearing the sponsor Ricoh’s name in red, batted first against Victor Zambrano.

    The new-look Yankees’ season started off well. After Derek Jeter grounded out, Matsui ripped a fastball into the right-center-field gap for a double. Alex Rodriguez came to the plate in his first at-bat as a Yankee and struck out looking. With two outs, Jason Giambi hit a 1-and-0 pitch into the left-field stands to give New York a 2-0 lead.

    Mike Mussina took the mound for New York. Even after arriving in Japan, he continued to carp about the trip. Suffering from jet lag, he had not slept well, and rather than seeing Tokyo had cloistered himself in his hotel room except for “three quick trips for food.” He later told reporters that he had “subsisted mostly on Ritz crackers and chips.” “It’s a mindset,” Gary Sheffield commented. “If you think negative, it’s going to be negative. If you think you’re tired, you know you’re going to be tired.”

    Although the game started out well for Mussina as he retired the Devil Rays in order in the first, Torre noted that “Mussina wasn’t as sharp as he can be.” He gave up two hits in the second inning and another in the third before Tampa Bay tied the game in the fourth as Mussina walked Cruz and Martinez ahead of a two-run, broken-bat single by Toby Hall.

    The score remained deadlocked until the sixth, when Rodriguez and Sheffield both doubled to put New York ahead 3-2. The lead, however, did not last long as Cruz led off the bottom of the inning with a homer to right. Martinez then doubled off his old teammates before Julio Lugo followed with a double to deep center field, scoring Martinez. Hall stroked another double to score Lugo, giving the Devil Rays a 5-3 lead, which chased Mussina from the game. Tampa Bay scored three more in the bottom of the seventh on an RBI single by Huff and a Martinez home run to seal an 8-3 victory.

    The upset headlined sports pages across the United States: “Yankees Look Lost in Tokyo”; “Tampa Too Much”; “Sluggish Yanks Roughed Up.” “We looked flat,” said Yankees special adviser Reggie Jackson. “But how do you look good when you give up 15 hits? You don’t look good. You don’t pitch good, you don’t look good. … If we lose tomorrow we won’t be in a 747 going home. It will be B&O, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.”

    The following evening Kevin Brown took the mound for the Yankees against Geremi Gonzalez. Brown struggled early as Carl Crawford led off the bottom of the first with a single, stole second, and two outs later came home on Aubrey Huff’s single. But Brown settled down and shut out the Devil Rays for the next six innings, surrendering just four more hits before leaving the game after throwing just 77 pitches. “He was awesome,” exclaimed Jorge Posada after the game. “He got a lot of one- and two-pitch ground-ball outs, and that’s why he was in the game so long. He got better and he got stronger. He’s got very good movement on his pitches, a lot of depth, and that’s why he got a lot of ground balls.”

    Tampa Bay maintained its 1-0 lead until the top of the third when Lofton singled with two outs and stole second before Gonzalez walked Jeter. Matsui then knocked Gonzalez’s first pitch into right field, scoring Lofton. With runners at the corners, Rodriguez came to the plate with a chance to put the Yankees to top but instead grounded to third to end the inning.

    The next inning, New York took the lead as Tony Clark hit a two-run homer into the right-center-field seats. With one out and one on in the fifth, Matsui padded the score by slamming an 89-mph fastball over the right-field wall. Giambi was then hit by a pitch and Sheffield walked before Posada homered to put the Yankees ahead 8-1. They added four more runs in the seventh on five hits capped by Posada’s second homer of the night.

    At the end of the 12-1 Yankees victory, Matsui was declared the star of the game (despite Posada’s two home runs and six RBIs). In a ceremony held at home plate, Godzilla received a samurai helmet. He held the prize aloft “slowly turning his body as if he were a figurine in a music box as 55,000 fans chanted his name.” “Hopefully, we can have many more games like this,” he said during the ceremony. “I’m the happiest man in the world.”49 “He’s unbelievable,” said Posada. “He can come home and do all the things he did in front of people waiting for him to do it. That’s tough to do.”

    The two teams left Japan the next morning, arriving back in Florida on Thursday, April 1. Most of the players enjoyed the trip. “This town’s fun,” said Jason Giambi about Tokyo. “You’ve got to experience this town. It’s like Vegas and New York rolled into one.” Some sampled the nightlife in Roppongi, bought electronics in Akihabara, dined on sushi and sake, explored the city. “Tokyo is a beautiful city to visit,” concluded Lou Piniella. “I was shocked that there’s no trash,” said Derek Jeter. “Even though there’s thousands and thousands of people, millions of people, walking the streets, there is no trash. That was amazing to me.” “I don’t like being in a plane such a long time,” said Julio Lugo. “But to tell you the truth, it was worth it … to come over here. I had a nice experience. I love it. I love the fans here. I think they’re great.”

    From a marketing perspective, the trip was an overwhelming success. Matsui’s heroics and modest demeanor increased the popularity of the already popular New York Yankees. “[Matsui] did an unbelievable job of handling everything he’s had to go through over here,” observed Kevin Brown. “He’s so completely focused and comfortable. You tip your hat for a very professional effort.” “It’s mission accomplished as far as the state of the game,” added Rodriguez. “When you talk about growing the game, I think the New York Yankees can do that better than any other team in the world.”

    But not everyone praised the endeavor. In a vitriolic condemnation of the Opening Day tour, Thomas Boswell of the Washington Post objected to the early start times and blatant commercialism. Calling the trip “baseball’s grab-a-yen travesty,” he wrote:

    How trashy can baseball get? This Opening Day was surely a tip-off. … Baseball’s traditional spring showcase game – one of its supposed jewels – has now shared the same pre-dawn TV time slot as “this channel is not yet available” and a religious infomercial.

    The start of the baseball season is supposed to be a spirit-lifting American institution, an announcement of spring. Instead, what may be remembered from this game was that, for the first time in big league history, the players themselves were used as human billboards. … [R]ight there on the Yankees hats and jerseys – the ones that are considered too elegantly traditional to have the players’ own names on the back – were garish ads for various companies, both in English and in Japanese kanji.

    Let’s hope those Japanese fans bought plenty of Hideki Matsui bobble-head dolls because the price baseball paid to sell more trinkets and TV ads in Asia was high – in self-respect.

    The editors of the Japan Times, however, argued that Boswell had missed the more important issue. “[Boswell’s] displeasure strikes us as misplaced and unfortunate. … The truth is, baseball may be America’s national pastime, as it is Japan’s and some other countries’ as well, but the game’s future is a global one. … It makes sense to celebrate that fact rather than alternatively deny and decry it. Besides, … to watch the Japanese fans joyously root for an American team (the Yankees, of course, along with revered Hideki Matsui) is to realize the potential of sports as an instrument of friendship.”

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    https://sabr.org/journal/article/godzilla-returns-the-2004-mlb-opening-series-in-japan

  • The 2004 MLB All-Stars Tour of Japan

    The 2004 MLB All-Stars Tour of Japan

    by Trevor Raichura

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Trevor Raichura tells us MLB-Japan All-Star series.

    It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. One of the longest droughts in baseball history came to an end in 2004 when the Boston Red Sox won their first World Series since 1918. With that victory, a new age was dawning. One in which even the Chicago Cubs could start hoping for a title of their own sooner rather than later. (And it came, in 2016.)

    However, on the other side of the ocean, Nippon Professional Baseball experienced one of the most trying, core-changing seasons in its history. Two Pacific League teams, the Orix BlueWave and the Kintetsu Buffaloes, reached an agreement to merge at season’s end, leaving an imbalance (five teams) in league structure.

    The players, voicing concern over the potential ramifications of this merger (one possibility floating around was a reduction from 12 to 8 teams in a single-league format), went on strike for two days. (This was the first and only strike in NPB history.) However, instead of downsizing, the league searched for a corporation to form an expansion team. The two main candidates were Livedoor, an internet company, and Rakuten, a commerce conglomerate owned by Hiroshi Mikitani, which won the right to join NPB, forming the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in 2005.

    Amid the restructuring of the league came the announcement that interleague play would begin during the coming season, a draft scandal, and rumors of a second merger between two more flailing Pacific League franchises. On top of this, Japan was coming out of 2004 still feeling the sting of losing their semifinal match against unheralded Australia at the Summer Olympics in Athens. They would ultimately take the Bronze, but it was a disappointing finish for a nation expecting to contend for the Gold.

    The 2004 Japan All-Star Series was more than just a feel-good series of friendly games between star players from two baseball organizations. Japan yearned to show it belonged in the conversation of baseball juggernauts. It needed to assure its fan base that the health of its de facto national sport was sound as well. And so, when the MLB representatives came to play eight games in 10 days at five domed stadiums across Japan, winning was actually important to one of the teams.

    The 28 major leaguers comprised 19 Americans, 3 Venezuelans, 2 Dominicans, 2 Puerto Ricans, and 2 Japanese – Kazuhisa Ishii and Akinori Otsuka, who had played the previous season with the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Diego Padres respectively.

    The All-MLB Roster

    • Pitchers: Kiko Calero (St. Louis Cardinals), Roger Clemens (Houston Astros), Kazuhisa Ishii (Los Angeles Dodgers), Ray King (St. Louis Cardinals), Scott Linebrink (San Diego Padres), Kyle Lohse (Minnesota Twins), Jason Marquis (St. Louis Cardinals), Akinori Otsuka (San Diego Padres), Jake Peavy (San Diego Padres), Mark Redman (Oakland Athletics), Chris Reitsma (Atlanta Braves), Francisco Rodriguez (Anaheim Angels), Scot Shields (Anaheim Angels), Dontrelle Willis (Florida Marlins)
    • Catchers: Johnny Estrada (Atlanta Braves), Victor Martinez (Cleveland Indians)
    • Infielders: Hank Blalock (Texas Rangers), Alex Cora (Los Angeles Dodgers), Marcus Giles (Atlanta Braves), David Ortiz (Boston Red Sox), Jack Wilson (Pittsburgh Pirates), Michael Young (Texas Rangers)
    • Outfielders: Moisés Alou (Chicago Cubs), Miguel Cabrera (Florida Marlins), Carl Crawford (Tampa Bay Devil Rays), Manny Ramirez (Boston Red Sox), Vernon Wells (Toronto Blue Jays), Brad Wilkerson (Montreal Expos)
    • Coaching Staff: Bruce Bochy (San Diego Padres), Jim Colborn (Los Angeles Dodgers), Pat Corrales (Atlanta Braves), Bill Robinson (Florida Marlins)

    Note: Albert Pujols (Cardinals), Alfonso Soriano (Rangers), Miguel Tejada (Orioles), and LaTroy Hawkins (Cubs) were selected but did not participate due to injury.

    The All-NPB Roster

    • Pitchers: Nagisa Arakaki (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Ryota Igarashi (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), Kei Igawa (Hanshin Tigers), Hirotoshi Ishii (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), Takeharu Kato (Yokohama Bay Stars), Hiroyuki Kobayashi (Chiba Lotte Marines), Hisashi Iwakuma (Kintetsu Buffaloes), Daisuke Matsuzaka (Seibu Lions), Koji Mise (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Koji Uehara (Yomiuri Giants), Shunsuke Watanabe (Chiba Lotte Marines), Kazuo Yamaguchi (Orix BlueWave), Yukiya Yokoyama (Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters)
    • Catchers: Shinnosuke Abe (Yomiuri Giants), Atsuya Furuta (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), Kenji Johjima (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks)
    • Infielders: Kazuya Fukuura (Chiba Lotte Marines), Hirokazu Ibata (Chunichi Dragons), Makoto Imaoka (Hanshin Tigers), Akinori Iwamura (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), Hiroyuki Nakajima (Seibu Lions), Toshihisa Nishi (Yomiuri Giants), Michihiro Ogasawara (Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters)
    • Outfielders: Norihiro Akahoshi (Hanshin Tigers), Takahiro Saeki (Yokohama Bay Stars), Shigenobu Shima (Hiroshima Toyo Carp), Hitoshi Tamura (Yokohama Bay Stars), Kazuhiro Wada (Seibu Lions)
    • Coaching Staff: Sadaharu Oh (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Takao Obana (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Hiromasa Arai (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks)

    Note: Fan selections Kosuke Fukudome (Chunichi Dragons), Yoshinobu Takahashi (Yomiuri Giants), Tsuyoshi Shinjo (Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters), Nobuhiko Matsunaka (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Tomohiro Nioka (Yomiuri Giants), Hiroki Kokubo (Yomiuri Giants), plus manager selection Tadahito Iguchi (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks) did not participate due to sickness and/or injury.

    Starting on November 5, 2004, the two teams played three games in three days at Tokyo Dome. They took a day off to travel to Fukuoka, located in southwestern Japan. After a single game there, they migrated east to Osaka for a game the next day. The very next day they flew up to the northernmost island of Hokkaido to play a game in Sapporo. Then it was down to Nagoya in central Japan, followed by a day of rest. The series wrapped up where it started, in Tokyo, on November 14.

    Game 1: November 5, Tokyo Dome

    Among those in attendance were Japanese-born major-league players Kazuo Matsui (New York Mets), Tomo Ohka (Montreal Expos), and Shingo Takatsu (Chicago White Sox). Also celebrating the opening of the tournament was the US ambassador to Japan, Howard H. Baker Jr., who said the tour was beginning to take on an atmosphere similar to the World Series in recent years.

    Much of the focus in this game was on MLB starter Roger Clemens, who at age 42 had already won six Cy Young Awards in his illustrious career. It took the NPB All-Stars until the bottom of the fifth inning to open the scoring with two runs (one earned) off Clemens. Japanese shortstop Hirokazu Ibata said after the game that Clemens felt a lot closer to home plate than regular pitchers do because of his intimidating size. Kenji Johjima said Clemens was beyond the realm of good pitchers: His fastball was fast, his forkball was amazing, and he was grateful to just make contact with his pitches. Clemens left the game before finishing the fifth inning, much to his dismay. He said it was hard for him to figure out the hitters, with this being his first time ever facing them, but that, all things considered, he felt he had done well.

    The major leaguers, who had been stymied by starter Koji Uehara up to this point, put up three runs in the top of the sixth. David Ortiz singled home Carl Crawford and Hank Blalock, and the pinch-runner for Ortiz, Brad Wilkerson, scored on Vernon Wells’s sacrifice fly. Ortiz said he had noticed that Uehara’s forkball was coming in low on other batters, but the one he got hold of stayed up in the zone. That said, he felt that if Uehara were able to adjust to the major league strike zone and get ahead in counts, he would have no problems succeeding in America.

    The MLB All-Stars put up four more runs in the top of the seventh on five singles and a walk, all coming against Kazuo Yamaguchi, to win 7-2. Kiko Calero earned the win by completing the fifth inning for Clemens.

    After the game, Clemens said, “I really enjoyed it but I was surprised that the crowd was more quiet compared to last time I visited here (1992).” Manager Bruce Bochy said Ortiz was the spark plug that helped his team overcome a two-run deficit, and that they would need to keep playing this way in order to win more games in this series. Japanese manager Sadaharu Oh said he had hoped his team would win while the major leaguers were still adjusting to Japan, but that they would need to hit better. He also had high praise for the MLB hitters’ bat speed.

    This game was of added interest because Uehara grew up idolizing Clemens and even attended Game Three of the 2004 National League Championship Series in Houston, for which Clemens was the Astros’ starter. “There was a lot I could learn by watching the game live. But I would not have gone all that way if I wasn’t also interested in pitching there someday,” Uehara said. The two were able to sit down and talk to each other on November 3 when the MLB team arrived in Japan, and Clemens signed a jersey and gave it to Uehara. “I have never before and will probably never again pay that much attention to how another pitcher goes about his business on the mound during the game,” an awestruck Uehara said after the game. “I have tried to model my own form after his. The signed uniform will get framed and hung in my house.”

    Game 2: November 6, Tokyo Dome

    The first-ever Japanese major-league player, left-handed pitcher Masanori Murakami, threw out the ceremonial first pitch while wearing a San Francisco Giants uniform. The 60-year-old commented that he was looking forward to seeing a lot of good games in the series.

    The scoring in this seesaw battle began in the bottom of the first with Carl Crawford’s leadoff home run off starter Shunsuke Watanabe. The NPB All-Stars responded with Norihiro Akahoshi’s two-run triple in the top of the second.

    The MLB team tied the game in the bottom of the frame, as Brad Wilkerson doubled Vernon Wells home. David Ortiz then hit the most talked-about home run of the entire tour in the bottom of the fourth, taking Watanabe deep to right. The estimated distance of his home run was 160 meters (525 feet). “I knew when I hit it that I got all of it,” Ortiz said. “I thought for a second that it might land in the Dominican (Republic). It was a 3-and-0 count, maybe he didn’t think I would swing. He’s not exactly like (MLB reliever) Takatsu, but pitchers like him who have an unorthodox delivery are hard to hit. But I saw the ball well, and he threw it right down the middle, so [hitting a home run] is to be expected.” Watanabe took the blow in stride, commenting, “It felt like he hit that ball almost twice the length of the stadium. You can’t make any mistakes against these guys.” He was even a little self-deprecatory, joking, “It actually felt good to be part of one of the best home runs ever hit.”

    The talk about Ortiz’s home run did not end there. Carl Crawford said, “If that building had not been a dome, there is no telling how far it would have traveled.” Daisuke Matsuzaka speculated that if they had used NPB regulation balls, which were livelier than MLB balls, the home run could have traveled more than 180 meters (590 feet). Bruce Bochy said it was the longest home run he had ever seen. Furthermore, Hirotoshi Ishii, who later in the game struck Ortiz out, said, “He looked mad at the end when I did not challenge him with my fastball. But I took the matchup seriously and after seeing what he did to the last fastball he faced, I could not dare to throw him another one.”

    With the Japanese down a run in the top of the fifth, Akahoshi scored on Akinori Iwamura’s single to tie the game, 3-3. After the game, Bochy had high praise for Akahoshi: “He’s an exciting player. Just like Crawford, he is able to make a difference with his speed and his bat. Very impressive.”

    The game was decided in the bottom of the eighth, as Victor Martinez and Wilkerson hit back-to-back RBI singles to help their team win 5-3. Said Ortiz: “We came here to win. We’re still a little tired, but we’re going to keep on playing hard.”

    Kyle Lohse started for the MLB team, surrendering three runs in 4⅔ innings. “We’re playing in (Hideki) Matsui’s home country. We have to be careful and throw well,” he commented postgame.

    The win went to Chris Reitsma, who pitched a clean eighth inning. Sadaharu Oh said that despite his team having a chance to win, the MLB squad was playing hard, too. He was glad that it was not a one-sided affair and hoped his team would do better the next day. As for Ortiz’s home run, he said with a smile, “It was perfect. His batting is all about power.”

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    The 2004 MLB All-Stars Tour of Japan
  • Korea’s Senior-Junior Culture, From Obedience to Respect

    Korea’s Senior-Junior Culture, From Obedience to Respect

    by Sion Ahn

    18.44 meters. The distance between the mound and home plate. Unlike a pitch thrown by a pitcher, which reaches the catcher in the blink of an eye, it took a long time for the hearts of seniors and juniors to reach one another. That was because of the senior-junior culture represented by school years and class cohorts. In Korean baseball in the past, senior-junior culture also became a justification for violence that suppressed individuals and enforced team discipline.

    On March 21, 1979, Yonsei University lost 4-2 to Dongguk University in a college baseball tournament. A pitcher named Chul-soon Park started the game and gave up two runs, and then a pitcher named Dong-won Choi came in and gave up two more, allowing four runs in total. These two pitchers would later become legendary figures in the KBO. After the loss, the upperclassmen on the Yonsei University baseball team gathered the underclassmen together. In a session meant to look back on the game, the seniors beat the juniors in the name of disciplining them. At that gathering, Chul-soon Park struck Dong-won Choi with a baseball bat. As a result, Dong-won Choi suffered a serious back injury that left his underwear soaked with blood and required two weeks of treatment. Later, this injury would put the brakes on Dong-won Choi’s professional career and become one of the causes of his early retirement. It was later revealed that this violence against juniors had not happened only once, but had also occurred after a previous practice game and after a game against Korea University the year before. Years later, Chul-soon Park chose this as the incident he regretted most in his life. But it reflected the dark side of the atmosphere of the times, when violence was tolerated if it was for the sake of victory, and of a senior-junior culture in which it was not seen as strange for seniors to punish juniors in the name of discipline.

    The team discipline of the Haitai Tigers in the 1980s and 1990s, the predecessor of today’s KIA Tigers, was also famously fierce. Unlike today, Korean professional baseball at the time was based on a strong regional franchise system. The Tigers, located in the Honam region, had an overwhelming number of players from Honam, and this created a powerful bond that could not be found anywhere else. From a distance, the close bond within the team seemed to reduce disputes or conflict among players. But when behavior violated the rules between seniors and juniors, beatings and physical punishment would immediately follow. Juniors had to prepare the field and snacks before games, and it is said that they could even be slapped if they laughed during practice when the team mood was bad. On top of that, there were various forms of discipline, such as gatherings after games and fanning cigarette smoke away from seniors when they smoked. There were even separate “discipline chiefs” who strongly controlled this atmosphere.

    As an extension of this atmosphere, unwritten rules also emerged in Korean baseball. Korean baseball has unwritten rules that include not only respect for the opposing team and its players, but also respect for seniors. For example, when pitchers hit a senior player at bat with a pitch, if they do not bow and apologize, they are seen as players without manners toward seniors. Conversely, if a junior batter is hit by a pitch thrown by a senior pitcher and shows discomfort, it is taken as a challenge to the senior, and the atmosphere in the ballpark pushes the junior into the position of being a rude player. In addition, when a junior hits a home run off a pitch thrown by a senior pitcher, celebrating too much or running the bases slowly is also seen as an act that does not respect the senior. In this way, the dark side of senior-junior culture forced freedom of expression into the frame of “manners” and gave birth to new unwritten rules.

    The wind of change began to blow through this vertical culture in Korean baseball because of players who started to see the role of seniors not as “domination,” but as “support.” Players who disliked having trained under a dominating atmosphere tried, once they reached the position of seniors, to lead their teams in a different atmosphere. Historically, seniors led teams through fear and power. Now, they lead through a kind of leadership that passes their experience and strengths on to juniors. Unlike the past, when seniors gathered everyone together and used violence over every mistake made by juniors, seniors now approach juniors directly, talk to them so that they can come to realizations on their own, and offer advice.

    Korean baseball no longer moves under a strict and rigid atmosphere. It does not kill individuality, suppress freedom, or force only one person’s way on everyone else. Shin-soo Choo and Kwang-hyun Kim take juniors overseas and help them train, while Hyun-jin Ryu personally covers the cost of juniors’ overseas training and asks them to actively ask questions. In this way, seniors are instead approaching juniors directly.

    Furthermore, there are no longer juniors who find it difficult even to ask questions because they are afraid of seniors. Instead, there are now many juniors who directly ask about seniors’ strengths, learn from them, and try to make those strengths their own. Juniors ask directly about pitching methods, hitting know-how, and situational judgment, and they try to receive those skills. This attitude among juniors has raised not only the level of teams, but also the overall standard of the league. In this way, seniors in Korean baseball today have become not figures who block the growth of juniors and feel jealous of them, but figures who actively support juniors so that they can grow.

    Korean baseball has evolved from an atmosphere of “obedience,” born from the darkness of past senior-junior culture, into “respect” for one another. Dong-won Choi’s back, injured by a senior, hurt terribly, and the hit-by-pitches that could not even be expressed because of senior-junior relationships hurt as well. But healthy communication, achieved without simply passing those pains down unchanged, has given the next generation of leading figures in Korean baseball both strong ability and a better atmosphere.

  • The 2000 All-Star Series in Japan

    The 2000 All-Star Series in Japan

    by Dave Wilkie

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week DAVE WILKIE tells us about the 2000 MLB vs Japan All-Star Series.

    Japanese baseball was front and center as the excitement of the new millennium kicked off with an unprecedented Opening Day celebration and ended with a matchup between two star-studded teams battling for world baseball supremacy. Between these two major events, Japan’s greatest closer would win the American League’s Rookie of the Year Award, and the first full-time position player would attempt to make the jump from Japanese superstar to major-league legend.

    Japan has a long history of hosting American baseball teams, including many prominent White major-league and Black Negro League teams from the past. In 1986 a new competition began, pitting major-league All-Stars against NPB All-Stars in a biennial series that continued in this form until 2006. (The 1994 matchup was canceled because of the US players strike.) There were 11 such events and by the 2000 version the dominance of the major leaguers had been firmly established.

    Setting the stage for the 2000 All-Star Series was the major leagues’ first Opening Day ever played outside of North America, pitting the New York Mets against Sammy Sosa’s Chicago Cubs. Sosa was an icon in Japan thanks to his visit in 1998 when he launched three home runs, batted a sensational .481, and ran away with the series MVP award. It didn’t hurt that Japanese slugging superstar Hideki Matsui of the Yomiuri Giants was also one of Sosa’s biggest fans. After Matsui slugged a home run in front of his counterpart in an exhibition game before the Opening Day series, he said, “It’s good to hit a home run in front of Sammy because he taught me how to bat last year.” Matsui’s praise for Sosa didn’t stop there. He added, “I learned a lot from Sammy Sosa about hitting technique.” Matsui had performed well in the previous two Japan All-Star Series and was once again set to compete in the 2000 contest. Hideki “Godzilla” Matsui had already proven his dominance in Japan and he was paving the way for his eventual jump to the major leagues.

    The two-game Opening Day series marked the first time major-league baseball played games that counted in Japan and the players were wary of the 16-hour flight and how it might affect the first few weeks of the season. Some 55,000 watched as the teams split the two games, played on March 29 and 30. Commissioner Bud Selig hoped that this series would be a stepping stone to a future in which American teams would be pitted against their Japanese rivals to determine a true world series champion. Baseball ambassador and lifelong Dodgers luminary Tommy Lasorda agreed when he stated, “I wouldn’t be surprised if sometime soon – not in my lifetime, ’cause I’m too old – the winner of the American World Series would play the winner of the Japanese World Series. I think that would be fantastic.” Lasorda, along with Hall of Famers Hank Aaron and Ernie Banks, also made the trip to Japan.

    The fall’s All-Star Series consisted of eight games, played between November 3 and November 12, in five Japanese cities. Although the tour was planned months in advance, the major league roster was announced just a week before the trip. The squad of 15 position players and 13 pitchers included Barry Bonds, Roberto and Sandy Alomar, Carlos Delgado, Jeff Kent, Gary Sheffield, Randy Johnson, and Kazuhisa Sasaki.

    At the helm for the Major League All-Stars was future Hall of Fame manager Bobby Cox who brought a powerhouse team with him to Japan.Highlights from his managerial career included four Manager of the Year Awards, 15 divisional titles, and a World Series championship with the Atlanta Braves in 1995. He was also famously ejected from 165 games, by far the most by any manager in major-league history. Cox had this to say about his team’s preparation and the long flight to Japan from the States: “We hadn’t played in a long time, but we had three excellent workouts. Today everybody felt pretty good. If we had to play yesterday, that would have been tough, but the second day’s not bad.”

    The Japanese team consisted of most of the country’s top stars with the notable exception of Ichiro Suzuki, who sat out the series as he negotiated a move to the major leagues. The roster included Hideki Matsui, Kenji Johjima, Tsuyoshi Shinjyo, Atsuya Furuta, and So Taguchi. Japanese baseball god and the country’s most popular star, Shigeo Nagashima, was set to manage the first two games for the Japanese team. Mr. Baseball, as Nagashima was called in Japan, had just guided the legendary Yomiuri Giants to a six-game victory over the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in Japan’s version of the World Series, the Japan Series. Making the victory even sweeter, he triumphed over his old rival and teammate, the world’s all-time home run king, Sadaharu Oh. Oh would take over the managerial duties for the Japanese All-Stars for the third game of the series. Nagashima and Oh won nine straight Japan Series titles between 1965 and 1973 as Yomiuri Giants teammates and played together for a remarkable 16 seasons. Their personalities were like night and day, though, with Nagashima playing the role of the movie star. He was animated, good looking and humorous, and played the game with a joyous abandon. Oh, on the other hand, was a baseball samurai, aikido- and kendo-trained and far more robotic in his approach to the game. He also slugged 868 home runs, far outpacing his American peers, Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth. But Oh would always live in Nagashima’s shadow, as Lou Gehrig would live in Babe Ruth’s. The Hawks took the first two games of the Japan Series, but then the mighty Giants swept the next four to secure the championship led by Mr. Baseball and Godzilla, who took home the series MVP honors.

    Game 1 in the Japan/Major League All-Star Series was set for November 3, and New York Met Jay Payton was the only returning player from the Opening Day festivities. Payton’s Mets were coming off a World Series loss to the New York Yankees. Payton had played well, appearing in all five games and hitting .333 with a home run and three RBIs. He seemed excited to be back in Japan, exclaiming, “It’s nice because I started the season here and I’m finishing up here.” Payton placed third in the National League Rookie of the Year voting and continued his success in Game 1 of the All-Star Series, going 2-for-4 with an RBI in the MLB All-Stars’ 8-5 triumph. Japan’s starting pitcher, Hisanori Takahashi was tagged for six earned runs in three innings and took the loss. Takahashi was coming off a stellar rookie season for the champion Yomiuri Giants that saw him go 9-6 with a 3.18 ERA. Takahashi also shined with a Game 5 shutout against the Daiei Hawks in the Japan Series that year but didn’t have his stuff against the Major League All-Stars, serving up home run balls to Roberto Alomar, Sheffield, and Delgado before exiting the game. Takahashi would get his chance in the major leagues, pitching well in 2010 and 2011 until age got the best of him. Kazuhiro Sasaki pitched a perfect ninth for the Major League All-Stars to earn the save and Bonds chipped in with the team’s fourth home run.

    Takeshi Yamasaki had a fine game for the Japanese All-Stars, going 2-for-3 with two runs scored, a double, and a walk. In 1987, as an 18-year-old, Yamasaki played for the Los Angeles Dodgers’ Gulf Coast League team before returning to Japan full-time. He was unable to record a hit in 10 at-bats for the Dodgers farm club, but etched out a solid career in the Japanese leagues, smashing 403 home runs and driving in 1,215 runs in a career spanning 25 years. After belting two hits in the opener of the series, Yamasaki slumped and failed to record another hit, going 0-for-10 the rest of the way.

    In what must have felt like an uphill climb for the Japanese team they faced 6-foot-10 left-handed fireball pitching ace Randy Johnson in Game 2 of the series. The Big Unit was coming off a 19-7 season with the Arizona Diamondbacks in which he struck out a mind-boggling 347 batters in 248⅔ innings. Japan’s 5-foot-7 leadoff hitter, Toshihisa Nishi, stepped to the plate against Johnson in the top of the third inning. Nishi was also a member of the title-winning Yomiuri Giants, stroking .360 in the Japan Series, and was named to his second all-star squad for the 2000 season. Nishi was best known for his defense at second base and won four consecutive Gold Gloves between 1999 and 2002. (After his career in Japan ended, he signed with the Lancaster (Pennsylvania) Barnstormers, an independent Atlantic League team, becoming their first Japanese player in a strange ending to his professional career.) Nishi laced a double to right center, scoring Kenji Johjima, to put Japan on the board. Johnson lasted only three innings, leaving down 2-1, but registered seven strikeouts in his brief outing.

    The game was tied going into the bottom of the ninth, after Japan tied the score with three runs on five hits in the top of the fifth inning. Unfortunately for Japan, usually reliable closer Masahide Kobayashi gave up a walk-off “sayonara” home run to light-hitting shortstop Omar Vizquel.

    Japan’s bats finally came alive in Game 3 as the team pounded out eight runs in the first two innings off shell-shocked MLB starter Livan Hernandez. It was a balanced attack as all nine starters managed at least one hit. Sadaharu Oh took over the managerial reigns for the Japanese club on this occasion. Tatsuhiko Kinjo was the game’s star. Kinjo’s 2000 rookie season was one for the ages as the infielder pounded the ball at a .346 clip, capturing the Central League batting title and rookie of the year honors in the process. Kinjo was drawing comparisons to perennial batting champ Ichiro Suzuki at the time, but ultimately he would never live up to these lofty expectations, partially due to an ongoing battle with his weight. His Game 3 performance included rapping out four hits in four at-bats, scoring three runs and driving in two in Japan’s 20-hit attack. Kinjo commented on his showing. “I had confidence I could play good defense, but I was happy I hit so well. It’s nice that the major leaguers now know my name.” In addition to Kinjo’s heroics, Nishi recorded his second straight three-hit game and both Hideki Matsui and Tsuyoshi Shinjo had three hits. The final score was 14-2 as Japan’s bullpen held the MLB squad scoreless for the last six innings.

    Kazuhiro Sasaki, in his first year with the Seattle Mariners, was named the American League Rookie of the Year on the day off between Games 3 and 4, although the 32-year-old had spent the previous 10 seasons as Japan’s top closer and all-time saves leader. Sasaki was the second-oldest player to win the award – Negro League great Sam Jethroe was 33 when he won the award in 1950 –and the second Japanese player to win it after Hideo Nomo in 1995. Sasaki had this to say about the honor. “I did not think I was going to receive this award because I did play in Japan for ten years.” He also spoke about how the Japanese leagues compared to US major-league baseball. “It is very difficult to say, but I can tell you the level of baseball in America and Japan are very different. America is definitely higher. The level in Japan is coming along.” Sasaki had four very good seasons with the Mariners, but homesickness led him back to Japan in 2004 when he walked away from the final year of his contract and $8.5 million to be with his family. For his many accomplishments, Kazuhiro Sasaki was inducted into Japan’s Hall of Fame in 2014.

    The rules laid out before the series dictated that all games would be limited to nine innings and this came into play in the fourth game of the competition. Japan led, 2-1, after seven innings, but the MLB All-Stars tied it up in the eighth on Payton’s triple and Bonds’ RBI single. That was the extent of the scoring and the game ended in a 2-2 tie. Starting pitcher Tomohiro “Johnny” Kuroki was the standout for the Japan team, hurling five innings and allowing just three hits and one earned run. Kuroki added eight strikeouts before leaving the game up 2-1. Kuroki, a fan favorite of the Chiba Lotte Marines, was plagued by injuries throughout his career and retired seven years later at the age of 33. In 2013 Kuroki was the pitching coach for the Nippon Ham Fighters when 18-year-old Shohei Ohtani made his debut. Kuroki coached him for five years and had this to say about his star pupil in 2018: “A player like that is a treasure. He has a chance to make history and the entire Fighters organization worked to help him get there. But the person who worked the hardest was him. He has a strong heart.”

    Tomoaki Kanemoto was Japan’s top hitter in the Game 4 tie, going 2-for-4 with an RBI and a stolen base. Kanemoto had a magnificent career and was best known for his 1,766-consecutive-game streak. The streak included an incredible run of 1,492 consecutive games in which he played every inning without rest, easily outdistancing Cal Ripken’s major-league streak of 903. On the day Kanemoto passed Ripken, the Orioles ironman congratulated him with a message on the scoreboard and a bat with “Congratulations, keep playing” inscribed on it. Kanemoto wrapped up his 21-year career in 2012 with 476 homers, 1,521 RBIs, 2,539 hits, 1,430 runs, and a .285 lifetime average. Out of all these accomplishments, Kanemoto was most proud of going 1,002 straight plate appearances without hitting into a double play. His remarkable career was rewarded with election to the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame in 2018.

    The Japanese All-Stars once again fell short in Game 5. A scoreless battle was broken up in the top of the seventh inning when hits by Game 2 hero Omar Vizquel and Barry Bonds put the visitors up for good. The major-league team took the game, 5-1, as Masahide Kobayashi once again faltered in relief and could not keep his team in the game.

    On November 9, the day Game 6 took place, the Orix Bluewave of Japan’s Pacific League announced that they had accepted a bid of $13,125,000 from an undisclosed major-league team for the right to negotiate for the services of Japanese superstar and seven-time batting champion Ichiro Suzuki. This would give Ichiro the chance to become the first full-time position player to make the leap to the major leagues. Bobby Cox shared his thoughts about the lifetime .353 hitter: “If some team is offering that much money for just the right to negotiate, he’s got to be a great player. If he’s as good as I’ve heard, he’ll obviously be the first Japanese position player in the majors and could open the door for more (non-pitchers to go to the major leagues).” Ichiro, of course, went on to stardom with the Seattle Mariners and is expected to be a shoo-in for the Hall of Fame when he becomes eligible in 2025.

    Game 6 was a masterful pitching duel won by the Japanese team, 1-0. The powerful MLB team was limited to a lone hit, a sixth-inning single by Shawn Green. Starting pitcher Hisanori Takahashi more than made up for his Game 1 shellacking by no-hitting the American team through his five innings of work. Major-league starter Randy Johnson was almost as effective, going four innings and striking out seven. In Johnson’s two starts in the series he racked up an amazing 14 strikeouts in seven innings. First baseman Michihiro Ogasawara drove in the winning run in the eighth with a double, scoring teammate Tatsuhiko Kinjo with the game’s only tally.

    Ogasawara was at the top of his game after the 2000 season in which he batted .329 with 31 homers and 102 RBIs. He also scored 126 runs, a Pacific League record at the time. Ogasawara joined the exclusive Meikyukai Golden Players Club when he finished his career with 2,180 hits. This club rewards players who achieve lifetime marks of 200 wins, 250 saves, or 2,000 hits. Ogasawara finished his spectacular career with 383 home runs, 1,198 RBIs, and a career batting average of .309. At his retirement news conference in 2015 he said, “I feel relieved, kind of like this day has finally come. I have got all kinds of mixed feelings but feel refreshed.” Ogasawara added back-to-back MVP awards in 2006 and 2007 and collected six Golden Gloves and seven Best Nine Awards to round out his impressive résumé.

    Game 7, much like Game 3, was not a competitive contest, only this time it was the major leaguers doing all the damage. Japan led 3-0 after three innings, but the top of the fourth inning sealed Japan’s fate. The disastrous inning included six hits and was capped off by a Barry Bonds three-run home run, his third homer of the series, as the visitors scored eight runs. The major leaguers pounded out seven doubles in the game including two by Troy Glaus, who contributed five RBIs. Takashi Ishii was hit hard and coughed up seven earned runs in four laborious innings. In what was almost a mirror image of Game 3, the MLB team ran away with it, 13-5.

    Ishii’s claim to fame was his MVP performance for the Seibu Lions in the 2004 Japan Series, when he won the deciding seventh game with a masterful six-inning, three-hit, no-run showing against the Chunichi Dragons. For the series Ishii won two games without surrendering a run in 13 innings, giving up just five hits and striking out eight. The unlikely hero was an underwhelming 1-5 during the regular season with a 4.65 ERA in 14 starts. This was the first time a pitcher had ever won more games in a Japan Series than he did in the whole regular season.

    Game 7 was the clincher for the MLB team; the victory put them up four games to two with a tie and only one game remaining. Nevertheless, Game 8 turned out to be an exciting matchup and a good showcase for two of Japan’s soon-to-be defectors. Flamboyant fan favorite Tsuyoshi Shinjo went 2-for-2 and drove in two runs to give him five RBIs for the series, and Hideki Matsui had three hits in Japan’s 5-4 loss. Matsui and Shinjo would find themselves in the major leagues within three years of this contest, with Shinjo becoming the second position player to make the journey after Ichiro. Of the two, Matsui attained more success, becoming the first power hitter to make the transition. Matsui crushed 20 or more homers in five of his 10 major-league seasons and eclipsed the 100-RBI mark four times. The highlight of Matsui’s major-league stay was his 2009 World Series MVP award for the champion New York Yankees. In that Series, Matsui hit an otherworldly .615 with three home runs and eight RBIs. Matsui is a member of both the Meikyukai and Japan’s Baseball Hall of Fame.

    The MLB All-Stars, as was the case in most of these season-ending events, were the victors, taking the series five games to two with one tie. Fittingly, former Japanese star Kazuhiro Sasaki finished off the home team with his second save of the series in the Game 8 finale. “It might have been better if this was the deciding game,” Cox said, “but still it was pretty dramatic with the hometown hero coming on to play in front of the Japanese fans and pitch against the Japanese all-stars and strike out the last two batters.”

    Closer inspection shows a much more even competition. Japan led in batting average, .301 to .284, on-base-percentage, doubles, and stolen bases, but was horribly overmatched in the slugging department, hitting only two home runs to the MLB team’s nine. Japan also out fielded their counterparts, committing just three errors in the eight-game series, but it was pitching that eventually let them down. Forty-one earned runs given up in eight games was insurmountable for a team that relied on small ball to eke out victories.

    Barry Bonds was the undisputed MVP of the series, launching four home runs and driving in nine runs. He walked only twice in 30 plate appearances, a stark contrast to how he was pitched to, or not pitched to, by US moundsmen. The decision to pitch to Bonds may have been a deciding factor in the series outcome. Bonds seemed to enjoy his experience and made numerous trips to Japan during his career. “It’s a great honor,” he said of his MVP award. “But we came here as a team to win and that’s the most important thing. We also wanted to make it exciting for the Japanese fans and I think we did a good job of that.”

    The Alomar brothers, Roberto and Sandy, figured prominently in the series. Sandy had the top batting average for the MLB team, outhitting his Hall of Fame brother .444 to .353. Sandy Alomar Jr. caught 1,324 games in his 20-year career, mostly for the Cleveland Indians. Alomar was the unanimous choice for American League Rookie of the Year in 1990 and was also the first rookie catcher to start an All-Star Game. Alomar, like many catchers, struggled with injuries throughout his playing career and managed only four seasons in which he reached 100 games played.

    Bobby Cox may have summed up the visit best when he stated, “(The tour) is extremely well organized, the ballparks are great, and the people are fabulous. It’s a great thing for us to see a different place, different culture. I wish we had two or three more ballgames because I’m not ready to go yet.” The Japanese play a different style of baseball than their American counterparts, and the debate will rage on as to the level of play, but the skipper’s sentiments truly captured the spirit of baseball and the goodwill of the games played between these two baseball-crazed nations.

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    The 2000 All-Star Series in Japan

  • The 1996 Sun Super Major Series in Japan

    The 1996 Sun Super Major Series in Japan

    by Blair Williams


    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Blair Williams focuses on the 1996 MLB – Japan All-Star Series.

    “I don’t know how else to feel,” Hideo Nomo said – almost sarcastically – to Japanese reporters following Game 2 of the 1996 Sun Super Major Series. A blue Dodgers cap adorned Nomo’s head, the intertwined letters “L” and “A” announcing the pitcher’s allegiance to the American powerhouse team. Japanese by birth and citizenship, Nomo was the first Japanese national to play in major-league baseball in 30 years. Now, he returned to Japan to face his former colleagues from Nippon Professional Baseball, the baseball league that he had voluntarily retired from to escape the decades-long labor dispute that prevented Japanese players from playing abroad.

    “The way I feel hasn’t changed at all, but I’d like to ask the people of Japan if they hate me now,” Nomo finished, his eyes looking heavy and downcast. The English interpreter for the American media stumbled over her translation, carefully phrasing for the media that would report Nomo’s words across the globe. Nomo sighed at the end of that sentence and finished in English: “Yes.” Yes, the opinion of the Japanese people about his employment with the Los Angeles Dodgers did matter to him. For the 1996 tour was not just about a baseball competition; it was a litmus test of whether the Japanese fans would support a Japanese national playing for another country.

    Whether it was the 1994 major-league baseball strike or the long-standing severance of formal relations between the US-based major leagues and NPB that made it nearly impossible for Japanese nationals to play in the majors, labor conditions colored the 1996 Sun Super Major Series between the NPB All-Stars and major-league all-stars. In 1993 NPB introduced free agency to its business for the first time. However, the new right for a player to seek his own contract applied only to seasoned veterans who had been in the league for at least 10 years. Despite the new contract leverage for players, the highest-paid player in NPB, Hiromitsu Ochiai, earned only 30 percent as much as the highest-paid major-league player at the time. In 1994 major-league players began what became the longest strike in American sports history. This strike among American players resulted in the cancellation of not only the 1994 World Series, but also of the 1994 exhibition tour between the major leagues and NPB.

    When major-league players returned to action in 1995, the salaries for the highest-paid players in each league (Barry Bonds and Cecil Fielder) grew over 25 percent in value from the pre-strike highest-paid players. As superstars received massive sums of money, the post-strike labor environment propelled the highest-paid players into even grander contracts that made them the envy of the world. Meanwhile, NPB players earned comparatively little and were ineligible to enter the major-league ecosystem because of a labor dispute that had occurred 30 years earlier over the contract of Masanori Murakami, who was the only Japanese national to play in the majors at the time. In short, a spat over one contract that happened a generation earlier had prevented any Japanese from competing for those lucrative contracts. Yet by the 1980s, the Japanese All-Stars squared off every two years in exhibition games against the MLB All-Stars, almost as if they were equals on the baseball field. Something had to change.

    In 1995 Japanese agent Don Nomura enticed Hideo Nomo – a five-year NPB veteran who was another five years away from free agency in NPB – to voluntarily retire from his NPB contract with the Kintetsu Buffaloes and enter the National League as an independent free agent. This loophole terminated the Buffaloes’ control over Nomo’s employment, and the Los Angeles Dodgers signed Nomo to a contract exceeding $2 million per year. While Nomo had been a star pitcher for four of his NPB years, after his move to the Dodgers he made nearly as much per year as NPB free-agent pioneer Hiromitsu Ochiai, a 16-time all-star who had been a player for nearly 20 years and held several league records. Nomo had discovered the path to riches, but in the process, he wondered if he had forsaken his countrymen.

    Nomo’s controversial move to the majors helps contextualize why he seemed less than thrilled taking the mound against his countrymen in the 1996 Sun Super Major Series. Whether stated overtly or subtly, there was the question of Nomo’s loyalty to Japan. Most of the MLB All-Star roster playing in the series hailed from the United States or its territory Puerto Rico; three Dominican players and one Venezuelan also graced the roster. Nomo stood out as the only player on the MLB All-Star roster who hailed from outside the Western hemisphere. Meanwhile, due to NPB’s strict geographical and racial limits for its players, Japanese nationals made up the entire NPB All-Star roster. Therefore, when Nomo pitched, he was the only person in the entire series pitching against one of his countrymen.

    “I’d like to ask Japanese people if they hate me now,” Nomo had solemnly said to that room of reporters after his appearance in Game 2 of the series. The answer from the Japanese public was a resounding, “No, we still love you.”

    The setting for Nomo’s performance was at a tenuous time for Japan. With the Cold War over, Japan was no longer needed as the bulwark of American capitalism in Asia. In 1994 Tomiichi Murayama became the first non-conservative prime minister of Japan since 1947, ending a half-century of conservative leadership. In contrast to the vigilant nationalism that propelled the Japanese economy to become the second most powerful in the world in the 1970s and 1980s, Prime Minister Murayama began a reconciliation tour with Japan’s geographical neighbors. Meanwhile, prominent conservative politician Ishihara Shintaro published a nationalist missive, The Japan That Can Say No, which began with a long lamentation over the weakness of the Japanese athlete that spoke to the greater weakness of the Japanese nation. Ishihara – who would later become a longtime governor of Tokyo and lead the charge to secure the 2020 Tokyo Olympics – wrote in 1991:

    [I] sometimes wonder if Japan is not becoming a nation of ETs, that charming visitor from outer space with an oversized head and spindly arms and legs. If that is the course of evolution, ET-like human beings will first appear in Japan. That would explain why we did so poorly at the [1988] Seoul Olympics, winning only a handful of gold medals. Maybe that miserable performance indicates that we are acquiring an unconventional, sophisticated temperament and life-style. As a nation, however, we would be better off if our Olympic athletes won a basket of medals and the younger generation did strenuous work.

    Ishihara’s lament that Japan’s reliance on the technology sector – from the Sony Walkman to Nintendo and Sega video games, from animated movies to small and efficient Toyota cars – had left its people so physically enfeebled that they resembled that helpless alien in the movie E.T., who had flown light years across space only to be made captive by some neighborhood youths equipped with flashlights, dirt bikes, and candy pieces.

    In the minds of politicians like Ishihara, international athletic events like the Sun Super Major Series stood as evidence of the persisting physical weakness among the Japanese people. Japan had lost three out of the previous four competitions. And now Hideo Nomo toed the rubber in the Tokyo Dome donning not a Kintetsu Buffaloes uniform but Dodger Blue. The American team was sponsored by – and indeed the Series itself bore the name of – the American technology firm Sun Microsystems. In 1995 Sun Microsystems released the Java programming language that paved the way for the modern internet and computational infrastructure that we all currently live in. In short, the American team represented not only physical superiority, but it also wore the vanguard of the future of technology on its caps. It was not the Sony Series, or the Nintendo Series, or the Toyota Series. It was the Sun Super Major Series. At the center of the endeavor, Nomo and his signature tornado-style windup earned wins for the American team. Fans clamored to the ballparks to see not the Japanese team, but to see the Japanese man who had left Japan. The question on Nomo’s mind was whether they came to cheer, or to jeer. As the series proceeded, the answer clearly pointed to cheering.

    The Sun Super Major Series began on November 1, 1996, in the Tokyo Dome. Although the MLB All-Stars featured an array of legendary hitters who probably need no introduction – Barry Bonds, Alex Rodriguez, Cal Ripken Jr., Gary Sheffield, Mike Piazza – the pitching lineup was rather peculiar. In the era of John Smoltz, Greg Maddux, and Roger Clemens (none of whom were on the tour) – and in a series that had such a rich narrative of intrigue with Nomo’s return to Japan, the leadoff pitcher for the US team was the remarkably unexciting AL Cy Young Award winner Pat Hentgen. Hentgen had finished third in the majors in wins in 1996 and led the league in innings pitched (265⅔), which was likely due to his low strikeout rate of six batters per nine innings. Hentgen started three of the seven games and his pitch-to-contact style meant he would rack up the most innings of any MLB starter.

    Hentgen struggled out of the gate against the Japanese All-Stars in the first game, allowing a leadoff hit to 23-year-old Ichiro Suzuki, who had just finished his third year as a full-time starter for the Orix Blue Wave. With 116 stolen bases already to his name, Ichiro showed off his speed by stealing second. Hentgen then allowed a walk before facing Hideki Matsui, who had hit 91 home runs in his four years with the Yomiuri Giants. Matsui hit a weak groundball to third base. Robin Ventura fielded the ball but fell, filling the bases on his error. The next batter, Kazuhiro Kiyohara, smashed a weak curveball down the left-field line, emptying the bases with a double. By the time Hentgen got out of the first inning – on a sliding catch in the outfield by Brady Anderson – he had given up five runs. The MLB All-Stars caught up by the fifth inning on some sloppy fielding errors by the NPB team. Then side-armer Tetsuro Kawajiri gave up a home run to deep center field that tied the game, 5-5. The Mets’ John Franco entered in relief of Pedro Martinez (who wore the uniform of the now-defunct Montreal Expos) and allowed Ichiro Suzuki to score, which gave the Japanese All-Stars a 6-5 victory in front of 43,000 fans in the Tokyo Dome.

    The game the next night was the one Japan had been waiting for. A crowd of 55,000 packed their way into the Tokyo Dome to cheer Hideo Nomo as he played in his first game on Japanese soil since retiring from his NPB contract. The first at-bat of the game was nothing more than a legendary matchup: Hideo Nomo vs. Ichiro Suzuki. So many fans took photos of Nomo – with their flashes popping away as if they were paparazzi on the red carpet – that the public-address announcer had to ask people to put their cameras away. Nomo pitched from his famous tornado windup, and Ichiro slapped a pitch right up the middle, right through Nomo’s legs, for a single. Nomo calmed down afterward, finishing three innings of scoreless pitching with three strikeouts.

    The crowd cheered Nomo after each out. Nomo responded with a tight and brief grip of his hat brim to signal his appreciation.

    The TV cameras closed in on Nomo’s face after each inning, capturing his stoic façade as he walked to the dugout. Nomo completed his outing dispassionately. After he got Ichiro out in his second at-bat, Ichiro stared back at Nomo. He wanted a reaction from Nomo, but the pitcher remained stoic until he arrived back in the MLB dugout, where he placed a windbreaker on his pitching arm and shared some laughs with his teammates. The MLB All-Stars claimed the game, 6-1. Even though Nomo was the centerpiece of the tour, he started the second game of the series instead of the first because he would then be in line to start the sixth game, which would take place in Nishinomiya, a city neighboring Nomo’s hometown of Osaka before a crowd in the legendary Koshien Stadium.

    After the second game, the next few games of the tournament branched out to highlight the diversity of Japanese baseball. In the third game the US team’s opposition was the NPB’s Central League All-Stars, featuring players from the Yomiuri Giants and other Tokyo-based NPB teams. The MLB All-Stars won, 4-2. There were three solo home runs, by Cal Ripken Jr. and Steve Finley for the US team and Matsui for the Japanese. Shigeki Noguchi took the loss for NPB while Jeff Brantley claimed the win for MLB.

    The fourth game was played at the home stadium of the Seibu Lions, just outside Tokyo on the Seibu Railway Lines. In front of a much smaller crowd, 33,000, the MLB All-Stars claimed a 2-1 victory over the full NPB All-Star team that would finish out the rest of the series. As Pat Hentgen was wont to do, he pitched most of the game efficiently, allowing only one NPB run before giving way to José Mesa for the save.

    For the fifth game, the teams moved to Fukuoka, on the island of Kyushu on the far western end of Japan. The MLB All-Stars jumped out to a 4-1 lead thanks in part to a solo home run by Barry Bonds. But Pedro Martinez couldn’t hold a lead. The 25-year-old Martinez – who went on to be considered by many to be the greatest pitcher of his generation if not arguably all-time – loaded the bases in the fifth inning. Jeff Brantley came in relief and allowed a bases-clearing triple to NPB All-Star Kazuyoshi Tatsunami. Martinez allowed five runs in 4⅔ innings. Steve Finley saved Martinez from the loss column with a two-run single in the sixth. As MLB carried a lead into the eighth inning, reliever Troy Percival fielded a bunt poorly and overthrew first base, allowing Yutaka Wada to score and tie the game. This game ended in a 6-6 tie because the teams did not play extra innings during the series. MLB All-Stars manager Dusty Baker remarked that it was the first tie he had been a part of in his major-league career.

    For the finale, the MLB team took its 3-1-1 lead into Koshien Stadium in Nishinomiya, a city near the metropolises of Kobe and Osaka and about 300 miles southwest of Tokyo. There is perhaps no more revered sports ground in Japan than Koshien, the home of the annual high-school baseball tournament. The tournament was once the biggest sporting event in the world. Since the 1920s, organizers invited thousands of boys from across the Japanese Empire to compete on its dirt-only infield for the honor of being called the best baseball team in Asia. Although the annual high-school baseball tournament still is a significant cultural event for Japan, there is no longer the sense of militaristic nationalism that once colored it. Koshien now stands as the oldest active stadium – of any sport – in Japan, and it was a homecoming for Nomo to pitch on its field.

    Koshien Stadium had been a common stopping point for so many other international tours, and it’s important to emphasize that it is a field designed for pre-modern high-school players. The infield is entirely dirt, and it always has been that way. There is no grass or turf to slow down or impede a groundball. The pitcher’s mound is lower than a regulation mound. Players warm up nearly within arm’s reach of the bleachers. Homemade videotape footage of Nomo’s performance in 1996 at Koshien exists, and the camera operator was right next to Nomo’s warm-up spot. We can clearly see Nomo on the paltry Koshien mound, and it seems that nerves troubled him this time. Nomo gave up four runs on four hits over four innings, but the MLB All-Stars rallied to win, 11-8. By the end of the game, 26 hits had littered the high-school baseball field, with Andrés Galarraga and Gary Sheffield crushing home runs.

    In a postgame interview, Nomo said that he wasn’t worried about his poor performance; he merely wanted to perform before his home crowd to give them “a taste of Major League Baseball.” Of course, the crowd had seen major-league baseball before, even at this field, where Nomo had been part of the 1992 Japanese team that played the touring MLB All-Stars. But this time, Nomo was part of the major leagues, and likely what he wanted to show his home crowd was the possibility that Japanese people could join major-league baseball – the league that had prevented their entry for so long.

    The series finished out quietly on the Japanese east coast with games in Yokohama and Tokyo. In Yokohama, a small crowd of 27,000 was rewarded with a 6-4 NPB All-Stars win. Hideki Matsui crushed a grand slam off MLB starter Shane Reynolds in the second inning, putting the NPB team up 6-0. Reynolds calmed down, however, and he was needed to eat up innings after MLB had used seven pitchers in the previous two games. Reynolds went the distance and nearly claimed a win when his teammates scored four runs in the seventh inning before NPB relievers shut down the MLB offense and saved the second win for the Japanese.

    The final game, at the Tokyo Dome on November 11, drew another full house of fans. A total of 13 pitchers took to the mound as offenses unloaded for an 8-8 tie. Mike Piazza, who was popular with the Japanese fans because he was Nomo’s catcher on the Dodgers, thrilled the crowd with the only home run of the game. The MLB All-Stars won the series, four victories to two, with two ties, and Steve Finley of the San Diego Padres (8-for-20, 9 RBIs) was named the Most Valuable Player.

    The 1996 tour hinted at the future of Japanese players in US major-league baseball. Even as Hideo Nomo pitched for the MLB All-Stars, another Japanese pitcher, Hideki Irabu, was negotiating to enter the majors. Irabu’s entry into the American League in 1997 resulted in the creation of the posting system, which would later bring players like Ichiro Suzuki and Hideki Matsui to the United States. Both had faced off against Nomo in the 1996 Sun Super Major Series. As Nomo kept telling the media, he wanted to show off his performance as a major leaguer. Nomo showed the way for others to join the major leagues and sign increasingly lucrative contracts and play in a different – and often more global – competitive atmosphere than existed in Japan. In short, Nomo’s role on the tour was not only to demonstrate that Japanese nationals could effectively play baseball at the major-league level, but to demonstrate that their fellow Japanese fans would support this new era of Japanese players appearing abroad.

    The 1996 Sun Super Major Series was won not just by the MLB All-Stars, but by Hideo Nomo. He wondered out loud if Japanese fans and players liked him anymore. And Japanese fans and players answered almost in unison: Hai. Yes, the Japanese were thrilled that Nomo had basically integratedmajor-league baseball for Japanese players. Nomo’s success in the United States and his pathbreaking move to leave Japan – even at a time when the nation and state felt most vulnerable – opened new avenues of business and culture creation that benefited later players like Ichiro and Matsui. Although the 1996 Sun Super Major Series lasted a little over a week, the implications of the event could be seen for years to come.

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    The 1996 Sun Super Major Series in Japan

  • Tommy Lasorda: Baseball’s Global Ambassador and the Los Angeles Dodgers’ 1993 Friendship Tour of Japan

    Tommy Lasorda: Baseball’s Global Ambassador and the Los Angeles Dodgers’ 1993 Friendship Tour of Japan

    by Mark Langill

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Mark Langill highlights the Dodgers 1993 trip to Japan .

    What felt like a nostalgia trip unexpectedly served as a dress rehearsal for the next frontier of professional baseball when the 1993 Los Angeles Dodgers staged a modest five-game “Friendship Series” in Taiwan and Japan.

    Nobody could’ve predicted a “Tornado” on the horizon, one of the nicknames bestowed upon Kintetsu Buffaloes pitcher Hideo Nomo, who in 1993 was a four-time All-Star and former Pacific League MVP. His contract issues with Kintetsu led to his retirement from Japanese baseball after the 1994 season, an exit strategy discovered by agent Don Nomura when analyzing the sport’s seemingly ironclad working agreements covering the United States and Japan. Nomo became only the second player from a Japanese professional league – and the first in 30 years – to play in the majors during his National League Rookie of the Year campaign with the Dodgers in 1995.

    “There was no business reason for the 1993 Japan trip, other than growing baseball at the international level,” said Fred Claire, a 30-year Dodger executive who was the team’s general manager from 1987 to 1998. “[Brooklyn Dodgers team President] Walter O’Malley’s global vision of the game was continued by his son, Peter. But when you go back in time, the thought of a player from Japan playing in the majors seemed like an impossible reach. There were no major-league teams scouting in Japan. There was no reason to use those scouting resources because there were players from Latin America, Mexico, and other parts of the world.”

    Manager Tommy Lasorda’s Dodgers became the first major-league team to play in Taiwan, posting a 1-2 record in Taipei against all-stars from the Chinese Professional League. Los Angeles then traveled to Fukuoka, Japan, for a pair of games against a combination of the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks of the Pacific League and the Yomiuri Giants of the Central League.

    Nomo wasn’t part of the exhibition at the newly opened Fukuoka Dome in 1993. Claire didn’t stick around for the Japan portion of the trip, flying from Taiwan to Los Angeles and continuing to Naples, Florida, for a meeting of major-league general managers.

    Instead of a stealth scouting mission, the 1993 trip represented another chance for Peter O’Malley to promote international baseball. He was 18 years old in 1956 when the Brooklyn Dodgers spent nearly five weeks in Japan after the World Series. His roommate was broadcaster Vin Scully, who reported on the 19-game exhibition for Sport magazine.

    During their ownership of the franchise between 1950 and 1998, the O’Malley family used Dodgertown, the spring-training facility in Vero Beach, Florida, along with Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles after its 1962 opening, to host international events.

    After selling the Dodgers to Fox Group in 1998, O’Malley kept his ties to the Vero Beach area, at one point operating a lease at “Historic Dodgertown” in a partnership with his sister Terry Seidler, Nomo, and former Dodgers pitcher Chan Ho Park, who in 1994 became the first player from Korea to appear in the majors. The Vero Beach complex was taken over by Major League Baseball in 2019 and renamed after Dodgers Hall of Famer Jackie Robinson.

    The O’Malleys and Lasorda were also close to Rod Dedeaux, the University of Southern California baseball coach who won 11 NCAA titles during his 45-year tenure. Dedeaux played two games at shortstop for the 1935 Dodgers and was a longtime champion of international baseball. He coached Team USA in a baseball exhibition during the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo and in the 1984 Olympics baseball tournament at Dodger Stadium. (Japan defeated Team USA in the Gold Medal game.)

    In a 1991 interview with the Mainichi Daily News, Peter O’Malley outlined his hopes for a true global baseball series. Dodger Stadium played host to the 1991 International Baseball Association World All-Star Game with top amateur players representing 28 countries.

    I’m an advocate of such competition. And I think my colleagues in the majors are quickly becoming receptive to such an idea, too. I don’t think major-league baseball feels threatened at all. On the contrary, I get the feeling baseball’s leaders think the timing is just about right. Logistics – travel, etc. – are no longer a problem. Baseball is extremely popular and profitable outside the U.S. in many countries like Japan and Korea. The competitiveness is there. I think they feel now’s the time to capitalize on it and move on it.

    It will be the best two teams going at it in a seven-game World Series. Say, the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Chunichi Dragons. But the international playoff would involve more than just the U.S. and Japan. After all, there are some strong Latin American leagues and the Korean pro league is coming on fast. It’s only been in existence for 10 years and look at how many competitive players there are. And pro ball is catching on in Taiwan. Plus, who knows where else the sport might also grow rapidly. The possibilities are endless and exciting.

    As publicity director of the Dodgers in the early 1970s, Claire accompanied Dodgers Alan Foster and Von Joshua along with a dozen other major-league players on a trip to Japan sponsored by the Nichiren-Shoshu Buddhist sect. As vice president of marketing in 1980, Claire, along with O’Malley, traveled to Japan to negotiate with Mitsubishi officials as the Dodgers became the first team with a color video scoreboard, debuting “Diamond Vision” at the 1980 All-Star Game.

    Lasorda, who died in 2021 at 93, spent 71 years in the Dodgers organization. The former left-handed pitcher, bumped from Brooklyn’s 1955 roster to make room for rookie Sandy Koufax, first arrived in Japan in the spring of 1965 for a series of clinics with fellow scout Kenny Myers. Lasorda had also worked with members of the Tokyo Giants during the first of their five trips to Vero Beach between 1961 and 1980.

    Lasorda’s 1965 arrival at the airport in Tokyo was fitting for a man still a decade away from international celebrity. Nobody met Lasorda and Myers at the airport because the baseball officials had the wrong date. The scouts went to the Hilton Hotel and rested after their nine-hour flight.

    During their three-week trip, Lasorda and Myers toured various landmarks and baseball facilities, including the Imperial Palace and the Olympic Village. Working with the Yomiuri Giants prior to their spring training, Lasorda gave tips to the pitchers. Myers, who converted Los Angeles prep track star Willie Davis into a left-handed-hitting center fielder, worked with Yomiuri hitters.

    In his diary, Lasorda made notes on everything from his dinner reviews – “the most tender steak I ever ate” – to the training methods and facilities of his Japanese hosts. The lineup for manager Tetsuhara Kawakami’s 1965 Giants included outfielder Sadaharu Oh, third baseman Shigeo Nagashima, and lefty pitcher Masaichi Kaneda. All four Giants later had their uniforms retired, the same honor eventually bestowed to Lasorda by the Dodgers.

    Our second day of training was just about the same as our last. The Japanese coaches believe in a lot of calisthenics and they spent about 2 hrs. a day on it. We work out from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. with no breaks in between. We had a meeting of the manager and the coaches. They asked our opinion of the day’s work and we gave it to them – they must concentrate more on the fundamentals. These people are anxious to learn – they want to surpass the Americans in baseball.

    The pitchers here in Japan have no idea how to throw a curveball and no conception of throwing a changeup. I will have to concentrate on these two factors very much. The stars of the team, Nagashima, 3B, ‘O’, 1B and Kaneda, P – are really nice guys and they have accepted us. I have pitchers hollering around camp and Mgr. said he never heard so much life.

    Spring training in 1965 became significant for both Lasorda and US-Japan baseball relations. Because the major leagues were implementing an amateur draft in June, Lasorda as a scout could no longer use his charm and negotiation tactics to sign top prospects, as he did the previous summer with Los Angeles prep star outfielder Willie Crawford. Lasorda drove Crawford to his high-school prom and delivered a stirring eulogy at the funeral of Crawford’s grandfather, a man whom Lasorda had never met.

    At the time of the Lasorda-Myers trip, the status of Japanese pitcher Masanori Murakami remained in limbo after the San Francisco Giants had promoted the lefty from Class A Fresno in September 1964. The Nankai Hawks had sent the 20-year-old Murakami to the United States for minor-league experience in the summer, but his success at Fresno led the Giants to promote him to the majors. San Francisco wanted to keep Murakami, who signed a major-league contract, and the Hawks demanded the return of their prospect. A compromise was finally reached: Murakami would spend one more season in San Francisco and return to Japan in 1966.

    After Lasorda’s 1965 Japan trip, which concluded with side trips to Bangkok, New Delhi, Iran, and Tel Aviv, it was back to Dodger Stadium for his next assignment. Scouting director Al Campanis decided Lasorda should become a minor-league manager. His first team produced a 33-33 record at Pocatello, Idaho, of the rookie-level Pioneer League. Lasorda worked his way up the ladder in the Dodger farm system and eventually replaced Walter Alston as Dodgers manager in September 1976.

    Life in Southern California would never be the same as Lasorda hugged his players – a stark contrast to Alston’s “Quiet Man” persona – and claimed to “bleed Dodger blue.” Frank Sinatra sang the National Anthem for Lasorda’s first Opening Day in 1977. With a big lead in September, Lasorda sent comedian Don Rickles – wearing a Dodgers uniform and number 40 – to the mound to visit with a suddenly confused reliever, Elias Sosa.

    After becoming the first National League skipper to win pennants in his first two years since Gabby Street of the 1930-31 Cardinals, Lasorda was invited to manage a team of National League all-stars against a team of American League stars on a postseason trip to Japan in 1979. In true Lasorda fashion, he motivated his team by privately telling each individual that the Most Valuable Player of the series was going to receive a new automobile. When Cincinnati’s George Foster won MVP honors, he received a bouquet of flowers and a shoulder shrug from his manager. “That’s what I heard,” Lasorda claimed with a straight face.

    Lasorda, though, was disappointed with American League manager Earl Weaver of the Baltimore Orioles. During a controversial play, Weaver argued with umpires and used language the otherwise feisty Lasorda didn’t think appropriate in a goodwill exhibition setting.

    The 1993 trip to Japan was extra-special because Dodgers All-Star catcher Mike Piazza happened to be Lasorda’s godson; his father, Vince Piazza, was a longtime friend from Tommy’s hometown of Norristown, Pennsylvania. A 62nd-round draft choice in 1988, Piazza rewrote the Los Angeles rookie record book in 1993 with 35 home runs, 112 RBIs, and a .318 batting average.

    Piazza played a key role in returning the Dodgers to a respectable 81-81 record in 1993 after a 99-loss disaster in 1992 in which the team finished in last place for the first time since 1905. The Dodgers enjoyed knocking the 103-win San Francisco Giants out of the pre-wild-card format postseason with a 12-1 victory on the final day of the regular season as Piazza clubbed two home runs.

    Piazza and former World Series pitching star Orel Hershiser were the Dodgers marquee names on the tour. Two other rookies became future stars – pitcher Pedro Martinez, traded by the Dodgers to Montreal weeks after the Japan tour, and Yomiuri Giants outfielder Hideki Matsui.

    In addition to baseball, the Dodgers took a tour of Dazaifu, an ancient Japanese regional center, and the Dazaifu Tenmangu Shrine. Lasorda and several Dodger players visited a children’s hospital and passed out Dodger souvenirs and commemorative pins.

    Lasorda provided the photo-op of the tour during batting practice on November 2 by throwing his arms around American sumo star Chad Rowan, who wrestled in Japan under the name Akebono Taro. Earlier in 1993, the 360-pound Rowan made history by becoming the first non-Japanese wrestler to reach Yokozuna status, the highest rank in sumo. Rowan, in town for a wrestling tournament, threw out the ceremonial first pitch.

    “The Fukuoka Dome was out of this world,” said first baseman Eric Karros, the 1992 NL Rookie of the Year. “We took a tour before the first game and saw the large training facility and practice areas. There were large mirrors where the Fukuoka players practiced their swings.

    The Dodgers wore a small black patch with “IKE” in white letters on their uniforms in memory of Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, the longtime assistant to Peter O’Malley, who died in October 1992.

    Ikuhara joined the Dodgers organization in the spring of 1965 after asking Japanese sportswriter Sotaro Suzuki for an introduction to O’Malley in order to study American baseball. He joined the Dodgers’ Spokane team in the Triple-A Pacific Coast League, where O’Malley was general manager. Ikuhara moved to the Dodgers in 1967. He supervised visits to the United States by the Yomiuri Giants in 1967, 1971, 1975, and 1981, along with the visits of the Samsung Lions of South Korea in 1985 and the Chunichi Dragons of Nagoya, Japan, in 1988. Ikuhara teamed with Nagashima in broadcasting the World Series back to Japan from 1981 to 1986. He was named to the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame in 2002.

    In the series opener, the Dodgers staked Hershiser to a 3-0 lead in the first inning against pitcher Kenichi Wakatabe of the Hawks. Brett Butler reached first on an error. Jose Offerman and Piazza hit consecutive RBI doubles and Tim Wallach drove home Piazza. The Japanese scored twice in the sixth on three hits, including a double over the head of Darryl Strawberry in right field. Chihiro Hamana’s RBI single in the seventh tied the game.

    In the bottom of the 11th inning, number-9 hitter Hiroshi Yugamidani greeted reliever Jim Gott with a line drive to center. Butler tried a shoestring catch, but the ball went past him. A relay throw from shortstop Offerman to backup catcher Jerry Brooks made the play at home plate close, but Yugamidani was ruled safe and gave Japan a 4-3 victory. Yugamidani batted .203 with one home run during the regular season.

    Although many Dodgers thought the runner was out at home, Lasorda didn’t protest the call. In the clubhouse, Hershiser took the umpire’s decision in stride because it was an exhibition. Someone asked Lasorda what would have happened if that call was made during a regular-season game. He simply smiled.

    In the second game, on November 3, Dodgers pitching yearned for the airport shuttle while struggling in a 16-1 loss. Were it a spring-training game, the umpires might have offered the teams an early exit. Instead, the capacity crowd of 42,000 watched the combined Fukuoka-Yomiuri squad score nine runs in the fifth inning on four hits and five walks. Overall, the Dodgers pitchers allowed 15 walks and three wild pitches. A leadoff double in the fifth inning by Chihiro Hamana off starter Ramon Martinez triggered the landslide. Relievers Felix Rodriguez and Jonathan Hurst followed Martinez to the mound as five of the fifth-inning walks were with the bases loaded. The Japanese added five runs in the eighth off reliever Jim Gott.

    Hurst, who pitched for the Dodgers’ Triple-A Albuquerque affiliate in 1993 after being claimed on waivers from the Montreal Expos, had been a late addition to the Asia tour roster for bullpen insurance. With veteran Dodgers pitchers Kevin Gross, Tom Candiotti, and Todd Worrell not making the trip, the Dodgers also brought along Rodriguez, who in 1993 converted from catcher to pitcher at Class-A affiliate Vero Beach.

    The Dodgers left Asia with a dismal 1-4 record. “I’m disappointed. I’d be lying if I said anything else,” said Lasorda. “When you go a month and then you just throw batting practice, [and] you don’t play in game situations, then it makes a difference.” But “We made these people happy anyway. We made the folks in Taiwan happy and we made the people of Japan happy.” “It’s all in fun anyway,” added Darryl Strawberry.

    Lasorda remained the Dodgers manager until the summer of 1996, when a mild heart attack in June led to his retirement. His last full season in the Los Angeles dugout coincided with Nomo’s 1995 arrival – via a minor-league contract because a strike by the Players Association had led to the cancellation of the 1994 World Series and had frozen 40-man rosters during the winter. Nomo attended spring training with Dodgers minor leaguers and was promoted after the strike ended.

    Lasorda’s trademark as a manager was providing postgame food in his office, a way to keep communication lines open with his players. Lasorda, who often served Japanese cuisine in Nomo’s honor, recalled his 1965 Japan trip in which Kaneda cooked a four-course dinner for a visiting Dodgers scout.

    “Just when baseball had its problems, here comes this young man from Japan with a unique delivery and great ability,” Lasorda said in 1995 as Nomo started the All-Star Game in Texas. “All of a sudden, he’s got the world chasing him and wanting to see him pitch.” Among those watching was Murakami, who became a baseball commentator for NHK after an 18-year pitching career in Japan. Murakami worked many of Nomo’s games at Dodger Stadium and on the road.

    Lasorda was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997. He came out of retirement at age 72 to coach Team USA in the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia. With O’Malley and Dedeaux in attendance, Lasorda’s team – a collection of minor-league players and veteran major-league catcher Pat Borders – stunned Cuba, 4-0, in the Gold Medal game.

    In 2006 Commissioner Bud Selig named Lasorda baseball’s official ambassador for the inaugural World Baseball Classic and did so again in 2009 when the Classic was played at Dodger Stadium. In 2008 Lasorda was honored with the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette, by the Emperor of Japan for his contributions to Japanese baseball. He made countless trips to Japan, serving as a key liaison between the Dodgers and the Orix Buffaloes in their “friendship” agreement.

    “It’s amazing to watch Tommy Lasorda go through an airport in Japan,” said Acey Kohrogi, the Dodgers’ director of Asian operations from 1995 to 2013. “Everyone else gets their identification and passport ready to go through security. Tommy just keeps on walking, smiling and waving.”

    Overall, Lasorda visited 28 countries in his lifetime, including Colombia, Denmark, Monaco, Norway, Bermuda, Egypt, Iraq, Turkey, and Afghanistan. He continued to travel during the next two decades, attending his final game at the 2020 World Series in Arlington, Texas, when Los Angeles defeated Tampa Bay at Globe Life Field, a neutral site necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

    “I don’t know if there was a better ambassador to the game than Tommy,” Fred Claire said. “Not because he was a Dodger, but because who he was. The primary reason was his absolute love of the game. It didn’t matter what country Tommy was in. In his own way, Tommy spoke every language. Obviously, he was always good with Spanish. But Tommy had that way of breaking through all barriers to teach, to promote, and talk about the game.”

    Tommy Lasorda: Baseball’s Global Ambassador and the Los Angeles Dodgers’ 1993 Friendship Tour of Japan
  • The First Baseball Game & Home Run at Meiji Jingu Stadium, October 23, 1926

    The First Baseball Game & Home Run at Meiji Jingu Stadium, October 23, 1926

    by Bill Staples Jr.

    As Meiji Jingu Stadium approaches its centennial under the shadow of demolition, a surprising piece of history is potentially rewriting the ballpark’s record books, and sparking a fascinating debate for baseball purists.

    For decades, historians credited either Keio University’s Saburo Miyatake or Negro Leagues legend Biz Mackey with hitting the first home run at the historic Tokyo stadium in April 1927. But SABR member Bill Staples, Jr., seeking to learn more about the first game played at Jingu, stumbled upon a forgotten milestone from opening weekend in October 1926.

    During the stadium’s inaugural game on October 23, 1926, Meiji University center fielder Fukashi Kumagai launched a towering fly ball into the left-field bleachers for a home run. The catch? The ball technically bounced into the stands. Under 1926 rules, hits like that were celebrated and recorded as a round-tripper everywhere baseball was played. By modern standards, however, it would be a ground-rule double.

    So, who deserves the crown? Does Kumagai’s opening-day blast count as the stadium’s true first home run, or does the honor belong to the traditional over-the-fence power hitters of 1927?

    Head over to Staples’ blog, International Pastime, to explore the evidence, dive into the era’s unique rule modifications and decide for yourself where history stands.

    Click to read the full article