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  • Japan Dominates: The 2018 MLB All-Star Tour of Japan

    Japan Dominates: The 2018 MLB All-Star Tour of Japan

    by Susan Miyagi McCormac

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week  Susan Miyagi McCormac focus on the last MLB All-Star tour of Japan.

    Since baseball’s introduction to Japan in 1872, the Japanese game has evolved from being primarily an amateur sport with large fan bases for high-school and collegiate competitions to its teams being ranked tops in the world. Throughout the last 150 years, there have been varying opinions – from baseball authorities to casual fans – about Japanese players’ abilities to perform well in America’s pastime.

    Cy Young, the major leagues’ all-time wins leader with 511, had disparaging remarks about Japanese players’ ability to pitch and hit, saying that they “will never become great players.”

    “Take the Japanese athlete. He can’t hit worth a hurrah,” Young said in 1910, one year before he pitched his last big-league game at the age of 44. “Every good pitcher has it on him. … A Jap can’t pitch. There is one reason for this, of course. That reason is that they can’t grip the ball. The hands of the Japs are very small. So small, in fact, that for one of them to grip the ball as the pitchers in this country grip it is impossible.”

    Newspapermen the following year echoed Young’s sentiment when the independent professional team known as the Japanese Base Ball Association barnstormed in the Midwest. In his 2020 book Issei Baseball: The Story of the First Japanese American Ballplayers, Robert Fitts documents the struggles and triumphs of Japanese immigrants who were dedicated to playing America’s pastime despite encountering financial hardships and intense discrimination throughout their travels across the United States. Although the press and spectators alike sometimes warmly received the Japanese teams, the criticism could be biting and downright racist. Fitts quotes a writer for the Hutchinson (Kansas) Daily Gazette as saying, “If the delegation of Japanese representing the baseball team in Hutchinson yesterday are considered high class Japanese baseball players, the Americans need to have no fear that the Orientals will rob us of the glory and excitement of our national pastime. … Owing to their small stature they are unable to cover as much ground as the Yankee, can’t throw nor can they think fast enough.”  Three days later, a reporter from the Leavenworth (Kansas) Times wrote, “The game yesterday showed that baseball is a game which belongs to Americans.”

    Japanese professional baseball has made many strides since those early days of taking trains through the heartland of the United States, playing “America’s game” against any opponent who would face them. Masanori “Mashi” Murakami eventually pitched for the San Francisco Giants in 1964, becoming the first Japanese-born player in major-league history. There was a 30-year gap between Murakami and the next Japanese player, Hideo Nomo, but since then several of their countrymen have transitioned from NPB (Nippon Professional Baseball) to the major leagues to throw no-hitters (Nomo twice, in 1996 and 2001, and Hisashi Iwakuma in 2015), earn AL MVPs (Ichiro Suzuki and Shohei Ohtani), and win World Series (most notably Tadahito Iguchi, the first Japanese-born position player to do so; Hideki Matsui, who also earned World Series MVP honors as a New York Yankee in 2009; and pitchers Daisuke Matsuzaka, Hideki Okajima, and Koji Uehara, who won championships with the Boston Red Sox).

    But for every Nomo and Ichiro and Matsui, there were the Kei Igawas, the Kazuo Fukumoris, and the Kenshin Kawakamis whose major-league careers were less than stellar. Many compared NPB to American baseball’s minor-league system, saying that NPB pitchers would have more of a chance to strike out Triple-A batters than the bigger, stronger major leaguers.

    The wider baseball world started to realize the amount of considerable talent in the Far East when Japan won the first two installments of the World Baseball Classic, in 2006 and 2009. After collecting the Bronze Medal in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Samurai Japan captured Gold when Tokyo hosted the 2020 Summer Olympics, which was delayed until 2021 by the global COVID-19 pandemic. As of 2022, Japan was ranked the number-one baseball country in the world, according to the World Baseball Softball Confederation, the governing body for the sports of baseball, softball, and baseball5.

    Major leaguers have played exhibition games in Japan since 1908, and the major-league-Japan All-Star Series began in 1986. Historically, the major leaguers had no trouble winning almost all of those contests handily.  The series took an eight-year break after 2006, since “the advent of the World Baseball Classic made the series in Japan somewhat redundant.”

    The friendly competition resumed in 2014, but with a slight change on the Japan side. Wanting to expose players to the best competition, NPB Commissioner Katsuhiko Kumazaki decided that rather than a team made up of NPB all-stars, Samurai Japan, the national team that represents the country in international contests like the Asian Baseball Championship, the World Baseball Classic, and the Olympics, would play the major leaguers. While there is overlap between a typical NPB all-star team and Samurai Japan, the members of the national team were carefully and thoughtfully chosen because their skills, experience, and – most important – their leadership deemed them “irreplaceable.”

    “We have been going after players, starting with camp scouting in February and watching games this season. In previous games with the US, players wore their respective pro team uniforms, but this time, they will be wearing the Japan uniform when competing with the MLB,” Samurai Japan manager Hiroki Kokubo explained during a press conference in July 2014. “We may have performed well in previous friendly games, but this game will be more of a true exhibition game. Focusing only on winning, playing a serious game.”

    The strategy worked against the MLB All-Stars; Samurai Japan won the 2014 series, 3 games to 2. This determination to build the perfect team that embodied Kokubo’s “Focus Only on Winning” mantra reverberated throughout NPB. Commissioner Kumazaki, who is considered to have played a major role in bringing baseball back to Olympic competition, wanted to continue to strengthen Samurai Japan after the team’s successful campaign in 2014. “We aspire to have our best team,” he said in August 2016, after baseball and softball were reinstated for the 2020 Games in Tokyo. “Our first priority is assembling a team that can win.”

    To Kumazaki, meaningful international competition was the ideal way to prepare Samurai Japan for the Olympics. His successor as commissioner, Atsushi Saito, shared his desire to turn Samurai Japan into Gold Medal winners. When MLB announced that an all-star team would return to Japan in 2018, Saito expressed gratitude for continuing the bilateral relationship between the two countries but made clear his primary objective in playing the major leaguers. “It has been four years since Samurai Japan and MLB last met. With our goal of winning a Gold Medal in the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, this gives our players experience in high-level games against MLB players,” Saito said.

    With the 2018 MLB All-Star tour in Japan, Saito got the meaningful international competition he and Kumazaki wanted. Samurai Japan bested New York Yankees legend and Miami Marlins manager Don Mattingly’s MLB All-Star team, led by veteran Yadier Molina and featuring a host of young stars including Ronald Acuña Jr. and Juan Soto, in a six-game series held in Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagoya in November of that year.

    Managing the Japanese national team was Atsunori Inaba, who had a 20-year playing career in NPB – a decade each with the Yakult Swallows and the Nippon-Ham Fighters – and was the MVP of the 2006 Japan Series and a member of the 2008 Olympic team that lost the Bronze Medal to the United States. He was also part of the 2009 WBC championship team as well as the 2013 team, which finished third. Retiring as a player in 2014, Inaba was on the coaching staff of Hiroki Kokubo’s 2017 Samurai Japan team that had another third-place finish in the WBC. He took over as manager of Samurai Japan in the summer of that year.

    For the 2018 series against the MLB All-Stars, Inaba was fortunate to have a deep roster packed with players who perhaps were not household names to American fans but had accomplished careers in NPB. Among them were Rakuten Golden Eagles pitcher Takayuki Kishi, a four-time all-star who led the Pacific League with a 2.72 ERA in 2018; Shogo Akiyama, NPB’s all-time single-season hits leader (216 in 2015), who also earned multiple Golden Gloves while patrolling the outfield for the Seibu Lions; and Yuki Yanagita, who had just won another Japan Series championship with the SoftBank Hawks and earned Outstanding Player accolades less than a week before the series with MLB began.

    Similarly, the MLB team was ready to compete with a lineup composed of highly respected talent. Along with the aforementioned Molina, Acuña Jr., and Soto, Mattingly had Reds standout Eugenio Suárez, AL stolen-base leader Whit Merrifield of the Royals, and 2017 World Series champion Collin McHugh of Houston to fortify his roster. There was even a Japanese native on the team.

    Right-hander Kenta Maeda, who had a sparkling career for the Hiroshima Carp, compiling a 97-67 record with a 2.39 ERA and earning two Sawamura Awards (2010 and 2015), represented the MLB team as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers. He became the 11th overall Japanese-born player to participate in the all-star tours as a member of the MLB team and the third since Samurai Japan was designated the opponent, following pitchers Hisashi Iwakuma and Tsuyoshi Wada, who both competed in 2014.

    Another Japanese-born defector to team MLB was Hideki Matsui. Beloved in Japan as one of the most popular players to don a Yomiuri Giants uniform, Matsui served as the MLB team’s first-base coach, wearing his familiar number-55 jersey, but with the interlocking NY logo. “It’s such a great thing that I’m back in Japan with this Yankees uniform on,” Matsui said in an article by Alyson Footer on MLB.com. “Even though I’ve never been a first-base coach before, which makes me overanxious, I’ll try not to hurt the team. I’ll try to contribute.”

    One of Matsui’s fellow MLB All-Stars coaches was Hensley Meulens, a Curaçao native who played for the Chiba Lotte Marines in 1994 and the Yakult Swallows in 1995 and 1996, winning the Japan Series in 1995. Another NPB connection on the MLB side was Chris Martin. The Texas Rangers pitcher spent two seasons as a reliever with the Nippon-Ham Fighters and a teammate of Shohei Ohtani. As a member of the 2016 Japan Series championship team, Martin had a 1.07 ERA and 21 saves and was named a Pacific League All-Star. The following season, he made 40 appearances and had a 1.19 ERA. “It would’ve been really, really cool to get to go back to Sapporo and play in Sapporo Dome,” Martin said of the 2018 tour. “I loved the fans there. Being here, though, is amazing, it’s a really cool experience.”

    Before the MLB All-Stars and Samurai Japan faced each other, they each played one friendly as a warm-up. First, on November 7, Samurai Japan lost to the Chinese Taipei National Team (referred to as Taiwan in Japanese newspapers), 6-5, in the Fukuoka Yafuoku! Dome. Chinese Taipei’s starter, Chiang Chen-Yen, and four relievers held Samurai Japan scoreless through eight innings. Then Samurai Japan mounted a furious comeback, scoring all five of its runs in the bottom of the ninth.

    Infielder Kosuke Tanaka led off the inning with a double and scored on Tetsuto Yamada’s RBI single. A single by designated hitter Yuki Yanagita and a walk to Kazuma Okamoto loaded the bases with one out. After pinch-hitter Takuya Kai struck out, Seiji Uebayashi reached on an error that scored a run. A third run crossed the plate on Kazuki Tanaka’s bases-loaded walk. Shuta Tonosaki had a two-run single to make the score 6-5, but the rally fell short as Kosuke Tanaka, who got the ball rolling with his leadoff double, struck out to end the game with two runners on base.

    Inaba thought the fact that his team scored five runs at the end of the game was a good sign moving forward, even though its efforts did not result in a victory. The momentum should carry over into the next game, he said. And it did.

    But he would have to wait because the MLB team’s exhibition was the next night. The major leaguers fared better in their friendly, handing the hometown Yomiuri Giants a 9-6 loss in Tokyo Dome. Tatsunori Hara, the former Giants great who led the Japanese national team to the 2009 World Baseball Classic title, was back for his third stint as Yomiuri’s manager. He was rehired one month before the friendly with the MLB All-Stars. As a player, he spent his entire 15-year career with the Giants, winning the Central League Rookie of the Year award in 1981, the Central League MVP Award two years later, and three Japan Series championships. He also led the Giants to three Japan Series championships as their manager: 2002, 2009, and 2012.

    After the victory Mattingly said his team used the exhibition game to shake off a month’s worth of rust. The Giants seemed to be a bit rusty themselves, especially on defense. They helped the All-Stars score with shortstop Hayato Sakamoto’s throwing error, which plated two runs in the top of the first inning.

    Marlins slugger J.T. Realmuto powered the MLB All-Stars with an RBI double in the third and a solo home run in the fifth. Amed Rosario delivered a two-run single and Yadier Molina, who was the DH with Realmuto catching, added an RBI double to round out the major leaguers’ five-run third inning. Juan Soto, the Washington Nationals slugger who placed second in the 2018 National League Rookie of the Year voting to his All-Stars teammate Ronald Acuña Jr., drove in a run with an infield double off Tokyo Dome’s puffy white ceiling.

    While Soto’s hit evoked images of fly balls clanking in the catwalk at Tropicana Field, the highlight of the game did not come from the MLB All-Stars. Instead, it came from an NPB player who hadn’t even had an NPB plate appearance. Seiya Matsubara was an ikusei, or nonroster developmental player, with Yomiuri until July 31, 2018. (In NPB, ikusei participate in minor-league games and wear jerseys with triple digits on their backs.) The Giants included him on their roster for the MLB friendly, five months before his first NPB season officially started. The 25-year-old came into the game in the fourth inning as a pinch-hitter and drove the first pitch he saw into the outfield, splitting Acuña Jr. and Soto. When all was said and done, Matsubara had a three-run, inside-the-park home run.

    “It was my first ichi-gun (top team) at-bat, so of course I was nervous,” Matsubara, who also added a single in the sixth, said. “Since I joined the team last year, I was determined to make sure I would enjoy my first at-bat. That’s the way I approached it. I’m happy that [it] led to a good result.”

    The outcomes of MLB’s and Samurai Japan’s respective exhibition games did not indicate how the tour itself would go, as Samurai Japan won the six-game series 5 games to 1. By no means was this a beatdown; the games were competitive, some even requiring dramatic comebacks. And it started in Game 1.

    With Samurai Japan trailing 6-4 with one out in the bottom of the ninth, Seiji Uebayashi singled, stole second base, and scored on a two-out single by Tsubasa Aizawa. Then SoftBank’s star center fielder, Yuki Yanagita, hammered a two-run, sayonara home run off MLB closer Kirby Yates to win the game 7-6 and give Samurai Japan a 1-0 lead in the series. “That’s what I’d like to emphasize to all my hitters,” Inaba said of the team’s perseverance in the final frame. “That we should be able to maintain a good situation from one hitter to another so that we will be able to score runs.”

    A solo home run by Amed Rosario in the third, a three-run shot by Carlos Santana in the fifth, and Juan Soto’s two-run blast in the sixth accounted for the All-Stars’ six runs. Shogo Akiyama, who had a bases-clearing double in the bottom of the fifth to tie the score at 4-4, said, “We never felt like we were out of it and knew if we stayed close, we’d have a chance to win.”

    Of his walk-off, Yanagita, who had a walk-off in Game Five of the Japan Series a week earlier, said, “It was a perfect shot.” He later added, “Hopefully I’ll be able to hit more.”

    Yanagita didn’t have to wait long: He was also the hero of Game 2, although late-inning theatrics were not required for this one. He and his teammates scored the first nine runs en route to a 12-6 drubbing of the MLB team at Tokyo Dome. With Samurai Japan the visiting team, Yanagita started the scoring with an RBI single in the top of the first off starter Erasmo Ramirez. In the bottom of the inning, the MLB All-Stars had runners on the corners but failed to score.

    Yanagita hit a two-run home run in the third, also off Ramirez, and added another RBI single off Brian Johnson in Samurai Japan’s four-run fifth. Akiyama added three hits, including a triple, and three RBI. Starting for Samurai Japan, Naoyuki Uwasawa allowed one run – a solo shot by Juan Soto – on four hits with no walks and seven strikeouts over five innings.

    For the MLB All-Stars, J.T. Realmuto continued his hot hitting with a double and a three-run home run, while Kiké Hernández and Kevin Pillar each drove in a run. But it was not enough.

    “The entire lineup was able to string together hits,” Inaba said. “I think we are on the right track now, and I would like to see us continue to do the same in the game tomorrow.”

    They didn’t. The MLB All-Stars were finally able to hold off Samurai Japan to come away with a 7-3 Game 3 victory. Both teams were scoreless until the fourth inning. MLB struck first with a solo shot by Realmuto, who flipped DH/catcher duties with Yadier Molina. Molina caught the game and had a monster night at the plate, going 3-for-5 with a three-run homer. Rounding the bases, the veteran All-Star soaked in the atmosphere of Tokyo Dome. “It was a good feeling to experience that here in front of the Japanese fans,” Molina said. “There is a great crowd here tonight.”

    The crowd of 45,147, as well as the 40,000-plus at each of the first two games, impressed the MLB All-Stars, who were not accustomed to the heightened energy and specific chants for each Japanese player. Whit Merrifield of the Kansas City Royals said, “I was just enjoying it. Because it’s different than it is in the States. So, I was trying to learn the chants for the different guys.” Despite the roar of the crowd, Molina executed a defensive gem in the bottom of the fourth. Samurai Japan had runners on first and second with two outs, but Molina picked off Seiji Uebayashi at first base to end the inning. “We saw a big shift in the momentum in the game tonight in the fourth inning,” Inaba said. “Molina made a really good pickoff move to first base. We should’ve been much more careful.”

    There were no home runs for Yuki Yanagita on this night, just RBI doubles by Shuta Tonosaki, Hotaka Yamakawa, and Ryosuke Kikuchi to account for Samurai Japan’s three runs. Starter Scott Barlow earned the win for the MLB All-Stars after going 4⅓ innings with one run on five hits. Shinsaburo Tawata also went 4⅓ innings, giving up five runs – four earned – on seven hits for the loss.

    The Series traveled to Hiroshima for the fourth game and a matchup of two Carp, one current and one former. The current Carp was Daichi Ohsera, who pitched five innings of two-hit, one-run ball. The only blemish on his ledger was a solo home run by Rhys Hoskins in the second inning. The former Carp was Kenta Maeda, who was a five-time NPB All-Star during his eight years in Hiroshima. The current Dodgers pitcher threw two scoreless innings to start the game against his countrymen, some of whom were his former Carp teammates.

    Once again, Samurai Japan found itself in comeback mode in the ninth inning, but this time, according to the Kyodo News, was “the purest expression of Japan’s game.” The Japanese were the visitors and down two runs. Kazuki Tanaka led off the top of the ninth with a walk issued by Kirby Yates, stole second, and scored on a single by Seiji Uebayashi, who eventually scored after a sacrifice by catcher Tsubasa Aizawa and a base hit by Kosuke Tanaka, tying the game, 3-3. Kosuke Tanaka also stole second base and went to third on a throwing error by J.T. Realmuto. An intentional walk to Shogo Akiyama, who had hit an inside-the-park home run in the eighth, brought Ryosuke Kikuchi to the plate to face John Brebbia, on in relief of Yates. A safety squeeze by Kikuchi brought home Kosuke Tanaka, the go-ahead run. A passed ball moved Kikuchi to second and Akiyama to third, and Yuki Yanagita drove Akiyama home with a groundout. Now with a 5-3 lead, Yasuaki Yamasaki gave up one hit but otherwise shut down the MLB All-Stars for the save.

    With a 3-1 lead in the Series, Samurai Japan would move on to host the MLB All-Stars at the Nagoya Dome for Game 5. Another game, another come-from-behind victory for Samurai Japan, and this one clinched the series, 4 victories to 1. Rhys Hoskins, who had hit a home run the previous night in Hiroshima, started the scoring with a two-run blast off starter Nao Higashihama in the top of the second. Ronald Acuña Jr. doubled and scored on Juan Soto’s single in the third, and Yadier Molina made it 4-1 in the next inning when he doubled home Amed Rosario. The speedy Rosario made it 5-1 in the sixth. He singled and stole second, and Carlos Santana drove him home with a two-out RBI single.

    MLB’s pitching was stellar through six innings. Junior Guerra of the Brewers gave up one run on one hit – a solo home run by Kazuma Okamoto – and struck out seven through five innings before handing the ball over to Hector Velazquez, who pitched a perfect sixth.

    Samurai Japan staged its comeback in the seventh, taking advantage of a costly error by Velazquez. Okamoto scored on an RBI single by Takuya Kai, making the score 5-2. In an attempt to start what should have been an easy double play, Velazquez threw a comebacker from Kazuki Tanaka into center field, scoring Seiji Uebayashi. With Kai on second and Tanaka on first, pinch-hitter Hotaka Yamakawa tied the game, 5-5, with a two-run double. The next inning, Kai again came through with an RBI double that Acuña Jr. bobbled, allowing Uebayashi to race home from first.

    Another botched double-play chance ended the game in a strange way. Mitch Haniger grounded the ball to shortstop Sosuke Genda, who tossed it to second baseman Tetsuto Yamada to retire Kevin Pillar. Yamada’s throw to first was wide and wild. Catcher Takuya Kai backed up the throw in foul territory and fired it back to Yamada, who tagged out Haniger to end the game. Samurai Japan won another wild one, 6-5, and the series. Even with the series in hand, Samurai Japan needed to face the MLB All-Stars the next night for the sixth and final game.

    Twenty-three-year-old Chunichi Dragons pitcher Shotaro Kasahara started Game 6 in his home ballpark, the Nagoya Dome. He retired the first six batters he faced and threw 4⅔ innings of four-hit, no-run baseball to earn the 4-1 victory. Samurai Japan scored all the runs it needed in the top of the second.

    MLB starter Brian Johnson walked Hotaka Yamakawa to lead off the inning and then loaded the bases by allowing singles to catcher Tomoya Mori and left fielder Shuta Tonosaki. A triple by shortstop Sosuke Genda cleared the bases and brought Johnson’s night to an early end. His replacement, Erasmo Ramirez, gave up a sacrifice fly to second baseman Ryosuke Kikuchi that scored Genda.

    Acuña Jr. scored the MLB All-Stars’ lone run, an eighth-inning home run off Kasahara’s Dragons teammate Yu Satoh. Satoh was in a bases-loaded, one-out jam but struck out Robinson Chirinos and Chris Taylor to end the inning and prevent further damage. Yasuaki Yamasaki pitched a one-two-three ninth inning for the save.

    Since 1986 there have been 12 All-Star series, and t he five wins in 2018 are the most for a Japanese team. It was the second consecutive time that the Japanese national team, rather than a team of NPB all-stars, faced the MLB All-Stars, and Samurai Japan won both meetings. Prior to that, the MLB All-Stars had a 9-1 series lead. Perhaps more significant, Saito’s and Kumazaki’s dreams of Olympic Gold came true three years later in Tokyo, as Samurai Japan fittingly defeated the US team, 2-0. Several stars from the 2018 series contributed to Samurai Japan’s success in 2021, including Tetsuto Yamada and Yuki Yanagita.

    While the series are competitive and help both sides prepare for other international contests like the World Baseball Classic or the Olympics, a key component of the tours is the cultural exchange and fostering of goodwill and understanding between the two countries. When the 2018 series moved to Hiroshima, Don Mattingly, Kenta Maeda, and Mitch Haniger visited Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. Mattingly laid a wreath at the Cenotaph for the Victims of the Atomic Bomb in memory of the lives lost to the atomic bombing of the city during World War II.

    “Personally, it’s humbling to stand in front of the memorial and also an honor to be here as part of MLB to represent our game and bring our two countries and two leagues together to be able play in this great city,” Mattingly said.

    On a lighter note, the MLB delegation was happy to interact with fans, signing autographs and giving away bats, shoes, hats, and T-shirts. Some players, such as Rhys Hoskins and Whit Merrifield, took it a step further and immersed themselves in the culture, documenting their off-field experiences on social media as they visited tourist attractions, sampled food, and dressed in kimonos. Hoskins tweeted, “Confirmed: the Tokyo Fish Market has the best tuna you will ever have.”

    Lighthearted moments and serious competition have become hallmarks of the MLB-Japan series. It’s become increasingly clear that baseball isn’t simply America’s game; it’s the international pastime.

    Read the full article on the SABR website

    Japan Dominates: The 2018 MLB All-Star Tour of Japan
  • Eiji Sawamura:

    Eiji Sawamura:

    Japan’s Number One

    by Gary Cieradkowski

    Before dawn on December 2nd, 1944, the USS Sea Devil, a U.S. Navy Balao-class submarine, quietly stalked a Japanese convoy near Kyushu, the southern-most part of the Japanese islands. Radar showed at least 11 escorted targets, and the Sea Devil surfaced in the pre-dawn darkness to track the convoy by sight. 

    A sudden wave nearly swamped the surfaced sub — a sailor was washed off the bridge and onto the deck below, and water poured into the open hatch, flooding the crew’s mess, radio room, and both of its dual engine rooms. Fortunately, the damage was repairable, and in one of the engine rooms, Motor Machinist Mate 3rd Class Ray Ebbets worked hard alongside the rest of the black gang to get their station back online. 

    To those of the crew who were baseball fans, the Motor Machinist Mate’s last name must have rung a bell, for Ray Ebbets’ grandfather was Charlie Ebbets, the owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers and the man for whom Ebbets Field was named.

    But all that didn’t matter at that moment. The Sea Devil was on a trajectory to intercept a Japanese convoy, and as the rest of the crew hastened to repair their stations, the men in the extreme fore and aft of the sub armed and loaded their torpedo tubes. The captain of the USS Sea Devil, Commander Ralph Styles, ordered the watch below decks, the hatches shut, and all preparations to submerge. Lingering just below the surface, the skipper watched the convoy through the periscope, maneuvering his sub closer and closer to the convoy, trying to gain the best angle of attack.

    Satisfied with his position, Captain Styles launched four torpedoes at a freighter and, after missing, quickly ordered two more fired at another one. This time, the torpedoes hit, and within minutes, the freighter began slipping beneath the sea. Captain Styles swung his vulnerable sub out of the path of a destroyer escort and fired four more torpedoes at a troop ship. The Sea Devil was now almost directly in the path of the convoy. 

    The skipper sounded the dive alarm, and the sub headed for the safety of the deep sea. On the way down, everyone on board, from Captain Styles to Motor Machinist Mate Ebbets, could hear the massive explosion as the Sea Devil’s torpedoes ripped into the hull of the troop ship and ignited the stores of ammunition carried in her second hold. Although they couldn’t see it, the Hawaii Maru disintegrated in the massive explosion, killing every last man aboard her.

    Among the 1,843 soldiers of the Japanese 23rd Division who perished that morning on the Hawaii Maru was Lieutenant Eiji Sawamura. Besides being recently promoted from the ranks before shipping out on what was supposed to be his third combat deployment, Eiji Sawamura also happened to be Japan’s greatest baseball pitcher and its first sports superstar. To Ray Ebbets and even the most dedicated baseball fans amongst the crew of the Sea Devil, the name Sawamura probably wouldn’t have rung a bell. But, if you added that he was the Japanese schoolboy who struck out Babe Ruth, Jimmie Foxx, Lou Gehrig, and Charlie Gehringer, you then might have gotten more than a few to exclaim: “Oh yeah!”

    JUST OVER 10 YEARS earlier, in what must have seemed like another world, Eiji Sawamura was a 17-year-old high school student with a blazing fastball and tantalizing curve who was hand-picked to represent his country against an American all-star team led by Babe Ruth. 

    Born in Mie Prefecture on February 1, 1917, Eiji Sawamura was raised to be a ballplayer. His father Kenji had played years earlier when the game was first introduced to the island by American schoolteachers and visiting sailors, and he passed his love of the game down to his firstborn son. After years of practice with his father, Sawamura developed sharp control, lightning speed (for his age), and a baffling curve. 

    Sawamura became his elementary school’s baseball team’s starting pitcher in the 4th grade. The following year, he pitched the school to victory in the Mie Prefecture tournament. In the national tournament, Sawamura’s team was defeated in the third round, but his fifteen strikeouts per game average raised eyebrows. 

    In 1933, Sawamura entered Kyoto Commercial High School. Because the school had only just started a baseball program, none of its players could match Sawamura’s experience and skill. When Sawamura single-handedly pitched the school into the quarterfinals of the national tournament, Kyoto Commercial became known as a “one-man team.”

    In the 1934 spring season, Kyoto Commercial was eliminated in the second round of the national tournament but advanced to the quarterfinals in the summer tournament. In one round, Sawamura struck out 23 of the 27 batters he faced. His fastball was so overpowering that one team prepared to face him by having their pitcher throw batting practice one meter closer to the plate to replicate Sawamura’s velocity. He would strike out 97 batters over 48 innings before Kyoto Commercial was eliminated in the quarterfinals.

    In a regular-season game that fall, Sawamura made headlines when he whiffed 36 in a 16-inning game. By now, Eiji Sawamura was by far the best high school pitcher on the island. All of Japan’s “Big 6” universities were vying with one another to recruit Sawamura after graduation. Unfortunately, according to the article “Strikes, Sacrifice, and Glory: The Life of Eiji Sawamura” by James Hoadley, “Sawamura left Kyoto Commercial after a disciplinary incident involving a teammate, which prevented him from further participating in student baseball.” 

    FOR A WHILE, it looked like Eiji Sawamura’s baseball career was stopped just as it was starting. At the time, there wasn’t a professional baseball league in Japan, and college competition was the highest level a ballplayer could aspire to. If Sawamura wanted to continue playing baseball, it would be strictly on a recreational level.

    However, Matsutaro Shoriki, president of the Yomiuri Shimbun, Japan’s leading newspaper, was setting a plan in motion to create his country’s first professional baseball league. The first step was to generate nationwide interest in the game. To accomplish this, Shoriki arranged for Philadelphia Athletics owner and manager Connie Mack to bring a Major League all-star team headed by Babe Ruth to tour the island. The tour would take place in the fall and winter, following the end of the 1934 major league season. And since this would be the most high-profile assembly of American ballplayers ever to tour the island, Shoriki needed a Japanese team that could challenge the professionals and whip up interest and pride in his fellow countrymen.

    When American teams had toured Japan in the past, their competition was usually college and recreational clubs. For this grand tour, Shoriki aimed to assemble an all-island all-star team, “Dai Nippon” (All-Japan), comprising the best ballplayers in the country. If the tour was a success, as he believed it would be, this all-star team would then form the nucleus of Japan’s first professional league.

    After his impressive performance in the high school championships, Eiji Sawamura was a shoo-in for Shoriki’s team that would challenge the Americans. Tadao Ichioka, the head of the Yomiuri Shimbun’ssports department, traveled to Kyoto to recruit the young pitcher. According to baseball historian Robert Fitts, the newspaper offered to pay him 120 yen ($36) per month, a nice sum in Japan at the time. Sawamura’s father Kenji encouraged his son to accept the offer.

    After mulling it over, and, according to a 2021 Yomiuri Shimbun article, Matsutaro Shoriki promising him he would “take care of him for life,” Sawamura decided it was a gamble he was willing to take. If Shoriki’s league was a success, he could potentially make a good enough living to send his younger siblings to college. Of course, there was also the honor of representing his country against the world’s best ballplayers and seeing how he would personally perform when pitted against them. 

    DAI NIPPON would be the best aggregation of native baseball talent ever assembled in the country. Besides 17-year-old Eiji Sawamura, the roster was carefully curated from current and former collegiate stars, including Jiro Kuji, Naotaka Makino, Osamu Mihara, Shigeru Mizuhara, and Minoru Yamashita, all of whom would become future members of the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame. Also recruited to Dai Nippon was another teenage high school pitcher, Russian emigre Victor Starffin. 

    The tour unfolded as expected; the Americans beat Dai Nippon in seven straight contests. In his first two appearances against the Americans, Sawamura was hit hard. It wasn’t something to be ashamed of; the Americans won every game by a large margin, outscoring Dai Nippon 77 to 13 runs. No Japanese pitcher had been able to handle the seasoned professionals. It was his third try in which Eiji Sawamura made history and became an instant legend.

    The November 20, 1934 game took place at Kusanagi Stadium in Shizuoka, a city about 80 miles south of Yokohama at the foot of Mt. Fuji. With the midday sun at his back, the 17-year-old took the mound before 30,000 fans and proceeded to put the Americans down without giving up a hit. 

    In the bottom of the fourth inning, Sawamura faced lead-off batter Eric McNair, shortstop of the Athletics, who hit a harmless pop fly for the first out. Future Hall of Famer and 6-time all-star Charlie Gehringer was up next. One of the toughest men in the majors to strike out, Sawamura did just that, with a bit of help from the glaring sun behind him. Next, the great Babe Ruth took his place at the plate. Although the big man was at the end of his storied career, he could still pound the ball. The local teams he faced on the tour presented no real obstacle to him, and he hit one home run after another, captivating the appreciative Japanese fans. 

    Although he hadn’t performed all that well against the Americans, Sawamura had fanned the Bambino 10 days earlier and went into his windup knowing that the Babe was indeed fallible. Two fastballs and one curve later, he struck the big fella out again to end the inning. 

    In the bottom of the fifth, Sawamura took the mound to face Lou Gehrig. With his big leg kick, sizzling fastball, and that midday sun, Gehrig went down swinging. The Japanese crowd, who had routinely rooted for the American stars thus far, now began to sense that something magical was happening. Ever since the turn of the century, American teams had come to Japan and thoroughly defeated the local competition. In most games, it wasn’t even a close contest, but here and now, a home-grown ballplayer was striking out the greatest baseball players in the world.

    The giant Philadelphia Athletics first baseman Jimmie Foxx was up next. His muscular physique had intimidated even the best pitchers in the American League, but here in far-off Japan, an unknown 17-year-old high school kid struck out the 9-time all-star. That Earl Averill broke the strikeout streak by getting thrown out on a grounder didn’t matter, nor did it that the Americans would win the game 1-0 on a Lou Gehrig home run — Eiji Sawamura was an instant national hero.

    After the game, Connie Mack reportedly offered to take the pitcher back to America with him. “If you train him thoroughly on a farm team for three years at the age of 18” Mack said, “he would surely be useful in the major leagues.” Sawamura declined; he didn’t know English and didn’t want to leave Japan. American newspapers picked up the story, and while many baseball fans might not have known the kid’s name, they sure knew the story of the Japanese schoolboy who struck out Ruth, Gehrig, Gehringer, and Foxx. 

    By the time the tour left Japan, Sawamura had struck out every big leaguer on the team except Bing Miller at least once. The American all-stars spoke highly of the young pitcher, telling reporters that with a few more years of seasoning, he could make the major leagues.

    MEANWHILE, Matsutaro Shoriki and Tadao Ichioka retained most of the specially assembled team to form the nucleus of the Dai Nippon Tokyo Yakyu Club (Great Japan Tokyo Baseball Club). The plan was to send the team on an exhibition tour of North America the following spring with the goal of improving their baseball skills by playing against professional players. 

    “Schoolboy Sawamura” was already known to American sports fans due to his strikeout performance against Ruth and company and would be the key to the success of the tour. 

    However, the teenage pitcher remained on the fence. He had planned on attending Keio University and pitching for the school’s formidable baseball team. Foregoing college and joining the new professional league would be a considerable risk. However, Sawamura’s father, Kenji, encouraged his son to accept the opportunity. Besides the honor of being among the first members of Japan’s first professional baseball league, the money would be a big help to his family.

    The team, mercifully renamed the “Tokyo Giants,” played from Canada to Mexico and as far east as Cincinnati. Along with fellow pitcher Victor Starffin, Eiji Sawamura was the toast of the American media. Sawamura had mediocre success pitching against minor league Pacific Coast League teams but did exceptionally well against mid-level semi-pro competition. His fastball was estimated to be in the low 90s, and observers judged his curve to be of major league quality. 

    While in Milwaukee, a man approached Eiji Sawamura before a game. Thrusting a piece of paper at him, the young pitcher, who didn’t speak or read English, thought he was signing yet another autograph for a grateful fan. It was only after that same man confronted the Tokyo Giants’ manager to inquire when Sawamura would report to the Pittsburgh Pirates, that it finally became clear that the “fan” was actually a major league scout! According to the Giants’ business manager, Sotaro Suzuki, it took a small payoff to convince the scout to tear up the contract.

    It was fortunate that the contract was voided, because by the time the tour ended, Sawamura had come to dislike North America. According to newspaper accounts, the pitcher couldn’t adjust to the lack of rice at mealtime and blamed it for what he perceived to be his poor performance on the tour. He didn’t like the arrogance of North American women, and the Western culture differed too much from what he was used to back in Japan. Although it may have been tempting to join a professional American baseball team, Eiji Sawamura was destined to return to Japan and become a founding member of that country’s first professional baseball league.

    FROM THE START of its first season in 1936, Eiji Sawamura was the undisputed star. Tokyo Giants’ teammate Victor Starffin was Sawamura’s equal in talent, but he was a foreigner of Russian parentage. Sawamura was pure Japanese, and the fans loved and regarded him almost as a God. But despite the level of talent on the Tokyo Giants, the team performed poorly in the first half of the season, winning only two of their seven games. Despite Sawamura’s ERA of 2.18, the lack of his teammates’ effort led to his disappointing one-win and one-loss record. 

    The young pitcher must have been having second thoughts about ditching a college education for this new league. Sawamura loathed his teammates for not taking the game seriously, laughing off losses and partying late into the night. Before the second half of the 1936 season, the Tokyo Giants initiated a rigorous training program to whip the team into shape. At first, the dejected pitcher watched the workouts with disinterest. However, inspired by rookie Katsumi Shiraishi’s tireless work ethic and iron discipline rekindled Sawamura’s enthusiasm. The training paid off, and the Giants began playing like real professionals. 

    The highlight of the season came when Eiji Sawamura pitched the first no-hitter in Japanese professional baseball. The Friday, September 25 game at Koshien Stadium against the Osaka Tigers was immortalized not just for Sawamura’s pitching, but also for the extraordinary odds he overcame to accomplish it. 

    By the sixth inning, it became clear that Sawamura was on his way to a possible no-hitter. Giants catcher, Takeshi Nakayama, was told by some of the Tigers players that a no-hitter would be embarrassing to their team. Understanding the weight embarrassment carried in Japanese culture, Nakayama began signaling to the Osaka batters which pitch was coming. This was a dangerous strategy as the Giants had scored only a single run thus far, and a couple of well-placed hits could not only cost Sawamura a no-hitter but also the game. However, even with Nakayama giving away the pitches, the Tigers could not overcome Sawamura’s complete dominance that day. The 19-year-old continued to mow down the Tigers and won the game, 1-0.

    The Tokyo Giants finished in second place behind the Osaka Tigers. Eiji Sawamura was the league’s best pitcher with a 13-2 record and 1.04 ERA. In the three-game championship series against Osaka, Sawamura won two games to give the Tokyo Giants their first title.

    Eiji Sawamura was even better in the first half of the 1937 season. On May 1, he no-hit the Osaka Tigers a second time and then set a record for the new league with five consecutive wins. All spring, Tokyo and Osaka were locked in an exciting pennant race. Going into the final two games of the season, Osaka was up by a game and a half in the standings. Despite suffering from an eye injury, Sawamura took the mound and beat the Tigers in the first game, then came back the following day to beat them again, clinching the pennant for the Giants. 

    His 24 wins, 0.81 ERA and 196 strikeouts earned him the first pitcher’s Triple Crown in Japanese history and he received the very first Most Valuable Player Award.

    Sawamura won another nine games in the Fall season, bringing his 1937 record to 33-10 with a 1.38 ERA. His complete dominance over the competition can be seen in his ten shutouts and 325 strikeouts. 

    AT THE HEIGHT of his fame, Eiji Sawamura was asked to represent his country once again, this time in the Japanese Imperial Army. At his induction physical, the pitcher was singled out as the ultimate specimen of Japanese manhood. The press that eagerly covered his induction quoted army officers crediting baseball and sports in general as the ideal way for the country’s youth to prepare for battle. Sawamura trained as an infantryman and, in April 1938, was sent off to war.

    Japan had been skirmishing with China off and on since 1931, and beginning in 1937, had been waging full-on war, trying to conquer the entire country. 

    As he battled across China with the 33rd Infantry Regiment, the Japanese newspapers following the ballplayer wrote fanciful stories of how his great pitching arm was now put to use lobbing grenades so accurately that he saved his comrades time and again from certain death. Sawamura was shot in his left arm in the fall of 1938, but recovered quickly and rejoined his unit in the field. 

    When out of the front lines, he gave morale-boosting exhibitions, throwing the heavy hand grenades in distance competitions for the benefit of grateful troops and newsreel cameras. The Japanese press ate it up, and baseball fans back home devoured news of their great hero.

    HAVING COMPLETED his military service, the pitcher returned to the Giants in 1940. Now 24 years old, Sawamura had contracted malaria in China and suffered from insomnia. The two years of fighting and hand grenade exhibitions had done severe damage to his arm. His control was still as sharp as it ever was, but the famed fastball was left somewhere back in China. Now, he had to rely on outsmarting the opposition with his brains instead of speed. 

    Though he tossed his third no-hitter that season, Sawamura wasn’t the pitcher he had once been. His record of seven wins and one loss appear impressive on the surface, but the Japanese Professional Baseball League was a shadow of its former self, with many of its better players serving in the military. Even with the lesser-quality opposition, he slipped to a 9-5 record the following season. 

    Victor Starffin replaced him as the Giants’ number one starter, something the competitive Sawamura bitterly resented. “I’m not going to lose to him yet,” Sawamura told his teammate Shigeru Mizuhara, “I’ll throw a faster ball than him.”

    Eiji Sawamura’s effectiveness might have slipped, but he was still the idol of baseball fans nationwide, and his mere presence on the mound pulled in the crowds. He married his long-time sweetheart, Sakai Yuko, in May 1941, and not long after, he was recalled to active duty.

    WHEN THE JAPANESE ARMY invaded the Philippines in December 1941, Eiji Sawamura was with them. Where he once challenged the Americans on the baseball field, he now fought them on the field of battle. Brought up in the way of the modern warrior where surrender is not an option, Sawamura could not hide his disdain for the Americans when they put down their rifles and surrendered. 

    Because of his great fame, Eiji Sawamura became a valuable propaganda tool. Newspapers one again carried stories about how his legendary accuracy in throwing hand grenades was put to use saving himself and his comrades from certain doom at the hands of the Americans. When interviewed by visiting newspaper correspondents, Sawamura repeated false rumors of American atrocities against Japanese civilians that enraged the people back home. Most importantly, Eiji Sawamura’s example of sacrifice and duty inspired many who aspired to emulate their hero.

    SAWAMURA WAS DISCHARGED in the spring of 1943, and he rejoined the Tokyo Giants once again. In 1940, he was able to rely on his famed control to stay competitive when his speed left him, but a year in the Philippine jungles robbed him of even that last remaining talent. Sawamura was forced to alter his delivery from an overhand to a sidearm motion. 

    Working through shoulder pain and debilitating bouts of malaria, Sawamura was only able to appear in eleven innings over four games for the Giants. He was 0-3, giving up 17 runs on 17 hits, walking 12, and striking out just 2 batters. Unable to contribute as a pitcher, Sawamura took on the role of mentor to the younger players and assistant to rookie manager Haruyasu Nakajima.

    When Eiji Sawamura had not received a contract for the 1944 season, he visited the offices of the Tokyo Giants in person. A team official bluntly notified him that he had been fired. Undaunted, the pitcher considered offers from several other teams, but the owner of the Giants, Sotaro Suzuki, convinced him to retire. He reasoned that it would be useless to try to cling to past glory, as it would do nothing except cheapen his memory. He was a hero to millions of his countrymen, and as such, he should go out with grace and honor. Eiji Sawamura reluctantly agreed.

    Sawamura took a job as a clerk in a defense plant. With only a high school education, he was not qualified for high-paying jobs and struggled to pay bills. He had a hard time adjusting to life outside of the spotlight and resented having to live under his in-laws’ roof. He stubbornly insisted to his wife that there was still a place for him with the Giants. 

    The world did get a little brighter when he and Sakai Yuko welcomed a daughter. Sawamura gradually came to peace with being fired from the Giants and bore no grudge towards the management. He told his family he was looking forward to this new era of his life.

    BUT THEN, with the Japanese Navy all but destroyed and the Imperial Army being wiped out island by island, Sawamura found himself recalled into the service a third time. Sawamura’s father, Kenji, believed it was he who was responsible for his son repeatedly being sent off to war. If only he had encouraged his son to pursue college instead of a professional baseball career, his higher education would have spared him from being sent to the front.

    Eiji Sawamura and his unit shipped out for the Philippines on November 27th. Gone were the cheering fans that saw him off at the dock the two previous times he left for the war. Only his father watched as the ship steamed out of Yokohama harbor and disappeared over the horizon.  

    Five days later, the ship would cross paths with the USS Sea Devil, and Lieutenant Eiji Sawamura would be among the 1,843 soldiers of the Japanese 23rd Division who perished that morning.

    AFTER THE WAR, baseball played a crucial role in restoring normalcy and pride to a devastated Japan. Eiji Sawamura, in part due to the timely retirement that preserved his legacy, was held up as Japan’s greatest ballplayer. His death in the war also helped promote an anti-militarist feeling amongst the Japanese people. 

    In 1947, the Japanese magazine Nekkyu established the Eiji Sawamura Award, given annually to the best pitcher in the Nippon Professional Baseball League. That same year, the Tokyo Giants retired the number 14 he wore during his tenure with the team. And when the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame was founded in 1959, Eiji Sawamura was among the first nine inductees. To this day, Eiji Sawamura remains a legend, often referred to simply as “Japan’s Number One.”

    Visit Gary Cieradkowski’s website to read more fascinating baseball stories, purchase his books and award-winning baseball cards, including one of Eiji Sawamura.

    087 Eiji Sawamura
  • 2014 Suzuki All-Star Series: Samurai Japan vs. MLB All-Stars

    2014 Suzuki All-Star Series: Samurai Japan vs. MLB All-Stars

    by CARTER CROMWELL

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week  CARTER CROMWELL focuses on the 2014 Suzuki All-Star Series when team Samurai Japan shocked the visiting MLB All-Stars.

    On June 10, 2014, Major League Baseball and the Major League Baseball Players Association announced that the Nichibei Yakyu All-Star Series would be held in the fall after an eight-year hiatus. In 2006 the Japan Professional Baseball Players Association had voted not to participate in the event after 2006 as the World Baseball Classic had made MLB-Japan all-star exhibition series meaningless. “The majority of the players felt the series, an exhibition, placed a great burden on the players in an environment in which meaningful competitions, including the World Baseball Classic, existed, and that the historic role of the regular All-Star Series had run its course,” explained Takuya Yamazaki, an attorney for the players union.

    Although Jim Small, president of Major League Baseball Japan, worked to restart the series, the players union maintained its stance until early 2014, when it agreed that resuming the series would be mutually beneficial. Japan had won the World Baseball Classic in both 2006 and 2009 but had finished third in 2013. The squad needed an edge to regain the championship. Instead of bringing together a group of all-stars to face the major leaguers as they had done in the past, the Japanese decided to pit their national team, Samurai Japan, against the MLB All-Stars.

    “Samurai Japan is about winning the WBC and this is part of that buildup and the players are behind it,” said Toru Matsubara, the secretary general of the Japan Professional Baseball Players Association. “We don’t see these games as exhibitions,” added Kenjiro Kato, a national team senior staff member. “We are treating them as meaningful competitions.”

    Led by Samurai Japan manager Hiroki Kokubo, the Japanese squad consisted of the national team players not under contract to major-league teams. Masahiro Tanaka and Ichiro Suzuki of the New York Yankees and Yu Darvish of the Texas Rangers, for example, were ineligible. But the squad contained plenty of top players including Tetsuto Yamada of the Tokyo Yakult Swallows, Yuki Yanigata of the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks, Ryosuke Kikuchi of the Hiroshima Carp, and 20-year-old two-way player Shohei Ohtani of the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters.

    To face Samurai Japan, MLB would once again send a team of all-stars. Commissioner Bud Selig announced, “Major League Baseball is delighted that many of our finest players will represent our sport during the 2014 Japan All-Star Tour.” But there were questions from some about whether the US team was truly all-star caliber. After the roster was announced, Jon Heyman of CBS tweeted, “appreciate their service, but of the mlb ‘all-stars’ playing in Japan, 21 of 29 players were never all-stars.” This is not to say that the MLB club was a bad one – not at all. It included Jose Altuve, Robinson Canó, Yasiel Puig, Evan Longoria, and Justin Morneau. But there were others who were solid major leaguers but could not be considered all-stars – for example, Erik Kratz, Drew Butera, Tommy Hunter, Jeremy Guthrie, Jerry Blevins, and Jeff Beliveau.

    The team also included two Japanese-born players. Hisashi Iwakuma had played in Nippon Professional Baseball for 11 seasons, winning the 2008 Eiji Sawamura Award and two Best Nine Awards, before signing with the Seattle Mariners in 2012. He became the team’s best starter in 2013 with a 14-6 record and 2.66 ERA as he finished third in the American League Cy Young Award voting. This was Iwakuma fourth Nichibei All-Star series. He played for the Japanese team in 2002 and 2004 and for the major leaguers in 2012 and 2014. Tsuyoshi Wada, a former star with the Softbank Hawks who struggled with injuries after signing with the Baltimore Orioles in late 2011, had a breakthrough season with the Cubs in 2014, earning him a spot on the MLB team. “It’s an honor, even though I feel a little weird being on the American side,” Wada said. “But it’s going to be something I treasure for all of my baseball life.”

    The MLB All-Stars congregated in Los Angeles on November 7 and spent two days working out before arriving in Osaka, Japan, on Sunday, November 9. The team practiced the next day in preparation for an exhibition game against a team made up of players from the Hanshin Tigers and Yomiuri Giants.

    The opening exhibition took place on November 11 before a crowd of 26,946 at Koshien Stadium, home of the Hanshin Tigers. The game celebrated the 80th year of professional baseball in Japan, and the Japanese players wore uniforms identical to those worn by the All Nippon team during the famous 1934 All-American tour led by Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and Jimmie Foxx.

    The MLB All-Stars took a 2-0 lead in the fourth inning when Alcides Escobar scored on a double-play grounder by Carlos Santana, and Yasiel Puig later drove in Robinson Canó with a single. Then the major leaguers displayed their power – a fifth-inning grand slam by Evan Longoria off reliever Yuki Egarashi of Yomiuri and solo homers by Salvador Perez in the sixth and Dexter Fowler in the seventh gave them an 8-1 lead.

    MLB starter Chris Capuano of the New York Yankees pitched four scoreless innings, giving up only one hit, walking one batter, and striking out three. “Overall, I pitched pretty well,” Capuano said. “It wasn’t cold out there. Actually, it was perfect for pitching.”

    After scoring their first run in the bottom of the sixth on Hiroki Uemoto’s RBI double, the Japanese then scored five times in the seventh, highlighted by a two-run triple from Yomiuri’s Taishi Ohta off reliever Franklin Morales. The Japanese got another run in the eighth inning on a fielding error by Jose Altuve, who was making a rare appearance at shortstop, to narrow the score to 8-7, but they could get no closer. “Tonight was more than we could have asked for,” MLB manager John Farrell said. “We were able to get every position player on the field [and] were able to go to our bullpen, but their competitiveness forced us to make some plays.” Rob Wooten, a pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers, was impressed with historic Koshien Stadium. “When Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig and that team went over in 1934, that’s where they played. So it’s kind of like their Fenway. It’s a really old ballpark, but it’s pretty neat. … I hadn’t played on an all-dirt infield since Little League, so it was different in that aspect. Even from the mound to home plate, it looked very different, being all dirt.”

    Game 1 of the five-game series, the first against the Japan national team, took place the next day at the Kyocera Dome in Osaka. Samurai Japan took a 2-0 victory behind five strong innings by starter Kenta Maeda of the Hiroshima Carp. A series of relievers, highlighted by Shohei Ohtani’s one-two-three eighth inning, maintained the shutout. The major leaguers got only three hits.

    The Japanese scored two runs off starter Matt Shoemaker of the Los Angeles Angels, who had just completed a fine rookie season with a 16-4 mark, and those proved to be enough. Nobuhiro Matsuda of the Softbank Hawks hit a sacrifice fly in the second to score Softbank teammate Seiichi Uchikawa. In the fourth inning, Matsuda reached on an errant throw by second baseman Canó and scored on an RBI single by Tetsuto Yamada. “[B]eing able to score early was big,” Japan’s manager Kokubo said. “I was really proud of our pitching staff tonight.”

    Maeda, rumored to be a candidate to jump to the majors (though that did not happen until 2016), allowed a one-out single to Canó and then walked Longoria in the first inning before settling down and getting out of the inning. He gave up two hits and two walks and threw 71 pitches in five innings. “I am happy to finish my outing with a good result, especially in the first official game of the series,” Maeda said. “They made me throw a few more pitches than I wanted in the first inning, but I got my rhythm after that.” Farrell added, “Very good pitching on their part tonight. We got an opportunity in the first inning … but Maeda really settled in with an assortment of pitches for strikes.”

    Ohtani, then 3½ years away from his major-league debut, thrilled the crowd and impressed the major leaguers with a fastball that reached 98.8 mph. “To see a guy who’s his age [20] throw nearly 100 miles an hour, that’s an impressive-looking young pitcher,” Farrell said. “It seemed like he had very good poise [and] … a long, loose body that’s got tremendous arm speed.” Morneau added, “He’s young, but he didn’t look scared at all. He was attacking. I think at his age, to be able to throw that hard and throw the ball over the plate is the most important thing. If you can locate and throw that hard, you can be as dominant a pitcher as anybody. He’s young, so he’ll be here for a long time.” Fowler concurred: “He’s good. Great arm. He’s aggressive, which is awesome. You don’t see that often from a young kid.”

    The teams had a day off before playing November 14, 15, and 16 at the Tokyo Dome. In Game 2 the Japanese pounded out 14 hits in an 8-4 victory. All but two of Japan’s runs were scored after two batters were out. “They did a very good job of not giving in to record that third out,” Farrell acknowledged. Center fielder Yuki Yanagita of Softbank led the attack with a single, double, and triple and four RBIs. For good measure, he also stole a base. Ryosuke Kikuchi of Hiroshima went 3-for-5 and drove in two runs; Nobuhiro Matsuda of Softbank had three hits, including a solo home run; and Hikaru Itoh of the Orix Buffaloes had two hits and an RBI.

    Both of the Japanese-born players on the MLB team had disappointing performances. Starter Iwakuma gave up five runs in four innings, and relief pitcher Tsuyoshi Wada allowed two runs in 1⅔ innings. “I was so nervous out there,” Iwakuma said. “I couldn’t really have a good performance, but I’d been looking forward to pitching back at home and I had a lot of fun.”

    Reliever Rob Wooten, who relieved Iwakuma in the fifth inning, noted that the bullpens at Tokyo Dome were not behind the outfield walls but underneath the field, near the clubhouses. Their isolation led to a shock when he entered the game. He said:

    The first time you’re exposed to the [game’s] atmosphere is when you’re on the mound. You’re in the bullpen and it’s dead quiet and you’re watching the game on TV … and then all of a sudden you’re in mayhem – horns, drums and all kinds of stuff. You really have to calm your emotions down real quick. If you let your emotions get to you, you’re going to be pretty jumpy out there. I did a pretty decent job of that and got right to work. … [T]he first pitch I threw was a strike, so that calmed me down.

    They have very good fans with a high baseball IQ. I noticed most of the time it was really, really loud when they were hitting but pretty quiet when they were pitching. For instance, I noticed when it was two strikes and two outs and all they had to do was get one out to win the game andthe series, nobody was standing. Nobody was clapping. It was extremely quiet – here in the States, your closer is on the mound and there are two outs, 40,000 people are standing and cheering to get that last out – but then once the out was made, everyone started standing up and clapping. But when they are hitting, it’s a whole different world. There’s cheering, people jumping around … horns … drums. … It’s just, wow.

    Samurai starter Chihiro Kaneko recorded the win, surrendering three hits and three runs while striking out five in five innings. Justin Morneau hit a two-run homer off Kaneko in the second inning, scoring Longoria ahead of him, but the Americans could do no more damage. “[Kaneko] made pitches when he needed to,” Morneau said. “We never really got anything going. We never really got any rallies going or situations where we could put a lot of pressure on him. He was able to get ahead and then … throw his split and get us to chase [it].”

    Asked if the results of the first two games indicated that the gap between the level of play in Japan and the major leagues was closing, Yanagita joked, “I don’t think they’re really playing seriously, are they? I don’t know, though. Today, I was lucky that I was able to make good contact.”

    The series went from bad to worse for the visitors. The next night in game 3 as four Samurai pitchers – starter Takahiro Norimoto (Rakuten) and relievers Yuki Nishi (Orix), Kazuhisa Makita (Seibu), and Yuji Nishino (Chiba Lotte) – combined to no-hit the Americans en route to a 4-0 victory. It was the first time in history that Japanese pitchers had no-hit a visiting American professional team.

    Norimoto, who struck out six batters and retired all 15 he faced, said, “I did more than I thought I was capable of. It felt so great. This is a big stage we’re playing on, so I’d say it was the best pitching I’ve ever done.” Farrell commented, added, “He attacked the strike zone. … [W]hen you have that power of 94-96 (mph) with some late action … [you are a] very difficult pitcher to face. Even in some fastball counts, he did an outstanding job of locating his fastball down at the bottom of the strike zone. … On a night like tonight, you tip your hat to a very good pitcher.”

    Hayato Sakamoto of the Yomiuri Giants and Sho Nakata of the Nippon Ham Fighters hit two-run homers in the second and third innings respectively to account for Japan’s runs. The no-hitter was nearly spoiled with one out in top of the ninth when Carlos Santana hit a sharp grounder to the right of second baseman Ryosuke Kikuchi, but the gold-glover made a sliding stop, spun completely around, and easily threw out Santana at first. As if being no-hit was not bad enough, the MLB squad also lost star second baseman, Robinson Canó, who was hit on the right foot by a pitch in the seventh inning. X-rays revealed that he had a fractured toe, ending his participation in the series.

    The victory also clinched the five-game series for Samurai Japan. “It was our goal to win the series, so I’m happy we’ve achieved that. Especially in a game that made history with the first no-hitter by Japanese pitchers,” manager Hiroki Kukubo said. “I’m so happy that we were able to win the series,” added Nakata. “I wasn’t really able to contribute to the team in the first two games, and finally I was able to contribute to win in the game that clinched the series.”

    “Obviously, they’re the best in Japan,” said MLB all-star Lucas Duda when asked about the Samurai’s success. “I really didn’t have an original notion of what they would be. I knew they would be good. I didn’t know how good. I didn’t think they were going to be this good.”

    A day later, the MLB All-Stars finally got going, rapping 10 hits, including home runs by Morneau and Longoria and 3-for-4 performances by Altuve and Puig, to win 6-1. The Americans got a run in the first inning, three in the third, and one each in the sixth and eighth. Farrell moved Puig from the sixth spot in the lineup to second, ahead of Morneau, and he felt that made a difference. “We had to make some adjustments. … [T]hey were attacking Yasiel in the first three games and not really giving him too much to hit. To put him in front of Morneau … was an opportunity for him to see some pitches and it worked out. They threw the ball in the strike zone and he responded.”

    Meanwhile, starter Chris Capuano gave a five-inning, one-run performance to get the victory. The only Samurai run came off Capuano in the second inning when Yoshitomo “Yoshi” Tsutsugo of the Yokohama DeNA Baystars hit an RBI double to drive in Matsuda. “It was helpful being able to watch the Samurai team for a few games before I had to pitch against them,” Capuano said. “I was trying to watch what our pitchers, especially our left-handed pitchers, were throwing, and I think that helped me.” “The top third of our lineup [Altuve, Puig and Morneau] did an amazing job,” Farrell concluded, “and with Chris, his ability to pitch in with his fastball and use his changeup effectively, it kept them off balance.”

    No game was scheduled for November 17. Players used this, and other free days, to sightsee, shop, and experience Japanese culture. After the first game in Osaka, for example, the players visited Kyoto, stopping at many of the famous sites. Jeremy Guthrie visited Kiyomizudera Temple and drank water from the Otowa Waterfall at the fountain of wisdom. Guthrie, whose great-grandfather was a Japanese immigrant to Hawaii, also met Japanese cousins for the first time and visited his great-uncle’s gravesite. Rob Wooten and his wife, Katie, toured a few temples before having a traditional lunch and geisha show. “I’ll remember most the Japanese temples and shrines we visited,” Chris Capuano told reporters. “The natural beauty of that place, and the peace and serenity that came with being in those places was something that I’ll definitely take with me.”

    “I came here for baseball,” said Hector Santiago, “but I said I was going to try and do everything single thing that I could. I tasted the tea. I was a little nervous about it at first … but it wasn’t too bad. … You’re only here for about 10 days but you try to go every day and do and see something new. … It’s pretty cool.”

    The teams then traveled to Sapporo to play the final game of the series on November 20 before a crowd of 30,159 at the Sapporo Dome. Shohei Ohtani started for Samurai Japan in front of his home crowd and struck out seven batters in four innings, but allowed two walks, four hits, and two runs while hitting one batter and throwing one “hard-to-catch pitch” that resulted in a run-scoring passed ball as the MLB All-Stars won, 3-1.

    Lucas Duda of the New York Mets came home on the passed ball in the third inning to start the scoring. Later in the inning, Jose Altuve’s groundout scored Alcides Escobar from third base for a 2-0 MLB lead. The All-Stars scored their third run in the sixth inning, and the Japanese got their only run in the seventh. The major leaguers banged out 12 hits to Samurai Japan’s four. Altuve went 3-for-5, and Puig, Escobar, and Eduardo Nunez each had two hits.

    “They hit me when I tried to get ahead in counts, and I need to look at that,” Ohtani said. “I also should have paid more attention to the leadoff batters [who reached base in three of his four innings]. The good thing was that I was able to get strikeouts when I needed them.” Despite his uneven performance, Ohtani nonetheless again impressed the major leaguers. “He was the best,” Escobar said. “He’s throwing 95 (miles an hour) and down in the zone. That’s tough.”

    Starter Matt Shoemaker gained the victory, surrendering just two hits in five innings. “It was definitely a great game for us,” he said. “We had a lot of fun out there. This is a great team, a great group of guys.” Shoemaker added that the Japanese “put the ball in play. They foul off a lot of pitches, with very good speed. … These hitters are very good.” He also praised Ohtani. “He’s what, 20 years old? That’s impressive enough. Let alone that he has that kind of an arm, maybe he can be a two-way player.”

    After the five-game series, the teams traveled to Okinawa to play an exhibition game on November 20. The MLB All-Stars got a first-inning run on a sacrifice fly by Morneau, but the Americans failed to take advantage of a bases-loaded, two-out situation, and scored only the one run. The Japanese tied the game in their half of the first when Softbank’s Kenta Imamiya singled off Hector Santiago to score Seichi Uchikawa. Excellent defensive stops by shortstop Imamiya and center fielder Yuki Yanagita in the third inning kept the All-Stars from scoring, before throwing errors by Longoria and Fowler in the fourth gave the Samurai a 2-1 lead.

    Japan added a run in the fifth inning when Yoshio Itoi of Orix tripled off Tsuyoshi Wada to score Ryosuke Kikuchi, but the All-Stars responded with a run of their own in the bottom of the inning to keep it a one-run game. The Samurai broke the game open in the top of the eighth as Nobuhiro Matsuda led off with a double and reliever Jose Veras then walked Ginji Akaminai. After an unsuccessful and a successful sacrifice bunt, Yanagita singled home both runners off Randy Choate to stretch Japan’s lead to 6-2. Kikuchi then tripled, scoring Yanagita. Although the MLB All-Stars scored single runs in the eighth and ninth innings, the Samurai took home a 6-4 victory.

    Throughout the tour, the Japanese fans impressed the major leaguers. Rob Wooten recalled:

    The people over there were so polite. They welcomed us with open arms. Not one time did I feel uncomfortable. It’s crazy how much knowledge they have of the game and us. I’ve only been in the big leagues for parts of two seasons, and everyone knew who I was. I’d be walking out of the hotel and there would be people everywhere asking for autographs. I signed pictures I had never seen before of myself. It was pretty wild. And I know with [Robinson] Cano and [Evan] Longoria, they got even more [attention] than I did. … Interacting with the fans over there was something I’ll never forget. It was kind of difficult to carry on a conversation, but just the one-on-one, even for two seconds, you could see that we were making a difference in their lives and they in ours. We don’t go over there often, and they were so excited for us to come and they rolled out the red carpet everywhere we went. The fans and the people over there were unbelievable.

    The MLB All-Stars left Japan with a 3-4 record, losing the series three games to two and splitting the two exhibition games. At the time, it was just the second time a Japanese team had captured a postseason series against a visiting major-league squad (In 1970 the San Francisco Giants posted a 3-6 record during a spring-training tour.). The Samurai batted .253 as a team, while the All-Stars club hit an anemic .197 in the five-game series. Japan outscored the visitors 16-13 over the five official games. Yanagita, who led Samurai Japan with four RBIs and went 6-for-20 at the plate, was named the series Most Valuable Player. Tsutsugo and Altuve led their respective clubs with identical .429 batting averages, while Morneau led both clubs with two home runs and six RBIs.

    Although at least one American-based writer noted, “[T]here may be questions asked of the roster sent to face Japan’s titans, and fans may well ponder whether a higher-quality cast could have secured greater success on foreign soil” many observers agreed that the Japanese talent had improved greatly since the beginning of the all-star series in 1986 and that Japan’s victory was no fluke. “[W]hen the series returned to Japan this year, there was a different feel,” wrote Samuel Chi of The Diplomat. “[T]he Japanese team put together a great performance with a roster full of young and hungry professionals. Even in defeat in the series finale Tuesday night in Sapporo, there was much promise on display.” Jason Coskrey of the Japan Timesconcluded that “[p]layers such as free-swinging Yuki Yanagita, human-highlight-reel second baseman Ryosuke Kikuchi and pitcher Takahiro Norimoto emphatically announced their presence to MLB teams and fans … as well as to casual NPB followers. Also impressive were the pitching corps … mainly Kenta Maeda, Norimoto, Yuji Nishino and Kazuhisa Makita, while Chihiro Kaneko and Shohei Ohtani were shaky but didn’t lessen pre-existing opinions about them.”

    But the Japanese victory was not due solely to the increase in talented players. John Gibson noted on his One World Sports Blog, “The truth is, the landscape has changed. The MLB stars are using the same approach, but Japan is using the stage to get its national team valuable experience against some of the best talent in the world.” The core of the Samurai Japan roster had played together for years, winning the World Baseball Classic in 2006 and 2009 and finishing third in 2013. The squad played together as a team; it wasn’t a collection of all-stars thrown together for the first time. The MLB All-Stars’ “talent alone isn’t enough [for them] to win,” said Gibson. “It’s not that the Japanese players are more talented, it’s more about preparation and organization.”

    “While MLB still possesses most of the best baseball talent in the world, the rest of the professional leagues are catching up,” Samuel Chi concluded. “[W]hat’s not in dispute is that the U.S. – the birthplace of baseball – is nowhere near being the top country in terms of producing talent. The San Francisco Giants might have won the ‘World Series’ but the rise of competition worldwide is making the series winner’s claim as the ‘world champion’ more dubious by the year. Perhaps someday there will be a true World Series matching the best professional teams from not just North America, but around the globe.”

    Read the full article on the SABR website

    2014 Suzuki All-Star Series: Samurai Japan vs. MLB All-Stars
  • 2012 MLB Opening Series: Mariners vs Athletics at the Tokyo Dome

    2012 MLB Opening Series: Mariners vs Athletics at the Tokyo Dome

    by Susan Miyagi McCormac

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Susan Miyagi McCormac writes about the 2012 Opening Series between the Marines featuring Ichiro and the A’s.

    On March 11, 2011, a magnitude-9.1 earthquake struck off the northeastern coast of Japan’s main island of Honshu, near a region known as Tohoku. The quake triggered a tsunami, and the world watched in horror as the black waves – some as high as 130 feet – crashed over floodwalls and raced inland, eating the shoreline, and destroying buildings, cars, and lives. The resulting meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, located 43 miles from the epicenter of the earthquake, forced mass evacuations and caused more loss, devastation, and uncertainty. The death toll from the Great East Japan Earthquake stood at 19,747 precious lives, and 2,556 were still missing a decade later.

    One year after the triple disaster, two major-league teams, the Seattle Mariners and the Oakland Athletics, began the season in Tokyo. It was the fourth season-opening series in Japan and the first since 2008, when the Athletics faced the Boston Red Sox. (The others were the Yankees and the then-Devil Rays in 2004 and the Mets-Cubs series in 2000.) When Major League Baseball announced the Opening Day plan six months earlier, in late September 2011, Commissioner Bud Selig said the decision to begin in Tokyo was largely for humanitarian reasons.

    “Opening Series 2012 will be an excellent opportunity to bring the game of baseball to fans across the globe and to celebrate the many contributions to the game by Japanese players,” Selig said in a statement. “Most importantly, with the shared love of baseball between our nations, I believe that we can use this event to further assist the ongoing relief efforts throughout Japan.”

    That charitable sentiment seemed to be lost on West Coast fans once the games were played on March 28 and 29, 2012.

    “Why Are the A’s and Mariners Playing Baseball in Japan?” asked an agitated Wendy Thurm on SB Nation. She complained that A’s fans couldn’t watch the games for two reasons: First pitch (3:05 A.M. Pacific Time) happened before anyone on the West Coast was awake, and even if fans dragged themselves out of bed in the middle of the night, there was nothing to see but a blank screen because MLB’s blackout restrictions rendered the game unavailable in the Athletics’ and Mariners’ home viewing territories. (The MLB Network showed both games on tape delay at 6:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M.Pacific Time each day.)

    John Swol, a Minnesota Twins fan who runs the blog Twins Trivia, denounced the two-game series in Tokyo in his blog post “Season Opener in Tokyo? Just Plain Wrong.” Like Thurm, Swol thought it was unfair to Athletics and Mariners fans – and baseball fans in general – to stage games in a time zone that’s 16 hours ahead of the West Coast.

    “Baseball is America’s pastime and opening the season after the long winter away from baseball in a foreign country is just plain wrong,” the blogger bellyached. He wondered aloud if someone was receiving financial benefit from this venture, then asked, “Why in Japan, why not in the Dominican, Puerto Rico, Australia, or even Cuba. Is MLB looking to put a big league team in Tokyo?”

    Perhaps Mr. Swol didn’t realize that, while baseball may be America’s pastime, it was first introduced to Japan in 1872. And the answer to his last question is “No,” of course. The answer to his question about who benefits is, well, Major League Baseball. “Almost 70 percent of MLB’s international revenues are derived from the Japanese market,” Tom Verducci wrote in Sports Illustrated, describing starting the season in Japan as “a smart move by MLB.”

    “Playing regular season games in Japan for a fifth time in the past 14 years has helped drive such interest,” Verducci continued. “Last year [2011] MLB opened an official MLB of Japan online shop, and for years it has sold virtual signage to Japanese companies to insert into the MLB International broadcasts of All-Star, LCS, and World Series games.”

    Verducci made the case for what’s in it for the Japanese fans. And, at the time of his article, there was a slim chance that NPB legend and former Yankee Hideki Matsui would re-sign with Oakland and play in the 2012 opening series. (He didn’t.) “[I]t is fitting that Japanese fans get a chance to watch [Ichiro] Suzuki, one of their most beloved stars, play in his homeland in a major league uniform for the first time,” Verducci wrote. “Japanese baseball fans have been watching Mariners games on television for years, and the opportunity to welcome him back as an active major leaguer is in itself worth the trip.”

    Despite the feelings of annoyed writers like Thurm and bloggers like Swol, the players, as well as the coaches and staff, agreed with Verducci and seemed happy to participate. “The fans over there love the game,” A’s left fielder Coco Crisp told MLB.com ahead of the series, saying he was looking forward to the experience after playing in Japan during the 2008 opener as a member of the Boston Red Sox. “You’ve got people hanging fishing rods over the wall with cards to sign, balls attached to all sorts of different things. They really get into it.”

    “This is a great opportunity,” A’s general manager Billy Beane said. “We want to thank everybody in Japan who have welcomed us again. We came here in 2008, and we were more than happy to come back again.” “It’s an honor and a privilege to be here,” Mariners manager Eric Wedge said. “I know all the players are excited to be in Japan. Baseball has truly become an international sport, and I think the opportunity to come over here and play Oakland and open this year’s major league season is quite an opportunity.”

    Mariners shortstop Brendan Ryan proposed to his girlfriend, Sharon, while in Tokyo. He learned how to ask her in Japanese because she had spent time in Japan as an English and dance teacher. It was a surprise he’d been planning since the trip was announced.

    Ryan’s teammate Tom Wilhelmsen, a reliever, toured Tsukiji Fish Market and then watched his team’s American League West rivals play an exhibition game against the Hanshin Tigers while wearing Tigers gear. “It was a lot of fun,” Wilhelmsen said of the game. “They have a different song for every player and every situation. It was pretty good. Once they scored a run, they turned around to me and I was able to knock ThunderStix with them. That was pretty darn cool. You can’t beat that.”

    Before the major-league season officially started, each team played exhibition games against the Yomiuri Giants and the Hanshin Tigers, including the one Wilhelmsen attended as a fan. Those games began with a day-night doubleheader on Sunday, March 25, 2012.

    More than 42,000 people attended the matchup between the Hanshin Tigers and the Seattle Mariners, partly because the Osaka-based Tigers have a rowdy and loyal fan base that travels well, but also because Japanese fans were eager to see Ichiro Suzuki. Although he had represented the Japanese national team in the World Baseball Classic and participated in major-league tours of Japan, this would be his first time to play a game in Japan as a major leaguer since he became a Mariner in 2001.

    With every Ichiro at-bat, flashbulbs lit up the Tokyo Dome as if it were the Fourth of July. The superstar, who spent nine years with the Orix Blue Wave before becoming the first Japanese-born everyday position player in major-league baseball, went 1-for-4 against Hanshin as the Tigers won 5-1. In the bottom of the second, Hanshin got a little help from former Mariners catcher Kenji Johjima, whose infield single scored Tigers third baseman Takahiro Arai from third. Seattle starter Hector Noesi then gave up a two-run homer to Tomoaki Kanemoto en route to the loss. His final line was three runs and six hits in five innings. A Kohei Shibata double and a single by Takashi Toritani gave the Tigers two more runs in the seventh.

    The nightcap between the Oakland Athletics and the Yomiuri Giants was somewhat more subdued, despite being on the Giants’ home turf. Ichiro may have received the most attention at the Tokyo Dome, but on this day another Suzuki made more noise. Oakland catcher and Hawaii native Kurt Suzuki cracked a two-run home run in the seventh inning, and Oakland’s pitchers stifled Yomiuri’s bats, holding the “Yankees of Japan” to two hits in a 5-0 shutout.

    The next day saw another day-night doubleheader exhibition, with the teams switching opponents. The early contest pitted Oakland against the Hanshin Tigers. Unlike Hanshin’s exhibition against Ichiro and the Mariners the previous day, the Tigers’ generally large and boisterous oendan (fan club) was sparse. It could’ve been the noon start on a Monday, but it’s most likely attributed to the Tigers’ opponent being the Ichiro-less A’s.

    The lack of cheering in the Tokyo Dome didn’t faze the Tigers, as they jumped all over Oakland starter Tyson Ross early, scoring seven runs in the first three innings. Takahiro Arai started the scoring with a two-run home run in the bottom of the first, and the Tigers rolled to a 12-6 win over the major-league team. Once again, the “other” Suzuki visiting Japan hit a home run, this one a three-run shot off former Seattle Mariners pitcher Randy Messenger, cutting Hanshin’s lead to 7-4. With Oakland GM Billy Beane watching from the stands, the rally fell short.

    The day’s second game was what everyone in Japan wanted to see. A crowd of 43,759 – just shy of the Tokyo Dome’s capacity of 45,600 – politely waited in orderly lines outside the ballpark for their chance to get a glimpse of Ichiro as the Yomiuri Giants hosted the Seattle Mariners. Seattle manager Eric Wedge put three Japanese players in the lineup: Ichiro; shortstop Munenori Kawasaki, a former SoftBank Hawks all-star who signed a minor-league contract with the Mariners; and starting pitcher Hisashi Iwakuma.

    Iwakuma signed a one-year deal to pitch for the Mariners in January 2012 after a successful 11-year NPB career. He spent seven seasons with the Rakuten Golden Eagles, culminating in 2011. The March 11 tragedy delayed the start of the 2011 NPB season by three weeks. When the season officially began on April 12, one month and one day after the disaster, Iwakuma toed the rubber for the visiting Eagles at QVC Marine Stadium in a start against the host Chiba Lotte Marines. Many Rakuten fans attended the game, some driving eight hours from the battered Tohoku region, to witness Iwakuma earn the win on his 30th birthday. He went 8⅓ innings, giving up three earned runs while walking two and striking out four as the Eagles defeated the Marines 6-4. “This is a victory for all of us, including the people trying their best in Tohoku,” Iwakuma said after the game.

    The Eagles are based in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, a mere 80 miles from the epicenter of the March 11 earthquake. The damage that the Eagles’ ballpark sustained as a result – cracked walls, flooded suites, collapsed ceilings in offices – forced Iwakuma and his teammates to play six “home” games in ballparks in the Kansai region of Japan, more than 500 miles away. From April 15 through April 17, 2011, the Eagles played three games at Koshien Stadium in Nishinomiya, Hyogo Prefecture, the home of the Hanshin Tigers and the famed high-school baseball tournament. Then they hosted the Nippon-Ham Fighters from April 22 through April 24 at Hotto Motto Field in Kobe, one of two home parks of the Orix Buffaloes. Repairs to Kleenex Miyagi Stadium finished quickly, and the Eagles could return to familiar turf on April 29 against the Buffaloes, a complete-game, 3-1 win by future Yankee Masahiro Tanaka. Iwakuma would finish his final NPB season with a 6-7 record and a 2.42 ERA.

    One year later, as a newly minted US major leaguer, Iwakuma started the Mariners’ exhibition game against the Yomiuri Giants. It did not go well for him. A crowd of 43,759 packed Tokyo Dome to witness a 9-3 beatdown of the Japanese star. The Giants were held to two hits in their 5-0 loss to Oakland on Sunday, but their bats came to life against Iwakuma and Seattle’s relievers. Former San Francisco-turned-Yomiuri Giant John Bowker started the 14-hit barrage with a solo home run in the first inning, and in each subsequent inning, his teammates followed suit: Kenji Yano (RBI double in the second), Shuichi Murata (two-run single in the third), and Hayato Sakamoto (two-run single in the fourth). In Iwakuma’s disappointing outing, he lasted only four innings, surrendering six runs on 10 hits. “I felt like he threw the ball OK,” Wedge said of Iwakuma, the 2008 Sawamura winner. “He just had trouble putting hitters away. He was ahead multiple times and had opportunities to work through innings and just wasn’t able to make that pitch to finish off hitters. If he does that, it’s a different ballgame.”

    While the fans were cheering on the Giants, they were also watching Ichiro’s every move. He was held hitless but had an RBI groundout that scored Dustin Ackley, who also contributed a solo home run and a triple. D.J. Houlton, in his first season with the Giants after four seasons and a Japan Series championship with the SoftBank Hawks, was the winning pitcher. These ballgames showed how global baseball has become: The NPB teams won both contests in the Tokyo Dome that day with American pitchers on the mound, while Seattle lost with a Japanese starter.

    As Selig intended when making the choice to begin the season in Japan, MLB did use the Opening Series as an opportunity to help in the 3/11 recovery efforts. On March 27, 2012, a group of players – including Iwakuma – and MLB staff visited Ishinomaki, a town in Miyagi Prefecture that was ravaged by the earthquake and tsunami. They conducted a baseball clinic for young players and met with other residents. “Because I was in that area, I really want to give something back to the local community,” said Iwakuma of his participation. The next day, US Ambassador John Roos hosted a ceremony with Japanese government officials at his residence “to celebrate the shared love of baseball that unites our two countries.”

    The visit and ceremony were part of a collaboration between MLB, the MLB Players Association, and the TOMODACHI Initiative, a public-private partnership started in response to the March 11 disaster and led by the US government and the U.S.-Japan Council with support from the Japanese government. The diplomatic alliance was launched during Cal Ripken Jr.’s visit to Japan in November 2011, when the Hall of Famer, appointed a sports diplomat by the US State Department, toured Ofunato, Iwate Prefecture, on a nine-day mission. He and former Oriole teammate Brady Anderson conducted a baseball clinic for around 70 junior high school students from the area.

    Farther south, Mariners Dustin Ackley, Justin Smoak, and George Sherrill had a high-flying time during a visit to Camp Zama, a US Army base in Kanagawa Prefecture, 25 miles from Tokyo. The trio flew to the base in Blackhawk helicopters, an exhilarating ride that showed off the vast expanse of the Japanese capital. Once at Camp Zama, the players took a tour and met soldiers and their families.

    With the exhibition games and humanitarian tours completed, it was time for the 2012 major-league regular season to begin. The first game, on March 28, began with a solemn memorial at the Tokyo Dome. The pregame ceremony was a moving tribute to the victims and survivors of March 11, 2011. A video with Derek Jeter, Bobby Valentine, and Ripken Jr. profiled three people connected to the devastated region: Shinji Takai, a farmer in Kesennuma who restored photographs that were damaged by the tsunami; Naho Hozumi, a housewife and stay-at-home mom who became the program manager of the volunteer organization Hands on Tokyo; and Taylor Anderson, a native of Midlothian, Virginia, and a teacher in the JET Program who was one of the more than 19,000 people to perish in the disaster. Anderson’s parents, along with Takai and Hozumi, threw out the ceremonial first pitches. Members of the 296th Army Band based at Camp Zama performed on the field, and Spc. Amanda Tetreault of the 296th sang the US National Anthem. Japanese actor and singer Ryotaro Sugi performed the Japanese National Anthem.

    Ichiro made up for his 0-for-exhibition series in the first game that counted. He didn’t disappoint fans on either side of the globe, going 4-for-5 with an RBI as the Mariners won the first game, 3-1, in a briskly played 11-inning game that lasted just over three hours. “I’ve never been that nervous before,” Ichiro said in a postgame interview. “The warmth of the fans almost made me want to cry. … I felt the significance of the occasion. I knew it would only happen once in my life. I wanted to share a special moment and give something back to them.” Seattle second baseman Dustin Ackley had a 2-for-5 night with a solo home run in the fourth inning and the game-winning RBI in the top of 11th. He scored an insurance run in the same inning on Ichiro’s RBI single.

    Oakland starter Brandon McCarthy and Mariners ace Felix Hernandez practically matched each other pitch for pitch. McCarthy went seven innings, giving up six hits and one run, walking no one and striking out three; Hernandez threw eight innings, allowing a run on five hits with no walks and six strikeouts. Tom Wilhelmsen scouted the A’s well during the exhibition game he attended, as he recorded the win for the Mariners with two perfect innings. Brandon League, a yonsei (fourth generation Japanese American), earned the save.

    While Ichiro stroked four hits in the first game, the entire Mariners team could manage only three hits the next day against A’s starter Bartolo Colon. It was a pitchers’ duel between Colon and Jason Vargas; the game was scoreless until Mariners first baseman Justin Smoak led off the seventh inning with a home run. The A’s followed suit with three home runs of their own, including a two-run blast off the bat of Cuban defector Yoenis Cespedes, the first of his young major-league career. Josh Reddick and Jonny Gomes added solo shots, giving Oakland a cushion for its 4-1 victory.

    On that night Ichiro went 0-for-4, but he was still a delight for the Japanese fans, who were grateful to see the superstar play in Tokyo. “More than the four hits, it was the atmosphere,” Ichiro said. “Being able to enjoy the atmosphere with the fans. Being there with the same feeling? That was special for me. That’s what will stay with me. Seeing the fans and how they react and welcomed the players. They’re very warm-hearted. It makes you proud.”

    With the backdrop of the March 11 tragedy, the games had a level of poignancy generally not present in baseball (the Braves-Mets first game after 9/11 notwithstanding). The Opening Series in Tokyo humanized the sport and maximized the connections between the United States and Japan through the two countries’ shared love of baseball. Despite the complaints about the time difference between the two countries, it was nothing short of remarkable for Tokyo to host the major leagues’ opening series soon after the one-year anniversary of the strongest earthquake to strike Japan in its recorded history.

    Read the full article on the SABR website

    2012 MLB Opening Series: Mariners vs Athletics at the Tokyo Dome
  • 2008 Opening Series in Japan: Boston Red Sox vs. Oakland Athletics

    2008 Opening Series in Japan: Boston Red Sox vs. Oakland Athletics

    by Bill Nowlin

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Bill Nowlin tells us about the 2008 Opening Series between the Red Sox and A’s.


    The third in a series of five Major League Baseball visits to Japan opening the regular season featured the Boston Red Sox and Oakland Athletics in March 2008. Earlier series had been in 2000 with the New York Mets and Chicago Cubs playing each other and both teams facing off against the Seibu Lions and Yomiuri Giants, and in 2004 with the New York Yankees and Tampa Bay Devil Rays visiting Japan and playing the Hanshin Tigers and Yomiuri Giants. Both the later visits, in 2012 and 2019, featured the same visiting teams from the West Coast of the United States – the Oakland Athletics and the Seattle Mariners.

    Preparing for the Opening Series

    The 2008 visit was the first to Japan for both Oakland and Boston. The two scheduled games in Tokyo were deemed home games for Oakland. Oakland had finished the 2007 season with a record of 76-86, in third place in the American League West Division. The Red Sox had won the AL East, swept the Division Series, battled Cleveland to a seventh-game win in the ALCS, and then swept the Colorado Rockies in the World Series. Oakland owner Lew Wolff joked, “It’s very hard to get a ticket to the Boston games, so that’s one of the reasons we came out.”

    The A’s had spring training in the Cactus League, and flew out of Phoenix, a 12-hour flight. A’s equipment manager Steve Vucinich said, “I heard they don’t have sunflower seeds there, so we’re bringing our own.”  The Red Sox had a 19-hour flight from Florida via Chicago on a chartered Japan Air Lines 747.

    In order not to disadvantage the visiting teams, as they prepared for the bulk of the championship season while wedging in the trans-Pacific visit, both teams scheduled three more spring-training games after the Japan Opening Series and before resuming the regular season.

    The trip was nearly called off at the last minute. Not long before they were due to make the flight to Japan, Red Sox players raised an issue that had come to their attention. Represented by the Players Association in negotiations with Major League Baseball, the players had been promised a $40,000 per person incentive for the trip, but not all of the coaches had been. The Red Sox players voted to boycott the trip and not board the plane unless the coaches were paid the same. The Oakland players heard of this and held their own meetings, but their discussions never came to a vote because matters were worked out. MLB came up with $20,000 per coach, and Red Sox owners matched that for the Red Sox coaches. Other team personnel in the traveling party were promised additional pay as well.

    For Red Sox shortstop Julio Lugo, it was his second trip to Japan. He had been with Tampa Bay on the 2004 tour, playing the Yankees. He said it was far more difficult to adjust after returning home than on arriving in Japan. “It took me a month and a half to get readjusted,” Lugo said. “I felt it when I was playing. I played good during that period of time, but I felt it a lot. I couldn’t fall asleep, and my appetite wasn’t good. You adjust for a week (in Japan), and then you’ve got to turn around.”

    A’s second baseman Mark Ellis wasn’t sure which would be more difficult, but he wasn’t as worried as Lugo about feeling fatigue once back in the States. After arriving in Japan, he said, “I’ve heard both. I’ve heard it’s harder going (to Japan), and that it’s harder coming back. It’ll be fine. We have four or five days before we play Boston. We’ll be all right. I got less sleep than I thought I was going to, but I feel pretty good.”

    As the Games Got Underway

    There was some extra excitement in Japan for the games, and not only because the Red Sox were the reigning World Series champions but also because two members of the team were returning to play in their native land – starting pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka and reliever Hideki Okajima. Matsuzaka had starred in Japan since high-school days and had played eight seasons, through 2006, with the Seibu Lions. Okajima had played parts of 11 seasons for the Yomiuri Giants, from 1995 through 2005. He had joined the Red Sox and become the first Japanese-born pitcher to appear in a World Series game, throwing 2⅓ perfect innings in Game Two of the 2007 World Series against the Colorado Rockies. With a win in Game Three, Matsuzaka was the first Japanese native to win a World Series game.

    The A’s received some attention with Kurt Suzuki, a Hawaiian native but with Japanese ancestry. His grandparents were from Nagoya, and he even spoke a little Japanese.

    Prior to the Opening Series, both major-league clubs warmed up by playing a game each against the Yomiuri Giants and the Hanshin Tigers. The umpires for these exhibition games were two from MLB and two from NPB.

    There were differences that visiting Americans noticed immediately, before the games at the Tokyo Dome, home ballpark for the Yomiuri Giants. When Japanese batters took batting practice, they did so from two adjacent cages, permitting them to get in twice as much practice in the same period of time, though those in the field had to keep a sharper eye.

    Because slightly different baseballs were used by Nippon Professional Baseball and Major League Baseball, it was decided – so as not to disadvantage either team – that each team could use the baseball with which they were familiar when they were in the field. The Japanese baseball was slightly smaller, and its surface was a little “tackier” – the Japanese pitchers thus could get their accustomed grip on the ball, and the fielders would likewise find handling the ball familiar.

    Announcements before and during the game were in both Japanese and English. Radar-gun readings were in kilometers per hour, not miles per hour. Red Sox reliever Jonathan Papelbon’s fastball hit 151.

    And then there were the fans. Particularly for the four games involving the Japanese ballclubs, the ways fans showed their support for their team were very different. Team supporters sat in their own team’s “cheering section” where an organized band (with drums and trumpets) would perform while orchestrated by leaders (perhaps wearing white gloves and standing on a small platform) who would use whistles and hand motions to get fans to cheer and sing songs from distributed lyric sheets. Noisemakers and megaphones helped amplify the synchronized rooting.

    Music between innings ranged from the Beach Boys to American country music to hip-hop to a Japanese version of “YMCA.”

    Returning to Japan as a member of the Boston Red Sox, Hideki Okajima addresses young Japanese players (Courtesy of Bill Nowlin)

    The Games in Tokyo

    The first two exhibition games were both one-run games. The next day, both American teams perhaps had settled in a bit better and won with ease, by very similar one-sided scores of 10-2 and 9-2.

    Read the rest of this article on the SABR website

    2008 Opening Series in Japan: Boston Red Sox vs. Oakland Athletics
  • End of an Era: The 2006 Aeon All-Star Series

    End of an Era: The 2006 Aeon All-Star Series

    by Coop Daley and Robert Fitts

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Coop Daley and Robert Fitts tells us about the final MLB vs NPB All-Star series.

    In March 2006 the Japanese national team, known as Samurai Japan, surprised the baseball world by winning the inaugural World Baseball Classic. Japan had finished second to South Korea in its pool in the preliminary round and barely squeaked through the second round after losing to both the United States and South Korea, but advanced to the semifinals over the US based on the tiebreaking criterion (fewer runs against per nine innings). Japan then dominated its opponents in the final games with a 6-0 rout of South Korea and a 10-6 punchout of Cuba in the final.

    The Japanese team was filled with stars from both sides of the Pacific, including NPB’s famous slugger-turned-manager, Sadaharu Oh, and MLB’s new favorite superstar, Ichiro Suzuki, who said after the final, “I didn’t care if I got injured. That’s how much I wanted to win the championship.” The main storyline for the Japanese team, however, was the dominance of 25-year-old Daisuke Matsuzaka. The right-hander was considered one of the greatest pitchers in Japanese history, celebrated for his 250-pitch, 17-inning complete game in the 1998 Koshien summer tournament, the no-hitter he pitched in the championship game just a few days later, his 1999 Rookie of the Year season, his 2001 Sawamura Award, and his 2004 Japan Series Championship with the Saitama Seibu Lions. From 1999 to 2006, he led the Pacific League in strikeouts four times, wins three times, and ERA twice. At the WBC, he dominated his international opponents, posting a 3-0 record and a 1.38 ERA over 13 innings of work. The performance garnered plenty of attention from US major-league scouts.

    In November 2006, a major-league all-star team planned to travel to Japan to continue the Nichibei Yakyu series. Many Japanese had high hopes that the Samurai would win the series for the first time since 1990. Tsuneo Watanabe, editor-in-chief of the Yomiuri Shimbun, wrote, “This spring, Japanese baseball players played for the honor of the county, and Japan eventually won the inaugural World Baseball Classic. To counter Japan, Major League Baseball, which has been proudly leading baseball all over the world, has organized the strongest team in the US-Japan baseball history this time around. It should be intriguing to see [the] fierce competition between MLB and NPB.” An MLB official said, “We have some of MLB’s best, and we are playing to win, especially after Japan won the WBC.”

    But the Japanese players did not share this enthusiasm. Many found the series redundant after the advent of the World Baseball Classic. And they resented not being paid for their participation while the visiting MLB players received bonuses for making the trip. In August the Japan Pro Baseball Players Union voted to not participate in future Nichibei Yakyu series after the already-scheduled 2008 event. “The WBC was a success, and in the future, we want games to be meaningful,” insisted union leader Shinya Miyamoto, an infielder for the Yakult Swallows. “We do not like to play games that have no meaning.”

    As a result, many of Japan’s top WBC players did not participate in the all-star series. Four of the championship team’s top five hitters were missing: Nobuhiko Matsunaka (.433/.528/.567 in 30 WBC at-bats), Akinori Iwamura (.389/.429/.500 in 18 at-bats), Ichiro Suzuki (.364/.447/.485 in 33 at-bats), and Tsuyoshi Nishioka (.355/.447/.613 in 31 at-bats). Also absent were the squad’s top three pitchers: Matsuzaka, Koji Uehara (2-0, 1.59 ERA in 17 innings pitched), and Shunsuke Watanabe (1.98 ERA in 13⅔ innings pitched).

    Matsuzaka declined to participate because the Seibu Lions had just agreed to his request to be permitted join the US major leagues. The Lions announced on November 1 that they would take bids for their ace’s contract. As most scouts considered Matsuzaka to be a frontline starting pitcher, the bidding was expected to be high. Updates and rumors dominated the sports pages, at times overshadowing the all-star series.

    David Wright, the visiting all-star team’s third baseman, was disappointed at Matsuzaka’s absence. “It’s understandable why he’s not playing, but sure, I was looking forward to it,” Wright said. “You want to face the best. But there’s a good chance that next year, I’ll be facing him or we’ll be on the same team. I’m excited for that.”

    Not even a week after the St. Louis Cardinals topped the Detroit Tigers in a five-game World Series, the MLB All-Stars hopped off the plane in Tokyo and began preparations for the games. Unlike previous years, the series would be limited to five games instead of eight.

    Owing to the quick departure after the World Series, no member of either the Cardinals or Tigers joined the team, but this proved to be no difficulty. The NL runner-up New York Mets were well-represented with third baseman Wright and shortstop Jose Reyes manning the left side of the infield while their divisional rival Philadelphia Phillies took the other side with Chase Utley at second and Ryan Howard at first. Outfielders included Andruw Jones of the Atlanta Braves, Jermaine Dye of the Chicago White Sox, and Bill Hall of the Milwaukee Brewers. The catchers were Joe Mauer of the Twins and Kenji Johjima of the Mariners. Pitchers included Los Angeles Angels ace John Lackey, the Reds’ Bronson Arroyo, Chris Capuano of the Milwaukee Brewers, and relievers Joe Nathan of Minnesota and Brian Fuentes of Colorado.

    There were also a number of role players taking advantage of the opportunity for a trip to Japan, including Mets starter John Maine. Maine had been a minor-league player just a few months before. Called up by the Mets in midseason, he posted a 6-5 record and a 3.60 ERA. Injuries to staff aces Pedro Martinez and Orlando Hernandez catapulted Maine into the Game One starter slot in the Division Series and two starts in the NL Championship Series. He rose to the occasion, pitching well in front of raucous Shea Stadium crowds, and winning Game Six of the NLCS to keep the Mets’ hopes of a World Series championship alive. Maine was not even supposed to be on the all-stars roster; he only made the team after Carlos Beltran dropped out because of a lingering injury. “That’s the way I like it, though,” Maine said of his luck. “Under the radar.”

    Wright was particularly excited about the trip, saying, “I’ve played with so many guys from Asia and the Dominican Republic that I jumped at this chance. I’ve always wanted to see what they experienced when they came over here, and now I get to put myself in their shoes. I’ll get to experience the culture, the food, everything. It’s a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, and I’ll also get some at-bats and hopefully finish the season on a strong note.”

    After working out at the Tokyo Dome on November 1, the MLB All-Stars began their tour with a warm-up game against the Yomiuri Giants the next evening. A crowd of 32,000 watched the all-stars open the scoring in the top of the third as Rafael Furcal doubled off starter Taiwanese-born Chien-Ming Chiang to drive in Chone Figgins. The Giants responded in the bottom half of the inning as Shigeyuki Furuki led off with a triple and scored on a balk by starter Chris Young. Young then surrendered a walk, a single, a double, and two sacrifice flies as Yomiuri went ahead 4-1. The Giants added two more on Shinnosuke Abe’s two-run homer to end the fifth inning up 6-2.

    Using the long ball, the Americans worked their way back into the game. Jones and Howard hit back-to-back home runs in the top of the sixth to cut the deficit to 6-4, but the Giants responded with a run in the bottom of the inning. Jones came through again with a ninth-inning leadoff homer. With the all-stars down to their final out, Mauer singled and Wright cracked a two-run shot to left, tying the game, 7-7. “I was looking for something up that I could drive, but I got a slider he left over the plate,” Wright said. “It felt great. [Being] given the opportunity to come here and represent Major League Baseball and do this in my first international competition was great.” After the Giants failed to score in the bottom of the ninth, the game ended in a 7-7 tie. “This was a great way to start the series,” MLB skipper Bruce Bochy said. “For our guys to come back like that was huge, our dugout was going nuts. We didn’t get the win but we’ll take a tie after being down three runs in the ninth.”

    Nearly 43,000 people packed the Tokyo Dome on November 3 for the first matchup between the MLB and NPB All-Stars. The Japanese crowd made their players feel right at home with the typical loud experience: songs, cheering, and plenty of revelry. It was a perfect party for the opening game, and fireworks were about to go off for both squads.

    The scoring began in the second inning as Ryan Howard doubled off starter Tetsuya Utsumi. Andruw Jones singled and the runners moved up on a wild pitch before Mauer walked to load the bases with no outs and Wright coming to the plate. Utsumi regained control, struck out Wright, and then fooled Utley, causing him to lightly tap the ball in front of the plate. Catcher Shinnosuke Abe fielded it and retired Utley at first as Howard scored behind him. Utsumi ended the inning by striking out Hall. The next inning Jermaine Dye made it 3-0 “by crushing a 1-1 off-speed pitch up in the zone into the left-center-field stands.”

    The Japan All-Stars chipped away, getting a run off starter John Lackey in the fourth on an infield hit by Yosuke Takasu, a stolen base, and an opposite-field single by Michihiro Ogasawara. “I knew that John Lackey moves his balls a lot,” said Ogasawara “so I went into the batter’s box thinking about going the other way.”

    The Japanese added another run in the seventh as Ogasawara doubled with one out and Maine walked Shuichi Murata and Abe to load the bases. Yuki Yoshimura then hit a high fly to center. Maine later told Newsday reporter David Lennon that every fly ball made him nervous. “It’s weird, because every time they hit the ball up in the air, [the fans] go crazy. It could be a pop-up 10 feet out of the infield and they go crazy.” Andruw Jones, however, easily tracked down the fly in center field as Ogasawara scored. But that was all for the Japanese as Maine retired Tomohiro Nioka to end the inning and Scot Shields and Joe Nathan closed out the game with hitless innings for the 3-2 win.

    “It was a very good ball game,” Bochy declared. “The MLB team came here and knew it would be very competitive. It’s great to see how global this game has become. It’s great for baseball.”Japanese All-Stars manager Katsuya Nomura believed the night highlighted the growing skill and power of Japanese baseball: “I’ve been in this game for 50 years. I’ve taken part in this series several times and it used to be there was a huge gap in the level of play, but it’s closing and we had a very good chance of winning this ballgame tonight.”

    With the crazy environment of a Japanese crowd, the NPB All-Stars creeping up on their MLB counterparts, and a long ball proving to be the difference-maker, the opening game was almost a perfect encapsulation of what was to come.

    After winning the 2005 NL Rookie of the Year Award, Ryan Howard captured MVP honors in his second season, smashing 59 home runs and knocking in 149 runs. When Howard headed to Japan with the MLB squad, he was seen as the next wave in phenomenal talent: a home-run hitter for a home-run-loving crowd. “Ryan Howard will not be permitted to set foot in Japan,” one Philadelphia sports columnist wrote. “The power-worshipping fans of a nation where Littleball is a fact of life and home-run hitters are venerated might be taken captive. If Hideki Matsui was nicknamed ‘Godzilla,’ what would Howard be, ‘Mothra?’”

    In the second game of the series, Howard revealed just how monstrous he could be. He put the MLB All-Stars on the scoreboard in the second inning with solo home run off starter Kentaro Nishimura. The line drive just cleared the center-field wall by a few feet. “It was an outside fastball and I was able to get a good swing at it,” Howard said. “I drove it over the fence the other way and it was good to get my team on the board.” As he “crossed the plate, a tiny boy and girl dressed in traditional kimonos bowed and handed him a small bouquet of flowers.”

    In the next inning, Howard broke a 2-2 tie with a majestic two-run homer, which came within inches of scraping the top of the dome before landing an unofficial 450 feet away in the center-field bleachers. Watching his own work for a moment, he took a few steps toward first, then pointed toward the flower-presenters, expecting an encore. “I guess they should have given me a whole bouquet for that one,” Howard said.

    While Howard may have gotten the accolades, it was another player’s special night in Tokyo. White Sox second baseman Tadahito Iguchi, who had left the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in 2005, returned to Japan with the MLB All-Stars. He was looking to make a splash for his American teammates when he took to the batter’s box in the third inning with two runners on and a chance to break the game wide open. Known for both his speed and power – he stole 15 bases and hit 15 home runs in 2005 – Iguchi was a key player on Chicago’s championship team. With runners on the corners, Iguchi doubled down the left-field line, knocking in both runners, as the Japanese crowd roared for their hometown star.

    Over the next four innings, the Japanese chipped away at the Americans’ 7-2 lead. In the bottom of the third, Tomoya Satozaki homered to cut the deficit to 7-4. In the seventh, they added another two on a walk to Naoyuki Omura, a double by Norichika Aoki, and a single by Eishin Soyogi. A solo home run by Kyle Overbay in the eighth gave MLB some breathing room as Brian Fuentes pitched a perfect ninth inning to save the 8-6 victory.

    The barrage of home runs continued the next evening in Game Three at Tokyo Dome. Aoki, one of NPB’s greatest hitters, led off the game against Erik Bedard. As a rookie in 2005, Aoki had become the first Central League player to get 200 hits in a season as he won the league’s batting title and the Rookie of the Year Award. The eight-time NPB All-Star won three batting titles during this 13-year and counting NPB career (Aoki was still active in 2022 and holds the NPB record for the highest career batting average.) From 2012 to 2017, he played for seven US major-league teams, hitting .285 in 2,716 at-bats. Aoki began the game by hammering the first pitch, a low fastball down the middle, over the right-field wall to give the NPB All-Stars their first lead of the series.

    Facing right-hander Hiroyuki Kobayashi, the MLB team had trouble getting their offense started; the 6-footer held them hitless through the first four innings. Howard, however, doubled off the center-field wall in the fifth to break up the perfect game. One out later, American League batting champion Joe Mauer’s home run to put his team up, 2-1. “Koboyashi [was] pitching a real good game,” noted Mauer. “He left the ball over the plate, and I was able to drive it.” Singles by Overbay, Wright, and Jacque Jones extended the lead to 3-1.

    The Japanese All-Stars fought back, tying the game, 3-3, in the top of the sixth, before the Americans broke the game open in the bottom of the same inning on a two-run homer by Andruw Jones. To put the icing on his Tokyo cake, in the seventh Ryan Howard smacked a three-run homer off the auxiliary board in right field, putting the Americans up 10-4 and all but sealing the deal. “I’m feeling real good about playing in Japan,” said Howard. “The balls are jumping off my bat here and I hope to keep up the good work.” The MLB team went on to win, 11-4, as Wright hit a solo home run in the eighth.

    Just as in the regular season, Wright had played second fiddle to Howard for the first three games of the tour. Wright came into the fourth game, played on November 7 in the Osaka Dome, looking to make his splash on the series. Facing Wright and his teammates was Hanshin Tiger ace Kei Igawa. Like Matsuzaka, Igawa had announced his desire to play in the majors and had asked the Tigers to post his contract after the series. Although he was not considered as talented as Matsuzuka, he was also garnering attention from US scouts. The left-hander had won both the 2003 Sawamura Award and Central League MVP Award and led the league in strikeouts three times. “He’s got a good changeup, man – nasty,” Jose Reyes told reporters. “And he can throw the ball. He throws 92, 93 MPH.”

    Perhaps nervous during this unofficial “tryout,” Igawa looked shaky, walking Reyes to lead off the game and surrendering a single to Rafael Furcal before getting out of the inning. Over six innings, he allowed two runs on five hits and six walks while striking out four. “I wasn’t really satisfied with my pitching tonight,” Igawa said. But he was pleased that he had held Ryan Howard hitless in three at-bats. “Because Ryan is my age, I didn’t want to give up any hits. I did all right against him, but I gave up hits to the other guys.”

    As Howard struggled, Wright homered in the fourth inning to put his team up 2-0. “I was looking for a fastball, but I was able to adjust to his slider. … I was able to pull it out of the park,” Wright said. “It feels good – especially the way I scuffled a bit during the NLCS – to finish the season on a positive note, come out here and feel pretty decent at the plate, hit some home runs, and get that confidence going into the offseason. But, also, we’re over here to win. We’ve got a good team. You have to feel like you’re doing your part.”

    If anyone needed to do his part, however, it was Wright’s teammate John Maine. Maine entered the game in the sixth inning with the 2-0 lead, but – having already suffered from the intensity of Japanese stadiums – seemed shaken in the covered dome. He gave up an RBI single to Shuichi Murata and a sacrifice fly to Shinnosuke Abe, allowing the NPB All-Stars to tie the score at 2-2 before he left the game after recording just two outs. Mike Myers recorded the final out and pitched a scoreless seventh.

    With the score still knotted in the eighth, Bochy needed a spark from the MLB dugout. The usual suspect came through as Howard hit a one-out solo home run over the outfield wall off reliever Kazuo Fukumori to put the Americans back on top for good. “I was just trying to make contact and the ball went out,” said Howard. “This has been a lot of fun. I know the Japanese fans like it and I’m enjoying it.” The home run unhinged Fukumori and sparked a five-run eighth for the Americans – capped by a two-run single from Reyes – as the MLB All-Stars cruised to their fourth win of the series.

    Once again outshined by Howard’s dominance, Wright didn’t seem to mind; if anything, he was more impressed than ever. “I tried to stay neck-and-neck with him in the [MLB All-Star Game’s] Home Run Derby, and he wore me out,” he said. “I’m not going to even try to do that. He’s tremendous. He’s one of a kind. So I’m not going to even try to keep pace with him, home run for home run. I can’t do it.”

    There was still one more game to play, and a chance that the MLB All-Stars could sweep the series for the first time since its inception in 1986. Boarding a plane to Fukuoka for the final game, only one player was sent to sit in coach as the rest flew first-class: John Maine. When asked why, he quipped, “Did you see the way I pitched?”

    In the final game in Fukuoka, home of the Hawks, one of Japan’s most storied franchises, the Japanese team sent out local product Tsuyoshi Wada. The Fukuoka Daiei Hawks’ left-hander was the recipient of the 2006 “Golden Spirit” award, given to the NPB player who best “exemplifies the game of baseball, sportsmanship, community involvement and the individual’s contribution to his team.” Playing in his home ballpark, Wada pitched with an absolute fire in his belly, taking a perfect game into the fifth inning.

    The Japanese jumped out to a 2-0 lead in the fourth inning as Takahiro Arai and Shuichi Murata hit solo home runs off starter John Lackey. “I grew up in Fukuoka, so it’s nice to get a hit in my hometown,” Murata said. “Their pitchers throw hard, and they can pitch to all corners, so I’m learning a lot by facing them.” But once again, Howard jump-started the MLB offense by breaking up Wada’s no-hit bid with a single to lead off the fifth and scoring on a single by Kenji Johjima. The next inning, Howard doubled with two on to tie the game before an Andruw Jones sacrifice fly put the Americans ahead, 3-2.

    The Japanese, however, did not fold. With two outs in the ninth and runners on, Naoyuki Omura, right fielder for the hometown Hawks, singled to left to tie the game. After a scoreless bottom of the ninth, for the first time in the series the game went to extra innings.

    The NPB All-Stars threated in the top of the 10th as Kazuya Fukuura singled with two outs off closer Joe Nathan and Tomoya Satozaki followed with a ground-rule double. Bochy turned to Scot Shields who retired Murata on a fly to right field to get out of the inning.

    In the bottom of the inning, Bill Hall began with a single off Hisashi Ogura. That brought up one of the Mets’ newest stars, José Reyes. Reyes had had a rough series. He was just 4-for-17 (plus 0-for-2 against Yomiuri) and he had not hit a home run. “When he hits a home run, he lets everybody know about it,” said Wright. “So after I hit my first couple, I was giving him a hard time about having no home runs.” Coming to the plate in perhaps his biggest opportunity of the tour, he was almost denied a chance to swing. “We got Hall on, and we thought maybe for a moment we were going to let [Reyes] bunt,” third-base coach Manny Acta said after the game.

    And then, “He just does his thing,” Acta said, “very José-like.”

    Reyes sent a first-pitch fastball over the right-field fence, sending the Dome into a pure frenzy. Emulating the soccer-like chants from other regions, the fans chanted his name in an endearing rhythm. “When I heard my name – ‘Jo-sé, Jo-sé’ – I felt like I was playing in Shea Stadium,” Reyes said of the home run. “It was exciting for me.”

    “I actually thought we were in Shea Stadium. I heard it way too much this year,” Howard said of the chants ringing through the dome. “It just goes to show you that baseball transcends just where we are. It’s global.”

    A series that had been defined by role players and superstars, tight finishes and home runs, rowdy crowds and uniting chants came to a close with a final “sayonara” blast. Howard was named series MVP and the players headed back home. A month later Matsuzaka came to terms with the Boston Red Sox. Not to be outdone, the Yankees signed Kei Igawa in late December. Akanori Iwamura, Hideki Okajima, and Masumi Kuwata also signed major-league contracts for the 2007 season.

    The MLB squad had become the first American team to sweep their Japanese counterparts since the 1955 Yankees. “We came all the way over here from the United States to win,” exclaimed Reyes after his sayonara home run. Although the sweep provided some revenge for Japan’s victory over the United States in the inaugural World Baseball Classic, it did not help Japan-American baseball relations. The NPB players union continued with its decision to boycott future Nichibei Yakyu exhibitions. It would be eight years until the US-Japan series restarted under a new format.

    In March 2006 the Japanese national team, known as Samurai Japan, surprised the baseball world by winning the inaugural World Baseball Classic. Japan had finished second to South Korea in its pool in the preliminary round and barely squeaked through t

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    End of an Era: The 2006 Aeon All-Star Series

  • Godzilla Returns: The 2004 MLB Opening Series in Japan

    Godzilla Returns: The 2004 MLB Opening Series in Japan

    by Robert K. Fitts

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Robert Fitts tells us about Hideki Matsui’s triumphant return to Japan with the 2004 New York Yankees.

    “The Yankees are coming! The Yankees are coming!” wrote Marty Kuehnert in the Japan Times. “If you haven’t heard, you’re not a resident who has paid even the slightest attention to TV or radio broadcasts, or print media. It’s hard to miss the news that the New York Yankees are coming to Japan. … Media reports liken it to the arrival of Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig who led a MLB All-Star team to Japan in 1934, and was the catalyst for Japanese professional baseball. … Others are saying it is even bigger … and more along the lines the arrival of U.S. Admiral Matthew Perry in 1853 which helped spur the Meiji Restoration.”

    “This is the [Yomiuri] Giants’ 70th anniversary, and also the 70th anniversary of Japanese professional baseball,” noted Kota Ishijima, head of Yomiuri’s overseas operations. “And for that 70th, who comes back? The Yankees, and our beloved son, Hideki Matsui.”

    On November 1, 2002, two days after leading the Yomiuri Giants to the Japan Series championship, Hideki Matsui announced that he would leave Japanese baseball for the major leagues. At the height of his career, he was the most popular player in Japan, outshining even all-time great Ichiro Suzuki. The 28-year-old free agent had played 10 seasons with the Giants, winning three Central League MVP Awards as he hit .304 with 332 home runs. “It was painful to tell my coaches, but my personal desire to go over there and play didn’t go away,” he told reporters at an early-morning press conference. “I’m proud to have played in Japanese baseball and I think it will reinvigorate Japanese baseball if I go over there and play well. I also think new stars will emerge in Japan.”

    The New York Yankees became early favorites to sign the slugger, nicknamed Godzilla because of acne scarring on his face and his tremendous power with the bat, and on December 19, 2002, they agreed to a three-year, $21 million deal. Although Yomiuri fans were disappointed with the news, nearly all supported Matsui’s decisions. “It’s a bit disappointing that he will be gone from Japan’s ballparks,” said Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Yasuo Fukuda. “On the other hand, there are increasingly more global major stages for Japanese players, so I feel proud in that regard. I have mixed feelings.” “I’m looking forward to seeing how many home runs he will hit in the majors,” added Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi.

    Matsui’s major-league career began on Opening Day, March 31, 2003, as he hit the first pitch he saw for an RBI single off Roy Halladay. A week later, at the Yankees’ home opener, he hit a dramatic grand slam. Although his production dipped in late April and May, he hit .394 with a 1.157 OPS in June, catapulting him into the All-Star Game as a fan-elected starter. He finished the season having played in all 163 of the Yankees’ games, hitting .287 with 16 home runs and finishing second in the American League Rookie of the Year Award voting.

    But Matsui’s true impact came off the field. “He’s not only helping us win games on the field,” Yankees general manager Brian Cashman explained, “he’s helping the business side. He generates money not just in New York for us, but overseas.” Soon after the signing, the Yankees and the Yomiuri Corporation established a joint venture called “Yomiuri YankeeNets Marketing” in Tokyo designed to attract Japanese sponsors and sell Yankees tickets to Japanese tourist agencies. “Japanese fly in on package tours from Japan to watch a three-game series in New York, buy Yankees jerseys and Matsui bobblehead dolls, then fly back,” noted Japanese baseball expert Bob Whiting. Japanese attendance at Yankee Stadium increased from around 1,000 per game in 2001 to 5,000 per game in 2003. Sales of Matsui jerseys, T-shirts, and souvenirs soared in early 2003. The Dentsu Consumer Research Center concluded that “Matsui’s overall economic effect for the New York area (including travel, hotels, restaurants, etc.) would reach $500 million for five years.” “Matsui has made a large enough impact on New York’s economy to be hired to promote it by the city’s convention and visitors bureau,” Whiting added.

    Major League Baseball decided to capitalize on Matsui’s popularity to promote the league’s brand in Japan. In mid-November of 2003, Bob DuPuy, MLB’s chief operating officer, wrote to the Yankees asking them to shift their 2004 season-opening series against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays from New York to Tokyo. The Yankees had not played in Japan since 1955 and George Steinbrenner had forbidden his players to join the major-league all-star teams traveling to the country (until 2002, when he sent Bernie Williams and Jason Giambi with the goal of wooing Matsui to the Yankees). After a few weeks of negotiations, the Yankees agreed to the trip if they could be the away team in Tokyo and the Devil Rays would play their previously scheduled first homestand against the Yankees at Yankee Stadium. But not all of the Yankees were in favor of the trip. Mike Mussina was particularly vocal in his opposition, complaining about how the trip would disrupt his routine and how the long flights could adversely affect the Yankees.

    As ballclubs, the Yankees and Devil Rays were polar opposites. New York had won 101 games in 2003, finishing first in the American League East Division, but lost a frustrating World Series to the Florida Marlins. After the season the team lost starting pitchers Roger Clemens, Andy Pettitte, and David Wells to free agency. Determined to produce a champion, the Yankees reshaped the roster through blockbuster trades and free-agent signings. In December they acquired starting pitchers Kevin Brown from the Dodgers and Javier Vazquez from the Expos. In February they traded for superstar Alex Rodriguez and took on most of his 10-year, $252 million contract – an amount that dwarfed all other sports contracts at the time. The Yankees supplemented these stars by signing All-Star free agents Gary Sheffield, Ruben Sierra, Kenny Lofton, and Tom Gordon. In all, the team opened spring training with 17 former All-Stars on the roster. When they arrived in Japan, the team’s payroll stood at $182.8 million.

    In contrast, the Devil Rays’ payroll was a measly $29.2 million. The team had finished last in the American League East for every season since its creation in 1998. Its highest-paid player was former Yankee Tino Martinez at $7.5 million, followed by Aubrey Huff at $2.66 million, although the team’s most talented player was undoubtedly 22-year-old outfielder Carl Crawford, who would emerge as a star during the 2004 season. Martinez was not the only former Yankee on Tampa’s roster. In January, the team had hired former Yankees bench coach Don Zimmer, who had a long history with Japanese baseball. Zimmer first arrived in Japan in 1956 as a 25-year-old member of the Brooklyn Dodgers. On June 23 Hal Jeffcoat had hit Zimmer in the face with a high and inside fastball, shattering his cheekbone. The severe injury ended his season, but the Dodgers took Zimmer to Japan to help him regain his form. Zimmer hit only .091 in 22 at-bats but the experience helped him rebound to become the team’s utility infielder in 1957. After leaving the majors in 1965, Zimmer played a year with the Toei Flyers. It was a tough season, both on and off the diamond. Zimmer did not adapt well to Japanese culture or cuisine and hit a measly .182 in 203 at-bats. Twenty-four years later, he returned to Japan as the manager of the 1990 major-league all-stars. Once again, Japan was unkind to Zimmer as his squad became the first American professional team to have a losing record in a postseason goodwill tour.

    The teams left Florida on separate charter flights around 5 P.M. on Thursday, March 25. After the 17-hour flight, five busloads of Yankees, including Yogi Berra and Reggie Jackson, arrived at their hotel shortly after 2 A.M. on Saturday, March 27. (The extra “day” was accounted for by their crossing the international date line.) The Devil Rays checked in about an hour later. “I went to sleep at 4,” explained Derek Jeter, “got up at 5:30. Then I went back to sleep for about an hour, ate, [and] went back to sleep for 45 minutes.”

    The jet-lagged and weary players arrived at Tokyo Dome in the early afternoon for a public workout. 34,500 fans, mostly children in baseball uniforms, “shrieked for hours” as “six aisles filled with cheerleaders wearing Yankees and Devil Rays jerseys and hot pants, shaking silver and gold pompoms,” cheered along. The kids, who were primarily there to see Matsui, “squealed with delight as the video board focused on the … star … as soon as he emerged from the third base dugout to stretch.” “We had a chance to see some of their faces when Matsui walked by,” said Jeter. “It was something special. I think it’s something they’re going to remember for the rest of their lives.”

    “Hideki is like Michael Jordan; he’s the man when it comes to Japan. … He is as big as anybody on the planet over there,” noted Jason Giambi. “It’s a little bit like the Beatles arriving in New York,” added assistant general manager Jean Afterman. “I guess it was J.F.K. who said, ‘I’m the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris.’ Well, we’re the team that’s accompanying Hideki Matsui back to Tokyo.” “[W]e are proud of Hideki as a representative of the Japanese people,” explained Gaku Tashiro of Sankei Sports. “He’s very gentle, a very good guy. Japanese fans understand what he wanted to do. I know some Giants fans love him still. I’m sure he will hear big cheers in the Tokyo Dome.”

    “Because of Hideki, other Yankees are famous now,” said Tashiro. “Japanese fans recognize who they are – Giambi, A-Rod, Jeter. They are going to have big cheers, too.” “The Yankees were like rock stars in this baseball crazy land,” the Associated Press’s Ronald Blum observed. “Everywhere they went, people looked at them with awe, as if they were larger than life creatures.” “I didn’t know what to expect,” Jeter said. “But it’s kind of amazing – you go somewhere and people recognize you. It’s kind of overwhelming, considering how far away we are.”

    After the workout, the teams, their families, and Commissioner Bud Selig joined other dignitaries at a reception thrown by Yomiuri Chairman Tsuneo Watanabe. Dressed in festive happi coats, players used baseball bats to break open sake barrels to start the party. Then, none too soon for many of the jet-lagged visitors, the players staggered back to the hotel and did their best to get a full night’s rest before the exhibition games the next day.

    The exhibition games began at noon on March 28 with the Devil Rays playing the Hanshin Tigers at Tokyo Dome. Former Yankee Hideki Irabu took the mound for the Tigers. Irabu, who had starred for the Lotte Chiba Marines, had signed a four-year, $12.8 million contract with the Yankees in 1997. Despite tantalizing flashes of brilliance, he had three disappointing seasons in New York, drawing the ire of George Steinbrenner, who called him a “fat pussy toad.” In disgrace, he was traded to Montreal after the 1999 season, where his mediocrity continued. After playing for the Texas Rangers in 2002, he returned to Japan to play for Hanshin. When a reporter asked if he wanted to see his old teammates while the Yankees were in Tokyo, Irabu curtly responded, “No, I don’t.”

    Against Tampa, Irabu once again flashed his potential brilliance. Relying on control and breaking balls instead of power, he began by striking out Carl Crawford and Julio Lugo, then retired six of the next seven batters. In six innings he scattered six hits (including two solo home runs), walked nobody, and stuck out five. “He was mixing up his pitches,” Lugo commented. “He threw some tough curves, and I couldn’t pick up his split at the beginning. I think he’s a big leaguer. He’s got great stuff.” Devil Rays manager Lou Piniella noticed, “He looked much more relaxed pitching here than he did before, especially when he pitched for the Yankees. … He seemed like he was in control of the ball game. He pitched exceedingly well.”

    Meanwhile the Tigers had little trouble with the Devil Rays’ pitching. Starter Doug Waechter lasted just three innings, giving up seven hits and a walk. The Tigers struck for three runs in the third on five singles and an error. They added two more runs in the fifth as Hanshin’s George Arias homered off Jorge Sosa and another in the sixth, giving Irabu a 6-1 lead as he left the game.

    Hanshin’s bullpen, however, could not hold the lead. Tampa scored three in the eighth as Rocco Baldelli hit a two-out, three-run homer off Tomoyuki Kubota, and tied the game, 7-7, when Lugo hit a two-run blast with two outs in the top of the ninth off Yuya Ando. After the Tigers failed to score in the bottom of the ninth, the game ended in a 7-7 tie. “That’s a good team,” Piniella said after the game. “They got good pitching and played well in the field. They’re not a power-hitting club but they hit it to all areas of the field.”

    The enthusiasm of the Hanshin fans surprised the American players. Their famous oendan (cheering club) blew their horns and whistles, pounded their drums, waved their flags, and chanted their players’ fight songs. “It was sort of, um … interesting, with the festivities going on in the stands the whole time,” said Piniella. “With the drums going and the banners, it took a while to get used to. But it was fun. It was a fun atmosphere.” “I thought it was pretty cool,” added Rocco Baldelli. “I was bobbing my head in the outfield. It was pretty catchy. … They support their team. It must be nice. Every guy that comes up for their team, regardless of if he’s coming off the bench or pitching, they’re all for him, screaming his name. That must feel pretty good as a player.”

    That evening 55,000 fans congregated at Tokyo Dome. A fair-like atmosphere pervaded the plaza in front of the main gate. In the background, the Ferris wheel at the Dome’s amusement park lit up the dark sky as the roller coaster rumbled along, occasional shrieks from the passengers clearly audible over the dull murmur of the crowd. Throngs surrounded the souvenir stands as fans bought Yankees and Giants caps and jerseys, plastic orange clapping sticks, and other mementos.

    For many Japanese fans, this night’s exhibition game between the Yankees and Giants was the most important game of the tour. “It’s not [just] an exhibition game,” explained the Giants’ American outfielder Tuffy Rhodes. “It’s an international World Series game. It’s Game 7 of the international World Series.”

    The game began with Masaichi Kaneda, Japan’s only 400-game winner, throwing out the ceremonial first pitch to catcher Yogi Berra. The two had faced each other during the 1953 Eddie Lopat and 1955 Yankees tours. The stiff-moving 71-year-old Kaneda, dressed in a gray suit with tie, bounced the pitch to Berra, who, wearing his pinstriped Yankees uniform, spryly fielded the errant throw on one hop.

    The sold-out crowd watched Yankees starter Jose Contreras take on Yomiuri’s back-of-the-rotation starter Hisanori Takahashi. To honor Matsui, Torre started him in center field and placed him in the cleanup spot, his spots when he played for Yomiuri. Both teams went down in order in the first with Contreras striking out the side.

    The fans rose to their feet and roared as Matsui came to the plate to lead off the top of the second. Blue Oyster Cult’s “Godzilla” bared over the loudspeakers. As he dug in, the ballpark sparkled as thousands of camera flashes went off. The Giants’ oendan drummers in left field banged out a rhythm: boom, boom, boom, boom-boom. The fans responded: “Home run, Mat-sui!” Home run, Mat-sui!” Boom, boom, boom, boom-boom, answered the drums. The deafening cheer continued throughout the at-bat.

    Takahashi wounded up and threw a high fastball. Ball one. Next came a wicked curve, breaking down as Matsui swung over it for a strike. He swung through the next pitch as well. One ball, two strikes. Another high fastball, Matsui checked his swing. Two and two. On the fifth pitch, Takahashi went for the outside corner, but Matsui sliced it foul. Matsui stepped out of the batter’s box, adjusted his belt, and dug back in.

    The fans grew louder, pounding their orange plastic sticks in time with the drums. The upper deck felt as though it was shaking. The chant, “Home run, Mat-sui!” intensified. On the Yankees bench Joe Torre turned to coach Rob Thomson and said, “Wouldn’t it be something if he hit a home run here?”

    Takahashi wound up and tried to sneak a 63-mph curveball by Matsui, but it hung up over the plate. Matsui connected with a loud pop, driving the pitch deep into the right-center-field bleachers. The crowd erupted as the stony-faced Matsui calmly trotted around the bases, only allowing himself to smile after he reached the safety of the crowded dugout.

    Godzilla had returned to Tokyo.

    “Knowing this guy,” backup catcher John Flaherty had told catching coach Gary Tuck, “he’ll probably go deep the first at-bat. You almost have to expect it now,” he added later. “We saw it last year when he hit the grand slam on Opening Day in New York. It’s his personality. You expect it, and he delivers.” But, “it’s hard to do,” added Jeter. “It’s hard enough to hit a home run in batting practice, let alone in a game. He’s a special player to be able to deal with all the attention and scrutiny and deliver like that.”

    Yomiuri tied the ballgame in the third, but the Yankees surged ahead in the fourth as Matsui led off with a single, an out later Giambi singled, and Posada hit a three-run homer. New York tacked on another two runs in the fifth; Jeter led off with a home run, Matsui walked and then scored as a deep drive by Giambi popped out of center fielder Tuffy Rhodes’s glove. The Giants staged a brief comeback attempt in the bottom of the ninth as a single, an error, and a groundout led to a run, but Mariano Rivera closed out the 6-2 victory. “I was really happy to receive such a warm welcome and it gave me power today,” Matsui told reporters after the game. “I just felt like I did what I was expected to do and it’s all thanks to the fans. I just want to keep playing well as the season gets started.”

    Early the next morning, the exhausted and jet-lagged Yankees straggled into Tokyo Dome to prepare for their noon game with the Hanshin Tigers. To please the 52,000 spectators, Torre started most of his regulars, but they made little difference in the game’s outcome as the Yankees’ starter, Donovan Osborne, could not hold back the Tigers’ offense.

    With the Tigers down 1-0 in the bottom of the second, George Arias led off with a single. After Takashi Toritani struck out, Osborne surrendered consecutive singles to Akihiro Yano, Atsushi Fujimoto, and Makoto Imaoka to give the Tigers a 2-1 lead. The next batter, Norihiro Akahoshi, laid down a perfect bunt for a hit as Fujimoto scored. Osborne then walked Mike Kinkade before Tomoaki Kanemoto drove in Imaoka and Akahoshi with a broken-bat single to right-center field. Arias, in his second at-bat of the inning, singled in Kinkade and Kanemoto to put Hanshin ahead 7-1.

    New York retaliated with three runs in the fourth on a two-run homer by John Flaherty and Jeter’s RBI single, and another run in the fifth on a mammoth, 521-foot Tony Clark home run to narrow the gap to 7-5. The Tigers, however, padded their lead in the fifth with an inside-the-park home run as Darren Bragg misjudged Akihiro Yano’s fly ball. After falling to the turf, the ball bounded away from Bragg as Yano circled the bases. Hanshin added three more in sixth on a three-run homer by Arias. Trailing 11-5, the Yankees attempted a two-out comeback in the top of the ninth, scoring twice before Jeff Williams closed out the game for the Tigers’ 11-7 victory.

    Matsui, who was removed after the fourth inning along with most of the Yankees stars, told reporters, “I would have loved to play more for the fans, but the opening game is tomorrow. … I feel good about how I am hitting now. … I’m looking forward to the opener tomorrow.”

    Although the game received scant coverage in the next morning’s newspapers, 47,000 fans packed Tokyo Dome in the evening to watch the Yomiuri Giants take on the Devil Rays. The game began well for the Giants as Toshihisa Nishi singled and Takayuki Shimizu walked to start the game. An out later, Yoshinobu Takahashi singled to drive in Nishi. But that ended the scoring for the home team. Tampa starter Mark Hendrickson gave up just one more hit over the next four innings before relievers Dewon Brazelton and Jesus Colome pitched four innings of shutout ball.

    Yomiuri starter Masanori Hayashi held the major leaguers scoreless, surrendering just one hit while striking out five, in three innings before Tampa took advantage of the Giants’ bullpen. In the fourth inning, the Devil Rays went ahead on a two-run home run by Jose Cruz Jr. Cruz drove in another run with a sacrifice fly in the sixth before Robert Fick drove the ball over the right-field fence with a runner on to give Tampa a 5-1 lead. The Devil Rays tacked on two more runs in the seventh to win 7-1.

    After the warm-up games, the Yankees and Devil Rays readied themselves for the start of the regular season on Tuesday, March 30.

    Following the Opening Day ceremonies, which included first pitches thrown by Japanese Prime Minister Koizumi and former New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, the 2004 major-league season began at 7:14 P.M. Tokyo time (5:14 A.M. EST). The Yankees, acting as the visiting team but wearing their home pinstripes with the addition of a three-inch sleeve patch bearing the sponsor Ricoh’s name in red, batted first against Victor Zambrano.

    The new-look Yankees’ season started off well. After Derek Jeter grounded out, Matsui ripped a fastball into the right-center-field gap for a double. Alex Rodriguez came to the plate in his first at-bat as a Yankee and struck out looking. With two outs, Jason Giambi hit a 1-and-0 pitch into the left-field stands to give New York a 2-0 lead.

    Mike Mussina took the mound for New York. Even after arriving in Japan, he continued to carp about the trip. Suffering from jet lag, he had not slept well, and rather than seeing Tokyo had cloistered himself in his hotel room except for “three quick trips for food.” He later told reporters that he had “subsisted mostly on Ritz crackers and chips.” “It’s a mindset,” Gary Sheffield commented. “If you think negative, it’s going to be negative. If you think you’re tired, you know you’re going to be tired.”

    Although the game started out well for Mussina as he retired the Devil Rays in order in the first, Torre noted that “Mussina wasn’t as sharp as he can be.” He gave up two hits in the second inning and another in the third before Tampa Bay tied the game in the fourth as Mussina walked Cruz and Martinez ahead of a two-run, broken-bat single by Toby Hall.

    The score remained deadlocked until the sixth, when Rodriguez and Sheffield both doubled to put New York ahead 3-2. The lead, however, did not last long as Cruz led off the bottom of the inning with a homer to right. Martinez then doubled off his old teammates before Julio Lugo followed with a double to deep center field, scoring Martinez. Hall stroked another double to score Lugo, giving the Devil Rays a 5-3 lead, which chased Mussina from the game. Tampa Bay scored three more in the bottom of the seventh on an RBI single by Huff and a Martinez home run to seal an 8-3 victory.

    The upset headlined sports pages across the United States: “Yankees Look Lost in Tokyo”; “Tampa Too Much”; “Sluggish Yanks Roughed Up.” “We looked flat,” said Yankees special adviser Reggie Jackson. “But how do you look good when you give up 15 hits? You don’t look good. You don’t pitch good, you don’t look good. … If we lose tomorrow we won’t be in a 747 going home. It will be B&O, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.”

    The following evening Kevin Brown took the mound for the Yankees against Geremi Gonzalez. Brown struggled early as Carl Crawford led off the bottom of the first with a single, stole second, and two outs later came home on Aubrey Huff’s single. But Brown settled down and shut out the Devil Rays for the next six innings, surrendering just four more hits before leaving the game after throwing just 77 pitches. “He was awesome,” exclaimed Jorge Posada after the game. “He got a lot of one- and two-pitch ground-ball outs, and that’s why he was in the game so long. He got better and he got stronger. He’s got very good movement on his pitches, a lot of depth, and that’s why he got a lot of ground balls.”

    Tampa Bay maintained its 1-0 lead until the top of the third when Lofton singled with two outs and stole second before Gonzalez walked Jeter. Matsui then knocked Gonzalez’s first pitch into right field, scoring Lofton. With runners at the corners, Rodriguez came to the plate with a chance to put the Yankees to top but instead grounded to third to end the inning.

    The next inning, New York took the lead as Tony Clark hit a two-run homer into the right-center-field seats. With one out and one on in the fifth, Matsui padded the score by slamming an 89-mph fastball over the right-field wall. Giambi was then hit by a pitch and Sheffield walked before Posada homered to put the Yankees ahead 8-1. They added four more runs in the seventh on five hits capped by Posada’s second homer of the night.

    At the end of the 12-1 Yankees victory, Matsui was declared the star of the game (despite Posada’s two home runs and six RBIs). In a ceremony held at home plate, Godzilla received a samurai helmet. He held the prize aloft “slowly turning his body as if he were a figurine in a music box as 55,000 fans chanted his name.” “Hopefully, we can have many more games like this,” he said during the ceremony. “I’m the happiest man in the world.”49 “He’s unbelievable,” said Posada. “He can come home and do all the things he did in front of people waiting for him to do it. That’s tough to do.”

    The two teams left Japan the next morning, arriving back in Florida on Thursday, April 1. Most of the players enjoyed the trip. “This town’s fun,” said Jason Giambi about Tokyo. “You’ve got to experience this town. It’s like Vegas and New York rolled into one.” Some sampled the nightlife in Roppongi, bought electronics in Akihabara, dined on sushi and sake, explored the city. “Tokyo is a beautiful city to visit,” concluded Lou Piniella. “I was shocked that there’s no trash,” said Derek Jeter. “Even though there’s thousands and thousands of people, millions of people, walking the streets, there is no trash. That was amazing to me.” “I don’t like being in a plane such a long time,” said Julio Lugo. “But to tell you the truth, it was worth it … to come over here. I had a nice experience. I love it. I love the fans here. I think they’re great.”

    From a marketing perspective, the trip was an overwhelming success. Matsui’s heroics and modest demeanor increased the popularity of the already popular New York Yankees. “[Matsui] did an unbelievable job of handling everything he’s had to go through over here,” observed Kevin Brown. “He’s so completely focused and comfortable. You tip your hat for a very professional effort.” “It’s mission accomplished as far as the state of the game,” added Rodriguez. “When you talk about growing the game, I think the New York Yankees can do that better than any other team in the world.”

    But not everyone praised the endeavor. In a vitriolic condemnation of the Opening Day tour, Thomas Boswell of the Washington Post objected to the early start times and blatant commercialism. Calling the trip “baseball’s grab-a-yen travesty,” he wrote:

    How trashy can baseball get? This Opening Day was surely a tip-off. … Baseball’s traditional spring showcase game – one of its supposed jewels – has now shared the same pre-dawn TV time slot as “this channel is not yet available” and a religious infomercial.

    The start of the baseball season is supposed to be a spirit-lifting American institution, an announcement of spring. Instead, what may be remembered from this game was that, for the first time in big league history, the players themselves were used as human billboards. … [R]ight there on the Yankees hats and jerseys – the ones that are considered too elegantly traditional to have the players’ own names on the back – were garish ads for various companies, both in English and in Japanese kanji.

    Let’s hope those Japanese fans bought plenty of Hideki Matsui bobble-head dolls because the price baseball paid to sell more trinkets and TV ads in Asia was high – in self-respect.

    The editors of the Japan Times, however, argued that Boswell had missed the more important issue. “[Boswell’s] displeasure strikes us as misplaced and unfortunate. … The truth is, baseball may be America’s national pastime, as it is Japan’s and some other countries’ as well, but the game’s future is a global one. … It makes sense to celebrate that fact rather than alternatively deny and decry it. Besides, … to watch the Japanese fans joyously root for an American team (the Yankees, of course, along with revered Hideki Matsui) is to realize the potential of sports as an instrument of friendship.”

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    https://sabr.org/journal/article/godzilla-returns-the-2004-mlb-opening-series-in-japan

  • The 2004 MLB All-Stars Tour of Japan

    The 2004 MLB All-Stars Tour of Japan

    by Trevor Raichura

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Trevor Raichura tells us MLB-Japan All-Star series.

    It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. One of the longest droughts in baseball history came to an end in 2004 when the Boston Red Sox won their first World Series since 1918. With that victory, a new age was dawning. One in which even the Chicago Cubs could start hoping for a title of their own sooner rather than later. (And it came, in 2016.)

    However, on the other side of the ocean, Nippon Professional Baseball experienced one of the most trying, core-changing seasons in its history. Two Pacific League teams, the Orix BlueWave and the Kintetsu Buffaloes, reached an agreement to merge at season’s end, leaving an imbalance (five teams) in league structure.

    The players, voicing concern over the potential ramifications of this merger (one possibility floating around was a reduction from 12 to 8 teams in a single-league format), went on strike for two days. (This was the first and only strike in NPB history.) However, instead of downsizing, the league searched for a corporation to form an expansion team. The two main candidates were Livedoor, an internet company, and Rakuten, a commerce conglomerate owned by Hiroshi Mikitani, which won the right to join NPB, forming the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles in 2005.

    Amid the restructuring of the league came the announcement that interleague play would begin during the coming season, a draft scandal, and rumors of a second merger between two more flailing Pacific League franchises. On top of this, Japan was coming out of 2004 still feeling the sting of losing their semifinal match against unheralded Australia at the Summer Olympics in Athens. They would ultimately take the Bronze, but it was a disappointing finish for a nation expecting to contend for the Gold.

    The 2004 Japan All-Star Series was more than just a feel-good series of friendly games between star players from two baseball organizations. Japan yearned to show it belonged in the conversation of baseball juggernauts. It needed to assure its fan base that the health of its de facto national sport was sound as well. And so, when the MLB representatives came to play eight games in 10 days at five domed stadiums across Japan, winning was actually important to one of the teams.

    The 28 major leaguers comprised 19 Americans, 3 Venezuelans, 2 Dominicans, 2 Puerto Ricans, and 2 Japanese – Kazuhisa Ishii and Akinori Otsuka, who had played the previous season with the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Diego Padres respectively.

    The All-MLB Roster

    • Pitchers: Kiko Calero (St. Louis Cardinals), Roger Clemens (Houston Astros), Kazuhisa Ishii (Los Angeles Dodgers), Ray King (St. Louis Cardinals), Scott Linebrink (San Diego Padres), Kyle Lohse (Minnesota Twins), Jason Marquis (St. Louis Cardinals), Akinori Otsuka (San Diego Padres), Jake Peavy (San Diego Padres), Mark Redman (Oakland Athletics), Chris Reitsma (Atlanta Braves), Francisco Rodriguez (Anaheim Angels), Scot Shields (Anaheim Angels), Dontrelle Willis (Florida Marlins)
    • Catchers: Johnny Estrada (Atlanta Braves), Victor Martinez (Cleveland Indians)
    • Infielders: Hank Blalock (Texas Rangers), Alex Cora (Los Angeles Dodgers), Marcus Giles (Atlanta Braves), David Ortiz (Boston Red Sox), Jack Wilson (Pittsburgh Pirates), Michael Young (Texas Rangers)
    • Outfielders: Moisés Alou (Chicago Cubs), Miguel Cabrera (Florida Marlins), Carl Crawford (Tampa Bay Devil Rays), Manny Ramirez (Boston Red Sox), Vernon Wells (Toronto Blue Jays), Brad Wilkerson (Montreal Expos)
    • Coaching Staff: Bruce Bochy (San Diego Padres), Jim Colborn (Los Angeles Dodgers), Pat Corrales (Atlanta Braves), Bill Robinson (Florida Marlins)

    Note: Albert Pujols (Cardinals), Alfonso Soriano (Rangers), Miguel Tejada (Orioles), and LaTroy Hawkins (Cubs) were selected but did not participate due to injury.

    The All-NPB Roster

    • Pitchers: Nagisa Arakaki (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Ryota Igarashi (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), Kei Igawa (Hanshin Tigers), Hirotoshi Ishii (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), Takeharu Kato (Yokohama Bay Stars), Hiroyuki Kobayashi (Chiba Lotte Marines), Hisashi Iwakuma (Kintetsu Buffaloes), Daisuke Matsuzaka (Seibu Lions), Koji Mise (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Koji Uehara (Yomiuri Giants), Shunsuke Watanabe (Chiba Lotte Marines), Kazuo Yamaguchi (Orix BlueWave), Yukiya Yokoyama (Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters)
    • Catchers: Shinnosuke Abe (Yomiuri Giants), Atsuya Furuta (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), Kenji Johjima (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks)
    • Infielders: Kazuya Fukuura (Chiba Lotte Marines), Hirokazu Ibata (Chunichi Dragons), Makoto Imaoka (Hanshin Tigers), Akinori Iwamura (Tokyo Yakult Swallows), Hiroyuki Nakajima (Seibu Lions), Toshihisa Nishi (Yomiuri Giants), Michihiro Ogasawara (Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters)
    • Outfielders: Norihiro Akahoshi (Hanshin Tigers), Takahiro Saeki (Yokohama Bay Stars), Shigenobu Shima (Hiroshima Toyo Carp), Hitoshi Tamura (Yokohama Bay Stars), Kazuhiro Wada (Seibu Lions)
    • Coaching Staff: Sadaharu Oh (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Takao Obana (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Hiromasa Arai (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks)

    Note: Fan selections Kosuke Fukudome (Chunichi Dragons), Yoshinobu Takahashi (Yomiuri Giants), Tsuyoshi Shinjo (Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters), Nobuhiko Matsunaka (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks), Tomohiro Nioka (Yomiuri Giants), Hiroki Kokubo (Yomiuri Giants), plus manager selection Tadahito Iguchi (Fukuoka Daiei Hawks) did not participate due to sickness and/or injury.

    Starting on November 5, 2004, the two teams played three games in three days at Tokyo Dome. They took a day off to travel to Fukuoka, located in southwestern Japan. After a single game there, they migrated east to Osaka for a game the next day. The very next day they flew up to the northernmost island of Hokkaido to play a game in Sapporo. Then it was down to Nagoya in central Japan, followed by a day of rest. The series wrapped up where it started, in Tokyo, on November 14.

    Game 1: November 5, Tokyo Dome

    Among those in attendance were Japanese-born major-league players Kazuo Matsui (New York Mets), Tomo Ohka (Montreal Expos), and Shingo Takatsu (Chicago White Sox). Also celebrating the opening of the tournament was the US ambassador to Japan, Howard H. Baker Jr., who said the tour was beginning to take on an atmosphere similar to the World Series in recent years.

    Much of the focus in this game was on MLB starter Roger Clemens, who at age 42 had already won six Cy Young Awards in his illustrious career. It took the NPB All-Stars until the bottom of the fifth inning to open the scoring with two runs (one earned) off Clemens. Japanese shortstop Hirokazu Ibata said after the game that Clemens felt a lot closer to home plate than regular pitchers do because of his intimidating size. Kenji Johjima said Clemens was beyond the realm of good pitchers: His fastball was fast, his forkball was amazing, and he was grateful to just make contact with his pitches. Clemens left the game before finishing the fifth inning, much to his dismay. He said it was hard for him to figure out the hitters, with this being his first time ever facing them, but that, all things considered, he felt he had done well.

    The major leaguers, who had been stymied by starter Koji Uehara up to this point, put up three runs in the top of the sixth. David Ortiz singled home Carl Crawford and Hank Blalock, and the pinch-runner for Ortiz, Brad Wilkerson, scored on Vernon Wells’s sacrifice fly. Ortiz said he had noticed that Uehara’s forkball was coming in low on other batters, but the one he got hold of stayed up in the zone. That said, he felt that if Uehara were able to adjust to the major league strike zone and get ahead in counts, he would have no problems succeeding in America.

    The MLB All-Stars put up four more runs in the top of the seventh on five singles and a walk, all coming against Kazuo Yamaguchi, to win 7-2. Kiko Calero earned the win by completing the fifth inning for Clemens.

    After the game, Clemens said, “I really enjoyed it but I was surprised that the crowd was more quiet compared to last time I visited here (1992).” Manager Bruce Bochy said Ortiz was the spark plug that helped his team overcome a two-run deficit, and that they would need to keep playing this way in order to win more games in this series. Japanese manager Sadaharu Oh said he had hoped his team would win while the major leaguers were still adjusting to Japan, but that they would need to hit better. He also had high praise for the MLB hitters’ bat speed.

    This game was of added interest because Uehara grew up idolizing Clemens and even attended Game Three of the 2004 National League Championship Series in Houston, for which Clemens was the Astros’ starter. “There was a lot I could learn by watching the game live. But I would not have gone all that way if I wasn’t also interested in pitching there someday,” Uehara said. The two were able to sit down and talk to each other on November 3 when the MLB team arrived in Japan, and Clemens signed a jersey and gave it to Uehara. “I have never before and will probably never again pay that much attention to how another pitcher goes about his business on the mound during the game,” an awestruck Uehara said after the game. “I have tried to model my own form after his. The signed uniform will get framed and hung in my house.”

    Game 2: November 6, Tokyo Dome

    The first-ever Japanese major-league player, left-handed pitcher Masanori Murakami, threw out the ceremonial first pitch while wearing a San Francisco Giants uniform. The 60-year-old commented that he was looking forward to seeing a lot of good games in the series.

    The scoring in this seesaw battle began in the bottom of the first with Carl Crawford’s leadoff home run off starter Shunsuke Watanabe. The NPB All-Stars responded with Norihiro Akahoshi’s two-run triple in the top of the second.

    The MLB team tied the game in the bottom of the frame, as Brad Wilkerson doubled Vernon Wells home. David Ortiz then hit the most talked-about home run of the entire tour in the bottom of the fourth, taking Watanabe deep to right. The estimated distance of his home run was 160 meters (525 feet). “I knew when I hit it that I got all of it,” Ortiz said. “I thought for a second that it might land in the Dominican (Republic). It was a 3-and-0 count, maybe he didn’t think I would swing. He’s not exactly like (MLB reliever) Takatsu, but pitchers like him who have an unorthodox delivery are hard to hit. But I saw the ball well, and he threw it right down the middle, so [hitting a home run] is to be expected.” Watanabe took the blow in stride, commenting, “It felt like he hit that ball almost twice the length of the stadium. You can’t make any mistakes against these guys.” He was even a little self-deprecatory, joking, “It actually felt good to be part of one of the best home runs ever hit.”

    The talk about Ortiz’s home run did not end there. Carl Crawford said, “If that building had not been a dome, there is no telling how far it would have traveled.” Daisuke Matsuzaka speculated that if they had used NPB regulation balls, which were livelier than MLB balls, the home run could have traveled more than 180 meters (590 feet). Bruce Bochy said it was the longest home run he had ever seen. Furthermore, Hirotoshi Ishii, who later in the game struck Ortiz out, said, “He looked mad at the end when I did not challenge him with my fastball. But I took the matchup seriously and after seeing what he did to the last fastball he faced, I could not dare to throw him another one.”

    With the Japanese down a run in the top of the fifth, Akahoshi scored on Akinori Iwamura’s single to tie the game, 3-3. After the game, Bochy had high praise for Akahoshi: “He’s an exciting player. Just like Crawford, he is able to make a difference with his speed and his bat. Very impressive.”

    The game was decided in the bottom of the eighth, as Victor Martinez and Wilkerson hit back-to-back RBI singles to help their team win 5-3. Said Ortiz: “We came here to win. We’re still a little tired, but we’re going to keep on playing hard.”

    Kyle Lohse started for the MLB team, surrendering three runs in 4⅔ innings. “We’re playing in (Hideki) Matsui’s home country. We have to be careful and throw well,” he commented postgame.

    The win went to Chris Reitsma, who pitched a clean eighth inning. Sadaharu Oh said that despite his team having a chance to win, the MLB squad was playing hard, too. He was glad that it was not a one-sided affair and hoped his team would do better the next day. As for Ortiz’s home run, he said with a smile, “It was perfect. His batting is all about power.”

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    The 2004 MLB All-Stars Tour of Japan
  • Major League Baseball’s 2002 All-Star Tour of Japan

    Major League Baseball’s 2002 All-Star Tour of Japan

    by Roberta J. Newman

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Roberta Newman focuses on the 2002 MLB-Japan All-Star series.

    The glossy, color print advertisement for the 2002 All-Star Japan Series features an exterior shot of a terminal at Tokyo Narita airport. But instead of planes pulling up to the gates, giant baseball bats of various makes and models encircle the building, as if preparing to disgorge passengers. Below the image the ad copy reads “Zenbei Rainichi” (All-Americans Arrive in Japan) and below that in a smaller font, “Nichibei Yakyu 2002” (Japan America Baseball 2002). Next to small type across the bottom, headshots of six players, from both Major League Baseball (MLB) and Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) including Ichiro Suzuki, Barry Bonds, and Hideki Matsui are arrayed in a row. The winner of a major global advertising award in 2003, this clever print ad, designed to be placed in glossy magazines and other color publications, is clearly aimed at a large, knowledgeable consumer base. Produced by BBDO Japan, it is a quality advertisement that suggests quality entertainment.

    The event, the 2002 MLB-NPB All-Star Series, was a seven-game series, played over nine days, from November 9 to 17. In addition, the MLB team played a warm-up game against the Japanese champion Yomiuri Giants. It was the eighth Nichibei All-Star Series, held in even-numbered years between 1986 and 2006, with the exception of 1994, the strike year. The MLB All-Star team was led by manager Art Howe, who had just signed a four-year, $9.4 million contract to manage the New York Mets. Accompanying Howe were headline stars Barry Bonds, Ichiro Suzuki, Bernie Williams, Roberto Alomar, and Jason Giambi. Every game was broadcast live on Nippon TV (NTV), and the Japanese press corps was large, as it usually is for events featuring national baseball heroes.

    Interest in the best players from each league competing against one another appeared to be high. Just ahead of both the 2002 and 2003 seasons, Sony issued a SquareSoft-designed Playstation2 game entitled Nichibei Pro Yakyu: Final League (Japanese-America Pro Baseball), pitting player-created teams from Japan and the United States against each other. Potential virtual rosters would no doubt have resembled the lineups competing in the actual series. On the publishing end, the book Nichibei Puroyakyu Chinbamen Meijajji (literally Excellent and Absurd Judges for Rare Settings in Japan and US Professional Baseball), written by the Pacific League record-keeper and statistics columnist for Shukan Baseball, Isao Chiba, provided Japanese fans of the international matchup the opportunity to test their trivia skills.

    Coverage of the all-star series by the English-language press was sparse and limited in scope. Even the generally enthusiastic Japan Times, Japan’s foremost English-language newspaper, devoted fewer column inches than might be expected to the series. There were occasional game accounts, but not for every contest. Moreover, the paper offered only line scores, as opposed to complete box scores. What coverage there was in the English-language press, both North American and Japanese, coalesced around a central theme, the fate of Yomiuri Giants’ slugging super-star Hideki Matsui. With Matsui poised to sign with a major-league team – speculation correctly centered on the New York Yankees – the game coverage took a backseat to Matsui-mania.

    The coming All-Star Series also caused media to ponder the fate of Japanese professional baseball, given the impending departure of one of its biggest stars. An article on the front page of the November 5 English-language edition of the Mainichi Shimbun asked, “Is Japanese Baseball a Farm System for the Bigs?” It is a rhetorical question, answered with, “[T]he loss of [Hideki Matsui] to MLB means that a further hollowing out of Japanese professional baseball is probably inevitable.” He wrote, “To hear some people talk, the future of Nippon Pro Baseball as we know it, is on the line. When Matsui follows Ichiro and Kazuhiro Sasaki to the Show, they say, it will signal that the NPB has become nothing more than a launching pad to the big leagues.”

    Perhaps expectedly, members of the American press approached this question from the opposite perspective. Anthony McCarron, the Yankees beat writer for the New York Daily News, opined, “Matsui, an icon akin to Michael Jordan in Japan,” joining an MLB team would be “something Japanese fans are eager to see.” Of the frontrunners for Matsui’s services, McCarron wrote, the Yankees “have done extensive ground work in Japan recently, including establishing a working agreement with the (Yomiuri) Giants and sending stars Bernie Williams and Jason Giambi to play in Japan with a group of major-league all-stars.” Clearly, McCarron was less concerned about the “hollowing out” process than the Japanese journalists. The point, however, was the same. Japanese baseball was becoming a feeder for the majors. In this light, the all-star series served two purposes; it provided a showcase for Japanese players contemplating a move to US baseball, and it created an opportunity for interested major-league teams to send emissaries to help convince Japanese targets that their particular teams were right for them.

    Perhaps no one was clearer about the role of the 2002 All-Star Series as a Matsui-centric undertaking than Filip Bondy of the Daily News. He wrote, “The eight-game, four-city baseball series beginning on Saturday between Major League and Japan League stars has become as much a shopping trip as a competition. Every American team, including the Mets, wants to wheel a cart through these East Asian aisles. Howe, as manager of the Major League stars, has a perfect view of the merchandise.” Although referring to Matsui and his NPB teammates as “merchandise” is less-than journalistic in tone – something that was characteristic of Bondy’s writing in general – his point was well-taken. From either a Japanese or American perspective, the 2002 international celebration of baseball had certainly taken on an acquisitional tone, and Matsui was the prize quarry.

    While Matsui-mania may have been the order of the day, a few English-language newspapers previewed the series and the participating players with enthusiasm. The Nanaimo (British Columbia) Daily News listed the entire MLB roster, but featured players who were either Canadian nationals or played for Canadian teams. The paper foregrounded Eric Hinske of the Toronto Blue Jays in its coverage and noted that he would be joined by Montreal native Eric Gagne and Montreal Expos pitchers Bartolo Colon and Tomo Ohka, a Japanese native, alongside the likes of Bonds.

    In the same vein, the South Florida Sun Sentinel of Fort Lauderdale focused its attention on the two Florida Marlins joining the tour. Profiling Derrek Lee, the Sun Sentinel underscored his family’s history with professional Japanese baseball. His uncle, Leron Lee, played for a decade with the Lotte Orions. His father, Leon Lee, was also an Orion, and later a Yokohama Taiyo Whale and a Yakult Swallow. In 2003 Leon Lee would make history. After joining the Orix Blue Wave as hitting coach, he replaced Hiromichi Ishige as manager early in the season, becoming the first African American to manage in Japanese professional baseball. Given his family’s history, Derrek Lee made an ideal subject for a pre-tour preview. Discussing Japanese baseball, Lee noted, “They treat you so well over there. They don’t have basketball and football, so baseball is their sport. If you do well, they’ll treat you good. [Leon] was pretty big over there and the fans loved him. Some guys have a tough time making the adjustment, because if you don’t do well, it can be tough.” Lee added, “It’s not as different as you would think. It’s pretty Westernized. A lot of people over there, especially now, speak English. It’s not all just raw fish and kimonos.”

    The Japan Times’ sole Matsui-free preview centered on David Eckstein of the World Series champion Anaheim Angels. The article, headlined “Lil’ Angel Packs a Big League Punch,” by staff writer Rob Smaal, presented Eckstein’s small stature as evidence that similar-sized Japanese players could, in fact, succeed in the majors. Eckstein, himself, mentioned Ichiro as proof-positive. The article concluded with a discussion of the Angel’s taste in food. Smaal wrote, “While Eckstein holds Japanese ballplayers in high regard, he’s not quite as fond of some of the local cuisine. ‘I’m not a Sushi man,’ Eckstein says. ‘In fact, I don’t eat fish at all. But I do love beef, so I’ve been told that I’ve got to try some of that Kobe beef, maybe tonight.’” The same Japan Times issue also included a photograph of Barry Bonds and Yomiuri Giants owner Tsuneo Watanabe dressed in traditional happi coats breaking open a sake barrel with decorative baseball bats.

    Happi coats and sushi aside, the tour’s ostensible purpose was to play baseball, and play they did. In their first game, the MLB squad faced off against the Yomiuri Giants at the Tokyo Dome in front of a sellout crowd of 55,000. In this case, rare game coverage appeared in the Sunday New York Times sports section. Given that the college sports, NFL, and NBA seasons were well underway, this was somewhat unusual. But their focus was not. Theoretically, the MLB team was facing the Japanese champions, but to read the article, the Giants had just one player on the field. The headline read: “Japanese Star Receives Taste of Future Against U.S. Stars.” Describing the scene on the field, the article observed, “The stadium speakers blared the rock song ‘We Are the Champions’ before Matsui’s at-bats and he took a curtain call after the game. But Matsui had little luck showcasing his talents in front of his hometown fans and visiting major league scouts. He grounded out softly to third in the second inning and struck out swinging in the fourth before singling to right field in the seventh inning. He lined out to shortstop in his final at-bat.” Rather, Bonds and Giambi did all the slugging. The article continued, “Matsui, playing center field, barely gave chase as Giambi’s first and Bonds’s second home runs sailed over his head into the stands.” Only two other Giants are mentioned, starting pitcher Yusaku Iriki, who gave up the aforementioned home runs, and Yoshinobu Takahashi, the right fielder, in the article’s conclusion. Asked if he was considering following his countryman to the major leagues, Takahashi replied, “‘I’ll have to see how Matsui does. If he doesn’t do so well, I’m not sure I could do well in America, either.” The rest of the article is a fine example of Matsui-mania: It mentions that a rumored two-year deal with worth $23 million was supposedly already in place with the New York Yankees, even though the team could not officially begin negotiating with Matsui until November 13.  Both the slugger and the Yankees denied the claim.

    The general tenor of the New York Times’s coverage was echoed in the Japan Times. Two prominent headlines dominated the sports pages after the game. As if readers might forget who was the star of the show, staff writer Dan Latham made no bones about it. Under the headline “‘Godzilla’ Is Just Getting Warmed Up,” he wrote, “Hideki Matsui may not have cleared the fences, but that doesn’t mean he failed to impress.” Whom did he impress? According to Latham, the answer is Bonds and Howe. Speaking in fluent baseball clichés, Howe opined, “He batted well tonight. He hit the ball hard.” Bonds, eschewing the type of standard response issued by Howe, used the opportunity to make an indirect pitch to Matsui. A repeat all-star tour attendee, Bonds commented, “I’ve had the opportunity to play with him a couple of times. He’s a good player and he’ll put on a good show for everybody before the series is over. He’s their main guy and I’d like to play with him over there in San Francisco.” Earlier, Bonds also remarked on how good Matsui would look in a different Giants uniform.

    In an accompanying article in the Japan Times headlined “Bonds, MLB All-Stars Teach Giants a Lesson,” writer Junji Noda pulled no punches. “On a night when Hideki Matsui was the focus of attention, it was the major league’s [sic] most dominant hitters who showed the Yomiuri Giants center fielder what the term ‘slugger’ really means.” Matsui and his Giants teammates did not fare well at all in the article. Noda wrote that Bonds and Giambi used their home-run power to “humiliate the Japan Series champion.” Although the article paid scant attention to it, Bonds and Giambi were not the only players to contribute to the Giants’ loss. The sluggers did account for four homers, but second baseman Roberto Alomar and shortstop Eckstein also contributed to the MLB squad’s victory. A combination of three MLB pitchers gave up just five hits, with J.C. Romero surrendering the Japanese club’s sole run, batted in by catcher Shinnosuke Abe. Ichiro did not play.

    The all-star series began in earnest on November 10. Once again, the MLB team played in front of a sellout audience of 55,000 in the Tokyo Dome. This time, the outcome was anything but humiliating for the NPB All-Stars. Right-hander Koji Uehara struck out Barry Bonds three times and Giambi twice. According to the New York Times, one of the few English-language publications to have paid attention to the contest (the Japan Times having limited its coverage to a line score), “Barry Bonds opened a seven-game all-star series with one of his worst games in a year and a half.”  In fact, prior to this game, the last time Bonds stuck out three times was on August 8, 2001, a full season and a half before. Uehara, Matsui’s Yomiuri teammate, allowed only one run, a solo homer by Torii Hunter in the fifth inning. Japan won the contest, 8-4. The Times did mention that the NBP team was powered by former major leaguer Alex Cabrera of the Seibu Lions, who homered and drove in three runs. It also reported that Cabrera’s teammates recorded 18 hits against five MLB pitchers. And of course, it gave the requisite Matsui communique. Seemingly far more important than Cabrera’s excellent game was Matsui’s two-run double off Brad Penny, his only hit of the game.

    From Tokyo, the teams traveled to Fukuoka to play in front of another large crowd at the sold-out Fukuoka Dome. In contrast to previous tour coverage by the Japan Times, the paper’s perfunctory account mentioned Matsui but once – his line-drive hit off starter Mark Buehrle’s shoulder. Prior to his exit, Buehrle gave up five hits and four runs in three innings. Reliever Miguel Batista didn’t fare any better, tying his successor for futility, allowing four runs on seven hits over four innings. The game’s 8-2 outcome was clearly communicated in the Japan Times headline, “Japan Blasts MLB Stars.” In an attempt not to show up his opponents, winning pitcher Kenshin Kawakami was deferential. “I had imagined I would allow a lot more runs. We’re using (larger) major league balls that I’m not used to, but my curveballs broke more than they did during the regular season,” he explained, almost apologetically.

    The MLB All-Stars fared only slightly better against the NPB team the following day in Osaka. Once again the ballpark was packed, and once again the NPB All-Stars won. The same day as Barry Bonds heard that he had won his fifth MVP award, he hit a solo home run, as did teammate Torii Hunter, but they were not enough to offset the Japanese offense. And once again, Matsui was the headliner in the Japan Times’s reporting. It was, however, a different Matsui. Covering the game, Noda observed, “It’s probably time someone came up with another nickname for Seibu Lions shortstop Kazuo Matsui. Matsui, who is known as ‘Little’ Matsui in comparison to Yomiuri Giants slugger Hideki ‘Godzilla’ Matsui, came through with some clutch hitting, going 4 for 5 with three RBIs to lead the Japan All-Stars to an 8-6 win.” Noda also noted Kazuo Matsui’s scheduled free agency at the end of the 2003 season. (He left Japan and signed with the New York Mets for 2004.) One reason for the shift of focus from Godzilla to Little Matsui was the former’s poor performance at the plate. Hideki went 0-for-5 and did not contribute to his team’s barrage of 16 hits.

    But Hideki Matsui did not lack for column inches. In the same issue of the Japan Times, columnist Marty Kuehnert’s speculation on the Japanese free agent’s potential for success ran under the headline, “Godzilla Doesn’t Need His Momma Looking After Him Anymore.” Kuehnert wasn’t joking. According to the columnist, “The funniest (Japanese originated) rumors now about Matsui’s chances of success deal with the fact that he is a 28-year-old bachelor, and how could he possibly take care of himself in America. After all, in Japan his mother journeys from Ishikawa Prefecture … every other week to clean his apartment, wash his clothes and make enough food to fill his refrigerator. Now mom, and dad, are both concerned about whether their little boy, all 186 cm and 95 kg [6-feet-1, 209 pounds] of him, could survive on his own in America.”

    After a day off, the All-Star Series moved to Sapporo. David Lennon of Long Island’s Newsday reported, “It’s snowing here on the northern island of Hokkaido, and 30 degrees cooler than any other stop on this all-star tour, but Art Howe is feeling some heat.” He continued, “The inside joke among the Americans traveling here is that Howe is already in serious trouble with the New York media, a bloodthirsty group that pounced on Howe from the moment he was hired by the Mets. But it was the usually reverent Japanese media who showed some bite following Tuesday’s 8-6 loss at funky Osaka Dome. A Japanese reporter to Howe: ‘Do you feel any pressure, like you’re standing at the edge of a cliff?’” Howe’s team took a much needed step back from the precipice in the fourth all-star matchup, edging the NPB team 6-5 in freezing Hokkaido in front of another packed house, just shy of a sellout, at the Sapporo Dome. Once again Bonds and Giambi both homered. So, too, did Japan’s third baseman, Norihiro Nakamura. Bonds’ home run, a grand slam in the top of the sixth inning off Hirotoshi Ishii, gave his team a 6-4 lead. Both “Little” and “Big” Matsui went hitless.

    The MLB All-Stars continued their comeback at the Tokyo Dome on November 15. Again, there was scant coverage of the game. In a short paragraph, the New York Times mentioned only Bonds’ offensive contribution – a fourth-inning RBI double – in the 4-0 MLB victory. MLB pitchers Randy Wolf, Mike Fetters, and J.C. Romero combined for a two-hit shutout. Seemingly more important to the Times was the contest before the contest. In a mini-home run derby, Bonds defeated Matsui, 8-5, with each taking 20 swings.

    The next day, November 16, the MLB bats promised by BBDO’s beautiful print ad finally landed at the Tokyo Dome. Once again, Noda covered the game for the Japan Times, writing, “The big boys found a new way to win, and it had nothing to do with anyone’s power. The major league All-Star team stuck to the short ball and timely hitting, while the Japanese All-Stars made critical errors as the visiting team scraped out a 12-7 victory to knot the seven-game series 3-3.” With 18 hits to their credit (though only Bernie Williams homered), “scraped” may not be the most accurate term to describe the MLB squad’s victory. Every starter had at least one base hit by the fifth inning. “One only needed to look down the MLB score card to see how badly they humiliated (starting pitcher Hisashi) Iwakuma,” wrote Noda. Certainly, Iwakuma did not have his best day, giving up 12 hits and seven earned runs in four innings, but he remained positive and did not seem humiliated. “They’re amazing indeed,” he said of his opponents. “I’m not saying this because I lost, but I enjoyed [the game]. … Still, I’m disappointed.” Although the NPB All-Stars doubled the MLB’s home-run output, with two blasts off the bat of “Little” Matsui, and had 11 hits overall, it was not enough to overcome Iwakuma’s outing.

    The seventh and final all-star matchup was also played at Tokyo Dome.27 And as in the previous game, the MLB squad emerged with the win, by a score of 4-2. With only a 2-1 lead, Filip Bondy wryly observed, “The major leaguers started boarding buses to distant Narita Airport in the sixth inning yesterday, as if these vehicles were the last transport out of Saigon. Barry Bonds, not unexpectedly, was among the first group. He was removed for a pinch-runner and headed for an early flight for the West Coast. Bartolo Colon and Bernie Williams left for another flight to Kennedy. With the game and the series on the line, the team’s best players were going, going, gone.”

    Down 4-2, the Japanese rallied in the ninth. After Kazuo Matsui singled and reached second with one out, Norihiro Nakamura crushed a fly to deep center field. Torii Hunter sprinted after the ball, leapt, and crashed into the wall at full speed as he made the spectacular catch, robbing Nakamura of at least a double. “Little” Matsui tagged up and went to third. With two outs, Hideki Matsui came to the plate. But in his last game in Japan, “Godzilla left his old stomping grounds with more of a whimper than a bang” as he hit a weak ground ball to second to end the game. Although Matsui had performed well in the final game, going 1-for-3 with two walks, the series had been a disappointment as he had hit only .161 (5-for-31) with no home runs.

    Godzilla had been outshined by both “Little” Matsui, who led the Japanese squad with a .423 average and seven RBIs, and Ichiro Suzuki, who went 4-for-4 with a double and a stolen base in the final game and hit .355 during the series. “When I was playing for Japan, the U.S. teams were always unbeatable,” Ichiro told Bondy, “I was thinking, ‘What if we lose when I’m on the Major League team. That was not going to be funny.’”

    With the game and series over, Matsui-mania returned in full force. In an article headlined “Giambi Sees Big Things Ahead for ‘Godzilla,’” Noda wrote, “As hard as it is to imagine a Japanese ballplayer batting in the heart of the order for the New York Yankees, Jason Giambi won’t second guess Hideki Matsui’s potential.” At a press conference conducted before the sixth game of the series, Giambi spoke about the NPB’s role as feeder for the major leagues, but with a positive spin. According to the Japan Times, Giambi noted that Matsui “has created more than enough noise in Japan, which has become ‘a new avenue’ for Major League Baseball scouts and owners searching for the next Ichiro.” Giambi, not so obliquely referring to the Matsui-centric coverage, noted, “He’s a phenomenal player who had accomplished some incredible feats in Japan. Of course he’s getting a lot of attention right now because he’s talking about coming over to the U.S. and playing baseball. To these people out here, that’s big. Ichiro came over and he’s played well. They’re hoping if he does go over, he’ll play well. So he definitely deserves the hype he’s getting.”

    The Yankees first baseman also offered his assessment of other NPB All-Stars and their major-league potential. “‘Little’ Matsui, he’s a phenomenal player. The kid who pitched the first night (Yomiuri’s Koji Uehara), very good. … I heard there’s another kid who’s got a groin injury (Seibu Lions pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka) but is supposed to be as good as Uehara.” Kazuo Matsui went on to play seven seasons with the Mets, the Colorado Rockies, and the Houston Astros. Both Uehara and Matsuzaka would follow the Matsuis to the major leagues. Uehara spent nine seasons in the United States, playing for the Baltimore Orioles, the Texas Rangers, the Boston Red Sox, and the Chicago Cubs, before returning to the Yomiuri Giants for two more seasons. Matsuzaka spent six seasons with the Red Sox and two with the Mets, winning the Rookie of the Year Award in 2007 and helping Boston win a World Series.

    Yankees general manager Brian Cashman and President Randy Levine did not leave Japan with the alacrity of some of the MLB All-Stars, but stayed for a few extra days, ostensibly to announce an agreement with the Yomiuri Giants. The agreement entailed a general information exchange, scouting reports from both teams, support for the Japanese team with the development of Latin American prospects, support for New York with the development of Asian players, and reciprocity regarding information about players’ rehabilitation and conditioning. It did not, insisted Cashman and Levine, have anything to do with Matsui.

    Roughly a month after the tour, Hideki Matsui did, in fact, sign with the Yankees, inking a three-year deal worth $21 million. Asked why he would leave Japan to play in the United States, Matsui replied, “It’s just my will, thought and belief that I want to play in the big leagues.” The former Giant joined the Yankees for the 2003 season and made himself an instant fan favorite by hitting a grand slam in his first game in the Bronx. After seven seasons and the 2009 World Series MVP Award, the Yankees did not offer him another contract. Rather, he played for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim for a season, followed by a season each with the Oakland Athletics and the Tampa Bay Rays. Over the 10 seasons, Matsui made $83,250,000 in salary, and perhaps even more in Japanese product endorsements as an international superstar.

    While Matsui and the other 2002 all-stars achieved success on both sides of the Pacific, one import – this time American – did not fare so well. According to the Village Voice, once New York’s preeminent alternative weekly, “To give locals the full American experience the powers that be brought along the Phillie Phanatic, whose ungainly boogie to the strains of ‘Kung Fu Fighting’ (a Chinese art, mind you) earned rapturous applause. Anaheim’s Rally Monkey, by contrast, met with politely baffled silence.” Of course, furry mascots, emblems of kawaii culture, a culture of cuteness, have long been popular in Japan. Although Japanese fans might have been hard-pressed to describe the Phanatic as cute, it is easy to see how the furry green creature would strike a chord with them. A video monkey, however, was a hard sell.

    Unfortunately, as Filip Bondy observed, American baseball fans seem to have been more interested in a jumping primate than the Japan All-Star Series “Why? Nobody knows, really. The series should be an important test of will and talent. It should be the Ryder Cup, the Davis Cup and the World Cup.” Although Bondy’s question was purely rhetorical, there may, in fact, be at least one answer to it. Other than scattered coverage by Bondy, David Lennon, the New York Times, and the odd local interest piece, the series was largely ignored by the American and Canadian press. The series did not garner more than a one-line mention in The Sporting News and received no coverage in Sports Illustrated. Even with sparse information available about the series, it might have drawn more North American attention had it been televised. But it was not.

    “The reasons the games weren’t carried in the United States seem to illustrate some flawed thinking about the sport by its own executives and the relationship between the game and television networks. Granted, these games weren’t going to be ratings blockbusters. Heck, the World Series was the lowest-rated one in history,” wrote Newsday’s Steve Zipay. MLB approached ESPN but was turned down. “They said they had a very crowded schedule of regular-season games, college football, NBA, NFL, hockey, tennis, and golf and that their plate was full,” said MLB’s executive vice president for business, Tim Brosnan. According to Zipay, MLB did not approach other networks, such Fox Sports Net, MSG, SNY, or YES, as they assumed that these smaller networks would have little interest in broadcasting the games. [It] “seems like a missed opportunity,” concluded Zipay. Ultimately, Hideki Matsui, the Yankees, and the US major leagues were the true winners of the 2002 All-Star Series, while Japanese baseball, whose biggest stars crossed the Pacific for a bigger stage, and North American baseball fans lost.

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    Major League Baseball’s 2002 All-Star Tour of Japan

  • The 2000 All-Star Series in Japan

    The 2000 All-Star Series in Japan

    by Dave Wilkie

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week DAVE WILKIE tells us about the 2000 MLB vs Japan All-Star Series.

    Japanese baseball was front and center as the excitement of the new millennium kicked off with an unprecedented Opening Day celebration and ended with a matchup between two star-studded teams battling for world baseball supremacy. Between these two major events, Japan’s greatest closer would win the American League’s Rookie of the Year Award, and the first full-time position player would attempt to make the jump from Japanese superstar to major-league legend.

    Japan has a long history of hosting American baseball teams, including many prominent White major-league and Black Negro League teams from the past. In 1986 a new competition began, pitting major-league All-Stars against NPB All-Stars in a biennial series that continued in this form until 2006. (The 1994 matchup was canceled because of the US players strike.) There were 11 such events and by the 2000 version the dominance of the major leaguers had been firmly established.

    Setting the stage for the 2000 All-Star Series was the major leagues’ first Opening Day ever played outside of North America, pitting the New York Mets against Sammy Sosa’s Chicago Cubs. Sosa was an icon in Japan thanks to his visit in 1998 when he launched three home runs, batted a sensational .481, and ran away with the series MVP award. It didn’t hurt that Japanese slugging superstar Hideki Matsui of the Yomiuri Giants was also one of Sosa’s biggest fans. After Matsui slugged a home run in front of his counterpart in an exhibition game before the Opening Day series, he said, “It’s good to hit a home run in front of Sammy because he taught me how to bat last year.” Matsui’s praise for Sosa didn’t stop there. He added, “I learned a lot from Sammy Sosa about hitting technique.” Matsui had performed well in the previous two Japan All-Star Series and was once again set to compete in the 2000 contest. Hideki “Godzilla” Matsui had already proven his dominance in Japan and he was paving the way for his eventual jump to the major leagues.

    The two-game Opening Day series marked the first time major-league baseball played games that counted in Japan and the players were wary of the 16-hour flight and how it might affect the first few weeks of the season. Some 55,000 watched as the teams split the two games, played on March 29 and 30. Commissioner Bud Selig hoped that this series would be a stepping stone to a future in which American teams would be pitted against their Japanese rivals to determine a true world series champion. Baseball ambassador and lifelong Dodgers luminary Tommy Lasorda agreed when he stated, “I wouldn’t be surprised if sometime soon – not in my lifetime, ’cause I’m too old – the winner of the American World Series would play the winner of the Japanese World Series. I think that would be fantastic.” Lasorda, along with Hall of Famers Hank Aaron and Ernie Banks, also made the trip to Japan.

    The fall’s All-Star Series consisted of eight games, played between November 3 and November 12, in five Japanese cities. Although the tour was planned months in advance, the major league roster was announced just a week before the trip. The squad of 15 position players and 13 pitchers included Barry Bonds, Roberto and Sandy Alomar, Carlos Delgado, Jeff Kent, Gary Sheffield, Randy Johnson, and Kazuhisa Sasaki.

    At the helm for the Major League All-Stars was future Hall of Fame manager Bobby Cox who brought a powerhouse team with him to Japan.Highlights from his managerial career included four Manager of the Year Awards, 15 divisional titles, and a World Series championship with the Atlanta Braves in 1995. He was also famously ejected from 165 games, by far the most by any manager in major-league history. Cox had this to say about his team’s preparation and the long flight to Japan from the States: “We hadn’t played in a long time, but we had three excellent workouts. Today everybody felt pretty good. If we had to play yesterday, that would have been tough, but the second day’s not bad.”

    The Japanese team consisted of most of the country’s top stars with the notable exception of Ichiro Suzuki, who sat out the series as he negotiated a move to the major leagues. The roster included Hideki Matsui, Kenji Johjima, Tsuyoshi Shinjyo, Atsuya Furuta, and So Taguchi. Japanese baseball god and the country’s most popular star, Shigeo Nagashima, was set to manage the first two games for the Japanese team. Mr. Baseball, as Nagashima was called in Japan, had just guided the legendary Yomiuri Giants to a six-game victory over the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in Japan’s version of the World Series, the Japan Series. Making the victory even sweeter, he triumphed over his old rival and teammate, the world’s all-time home run king, Sadaharu Oh. Oh would take over the managerial duties for the Japanese All-Stars for the third game of the series. Nagashima and Oh won nine straight Japan Series titles between 1965 and 1973 as Yomiuri Giants teammates and played together for a remarkable 16 seasons. Their personalities were like night and day, though, with Nagashima playing the role of the movie star. He was animated, good looking and humorous, and played the game with a joyous abandon. Oh, on the other hand, was a baseball samurai, aikido- and kendo-trained and far more robotic in his approach to the game. He also slugged 868 home runs, far outpacing his American peers, Hank Aaron and Babe Ruth. But Oh would always live in Nagashima’s shadow, as Lou Gehrig would live in Babe Ruth’s. The Hawks took the first two games of the Japan Series, but then the mighty Giants swept the next four to secure the championship led by Mr. Baseball and Godzilla, who took home the series MVP honors.

    Game 1 in the Japan/Major League All-Star Series was set for November 3, and New York Met Jay Payton was the only returning player from the Opening Day festivities. Payton’s Mets were coming off a World Series loss to the New York Yankees. Payton had played well, appearing in all five games and hitting .333 with a home run and three RBIs. He seemed excited to be back in Japan, exclaiming, “It’s nice because I started the season here and I’m finishing up here.” Payton placed third in the National League Rookie of the Year voting and continued his success in Game 1 of the All-Star Series, going 2-for-4 with an RBI in the MLB All-Stars’ 8-5 triumph. Japan’s starting pitcher, Hisanori Takahashi was tagged for six earned runs in three innings and took the loss. Takahashi was coming off a stellar rookie season for the champion Yomiuri Giants that saw him go 9-6 with a 3.18 ERA. Takahashi also shined with a Game 5 shutout against the Daiei Hawks in the Japan Series that year but didn’t have his stuff against the Major League All-Stars, serving up home run balls to Roberto Alomar, Sheffield, and Delgado before exiting the game. Takahashi would get his chance in the major leagues, pitching well in 2010 and 2011 until age got the best of him. Kazuhiro Sasaki pitched a perfect ninth for the Major League All-Stars to earn the save and Bonds chipped in with the team’s fourth home run.

    Takeshi Yamasaki had a fine game for the Japanese All-Stars, going 2-for-3 with two runs scored, a double, and a walk. In 1987, as an 18-year-old, Yamasaki played for the Los Angeles Dodgers’ Gulf Coast League team before returning to Japan full-time. He was unable to record a hit in 10 at-bats for the Dodgers farm club, but etched out a solid career in the Japanese leagues, smashing 403 home runs and driving in 1,215 runs in a career spanning 25 years. After belting two hits in the opener of the series, Yamasaki slumped and failed to record another hit, going 0-for-10 the rest of the way.

    In what must have felt like an uphill climb for the Japanese team they faced 6-foot-10 left-handed fireball pitching ace Randy Johnson in Game 2 of the series. The Big Unit was coming off a 19-7 season with the Arizona Diamondbacks in which he struck out a mind-boggling 347 batters in 248⅔ innings. Japan’s 5-foot-7 leadoff hitter, Toshihisa Nishi, stepped to the plate against Johnson in the top of the third inning. Nishi was also a member of the title-winning Yomiuri Giants, stroking .360 in the Japan Series, and was named to his second all-star squad for the 2000 season. Nishi was best known for his defense at second base and won four consecutive Gold Gloves between 1999 and 2002. (After his career in Japan ended, he signed with the Lancaster (Pennsylvania) Barnstormers, an independent Atlantic League team, becoming their first Japanese player in a strange ending to his professional career.) Nishi laced a double to right center, scoring Kenji Johjima, to put Japan on the board. Johnson lasted only three innings, leaving down 2-1, but registered seven strikeouts in his brief outing.

    The game was tied going into the bottom of the ninth, after Japan tied the score with three runs on five hits in the top of the fifth inning. Unfortunately for Japan, usually reliable closer Masahide Kobayashi gave up a walk-off “sayonara” home run to light-hitting shortstop Omar Vizquel.

    Japan’s bats finally came alive in Game 3 as the team pounded out eight runs in the first two innings off shell-shocked MLB starter Livan Hernandez. It was a balanced attack as all nine starters managed at least one hit. Sadaharu Oh took over the managerial reigns for the Japanese club on this occasion. Tatsuhiko Kinjo was the game’s star. Kinjo’s 2000 rookie season was one for the ages as the infielder pounded the ball at a .346 clip, capturing the Central League batting title and rookie of the year honors in the process. Kinjo was drawing comparisons to perennial batting champ Ichiro Suzuki at the time, but ultimately he would never live up to these lofty expectations, partially due to an ongoing battle with his weight. His Game 3 performance included rapping out four hits in four at-bats, scoring three runs and driving in two in Japan’s 20-hit attack. Kinjo commented on his showing. “I had confidence I could play good defense, but I was happy I hit so well. It’s nice that the major leaguers now know my name.” In addition to Kinjo’s heroics, Nishi recorded his second straight three-hit game and both Hideki Matsui and Tsuyoshi Shinjo had three hits. The final score was 14-2 as Japan’s bullpen held the MLB squad scoreless for the last six innings.

    Kazuhiro Sasaki, in his first year with the Seattle Mariners, was named the American League Rookie of the Year on the day off between Games 3 and 4, although the 32-year-old had spent the previous 10 seasons as Japan’s top closer and all-time saves leader. Sasaki was the second-oldest player to win the award – Negro League great Sam Jethroe was 33 when he won the award in 1950 –and the second Japanese player to win it after Hideo Nomo in 1995. Sasaki had this to say about the honor. “I did not think I was going to receive this award because I did play in Japan for ten years.” He also spoke about how the Japanese leagues compared to US major-league baseball. “It is very difficult to say, but I can tell you the level of baseball in America and Japan are very different. America is definitely higher. The level in Japan is coming along.” Sasaki had four very good seasons with the Mariners, but homesickness led him back to Japan in 2004 when he walked away from the final year of his contract and $8.5 million to be with his family. For his many accomplishments, Kazuhiro Sasaki was inducted into Japan’s Hall of Fame in 2014.

    The rules laid out before the series dictated that all games would be limited to nine innings and this came into play in the fourth game of the competition. Japan led, 2-1, after seven innings, but the MLB All-Stars tied it up in the eighth on Payton’s triple and Bonds’ RBI single. That was the extent of the scoring and the game ended in a 2-2 tie. Starting pitcher Tomohiro “Johnny” Kuroki was the standout for the Japan team, hurling five innings and allowing just three hits and one earned run. Kuroki added eight strikeouts before leaving the game up 2-1. Kuroki, a fan favorite of the Chiba Lotte Marines, was plagued by injuries throughout his career and retired seven years later at the age of 33. In 2013 Kuroki was the pitching coach for the Nippon Ham Fighters when 18-year-old Shohei Ohtani made his debut. Kuroki coached him for five years and had this to say about his star pupil in 2018: “A player like that is a treasure. He has a chance to make history and the entire Fighters organization worked to help him get there. But the person who worked the hardest was him. He has a strong heart.”

    Tomoaki Kanemoto was Japan’s top hitter in the Game 4 tie, going 2-for-4 with an RBI and a stolen base. Kanemoto had a magnificent career and was best known for his 1,766-consecutive-game streak. The streak included an incredible run of 1,492 consecutive games in which he played every inning without rest, easily outdistancing Cal Ripken’s major-league streak of 903. On the day Kanemoto passed Ripken, the Orioles ironman congratulated him with a message on the scoreboard and a bat with “Congratulations, keep playing” inscribed on it. Kanemoto wrapped up his 21-year career in 2012 with 476 homers, 1,521 RBIs, 2,539 hits, 1,430 runs, and a .285 lifetime average. Out of all these accomplishments, Kanemoto was most proud of going 1,002 straight plate appearances without hitting into a double play. His remarkable career was rewarded with election to the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame in 2018.

    The Japanese All-Stars once again fell short in Game 5. A scoreless battle was broken up in the top of the seventh inning when hits by Game 2 hero Omar Vizquel and Barry Bonds put the visitors up for good. The major-league team took the game, 5-1, as Masahide Kobayashi once again faltered in relief and could not keep his team in the game.

    On November 9, the day Game 6 took place, the Orix Bluewave of Japan’s Pacific League announced that they had accepted a bid of $13,125,000 from an undisclosed major-league team for the right to negotiate for the services of Japanese superstar and seven-time batting champion Ichiro Suzuki. This would give Ichiro the chance to become the first full-time position player to make the leap to the major leagues. Bobby Cox shared his thoughts about the lifetime .353 hitter: “If some team is offering that much money for just the right to negotiate, he’s got to be a great player. If he’s as good as I’ve heard, he’ll obviously be the first Japanese position player in the majors and could open the door for more (non-pitchers to go to the major leagues).” Ichiro, of course, went on to stardom with the Seattle Mariners and is expected to be a shoo-in for the Hall of Fame when he becomes eligible in 2025.

    Game 6 was a masterful pitching duel won by the Japanese team, 1-0. The powerful MLB team was limited to a lone hit, a sixth-inning single by Shawn Green. Starting pitcher Hisanori Takahashi more than made up for his Game 1 shellacking by no-hitting the American team through his five innings of work. Major-league starter Randy Johnson was almost as effective, going four innings and striking out seven. In Johnson’s two starts in the series he racked up an amazing 14 strikeouts in seven innings. First baseman Michihiro Ogasawara drove in the winning run in the eighth with a double, scoring teammate Tatsuhiko Kinjo with the game’s only tally.

    Ogasawara was at the top of his game after the 2000 season in which he batted .329 with 31 homers and 102 RBIs. He also scored 126 runs, a Pacific League record at the time. Ogasawara joined the exclusive Meikyukai Golden Players Club when he finished his career with 2,180 hits. This club rewards players who achieve lifetime marks of 200 wins, 250 saves, or 2,000 hits. Ogasawara finished his spectacular career with 383 home runs, 1,198 RBIs, and a career batting average of .309. At his retirement news conference in 2015 he said, “I feel relieved, kind of like this day has finally come. I have got all kinds of mixed feelings but feel refreshed.” Ogasawara added back-to-back MVP awards in 2006 and 2007 and collected six Golden Gloves and seven Best Nine Awards to round out his impressive résumé.

    Game 7, much like Game 3, was not a competitive contest, only this time it was the major leaguers doing all the damage. Japan led 3-0 after three innings, but the top of the fourth inning sealed Japan’s fate. The disastrous inning included six hits and was capped off by a Barry Bonds three-run home run, his third homer of the series, as the visitors scored eight runs. The major leaguers pounded out seven doubles in the game including two by Troy Glaus, who contributed five RBIs. Takashi Ishii was hit hard and coughed up seven earned runs in four laborious innings. In what was almost a mirror image of Game 3, the MLB team ran away with it, 13-5.

    Ishii’s claim to fame was his MVP performance for the Seibu Lions in the 2004 Japan Series, when he won the deciding seventh game with a masterful six-inning, three-hit, no-run showing against the Chunichi Dragons. For the series Ishii won two games without surrendering a run in 13 innings, giving up just five hits and striking out eight. The unlikely hero was an underwhelming 1-5 during the regular season with a 4.65 ERA in 14 starts. This was the first time a pitcher had ever won more games in a Japan Series than he did in the whole regular season.

    Game 7 was the clincher for the MLB team; the victory put them up four games to two with a tie and only one game remaining. Nevertheless, Game 8 turned out to be an exciting matchup and a good showcase for two of Japan’s soon-to-be defectors. Flamboyant fan favorite Tsuyoshi Shinjo went 2-for-2 and drove in two runs to give him five RBIs for the series, and Hideki Matsui had three hits in Japan’s 5-4 loss. Matsui and Shinjo would find themselves in the major leagues within three years of this contest, with Shinjo becoming the second position player to make the journey after Ichiro. Of the two, Matsui attained more success, becoming the first power hitter to make the transition. Matsui crushed 20 or more homers in five of his 10 major-league seasons and eclipsed the 100-RBI mark four times. The highlight of Matsui’s major-league stay was his 2009 World Series MVP award for the champion New York Yankees. In that Series, Matsui hit an otherworldly .615 with three home runs and eight RBIs. Matsui is a member of both the Meikyukai and Japan’s Baseball Hall of Fame.

    The MLB All-Stars, as was the case in most of these season-ending events, were the victors, taking the series five games to two with one tie. Fittingly, former Japanese star Kazuhiro Sasaki finished off the home team with his second save of the series in the Game 8 finale. “It might have been better if this was the deciding game,” Cox said, “but still it was pretty dramatic with the hometown hero coming on to play in front of the Japanese fans and pitch against the Japanese all-stars and strike out the last two batters.”

    Closer inspection shows a much more even competition. Japan led in batting average, .301 to .284, on-base-percentage, doubles, and stolen bases, but was horribly overmatched in the slugging department, hitting only two home runs to the MLB team’s nine. Japan also out fielded their counterparts, committing just three errors in the eight-game series, but it was pitching that eventually let them down. Forty-one earned runs given up in eight games was insurmountable for a team that relied on small ball to eke out victories.

    Barry Bonds was the undisputed MVP of the series, launching four home runs and driving in nine runs. He walked only twice in 30 plate appearances, a stark contrast to how he was pitched to, or not pitched to, by US moundsmen. The decision to pitch to Bonds may have been a deciding factor in the series outcome. Bonds seemed to enjoy his experience and made numerous trips to Japan during his career. “It’s a great honor,” he said of his MVP award. “But we came here as a team to win and that’s the most important thing. We also wanted to make it exciting for the Japanese fans and I think we did a good job of that.”

    The Alomar brothers, Roberto and Sandy, figured prominently in the series. Sandy had the top batting average for the MLB team, outhitting his Hall of Fame brother .444 to .353. Sandy Alomar Jr. caught 1,324 games in his 20-year career, mostly for the Cleveland Indians. Alomar was the unanimous choice for American League Rookie of the Year in 1990 and was also the first rookie catcher to start an All-Star Game. Alomar, like many catchers, struggled with injuries throughout his playing career and managed only four seasons in which he reached 100 games played.

    Bobby Cox may have summed up the visit best when he stated, “(The tour) is extremely well organized, the ballparks are great, and the people are fabulous. It’s a great thing for us to see a different place, different culture. I wish we had two or three more ballgames because I’m not ready to go yet.” The Japanese play a different style of baseball than their American counterparts, and the debate will rage on as to the level of play, but the skipper’s sentiments truly captured the spirit of baseball and the goodwill of the games played between these two baseball-crazed nations.

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    The 2000 All-Star Series in Japan

  • Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara: Friendship Beyond Borders

    Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara: Friendship Beyond Borders

    By Brent Shyer and Robert Schweppe

    This article was originally published on Walteromalley.com

    History will remember Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara as a man who courageously followed his dream.

    Ikuhara might have enjoyed a long baseball coaching career in his native-born Japan, but he had aspirations that exceeded that goal, one that would take him across the Pacific Ocean to the United States of America. Borders would never define Ikuhara. Instead, he crossed borders and developed friendships around the world.

    A native of Kawara, Fukuoka, Japan, he played baseball as a catcher for prestigious Waseda University in Tokyo, where he graduated with his Bachelor of Science degree as a law major in 1959. Ikuhara worked for Riccar Sewing Machine Company (1959-1961) before playing semi-pro ball as a first baseman and then landing a position as Head Baseball Coach (1961-1964) at Asia University, Tokyo.

    But, still restless to pursue his dream of learning more about the business side of professional baseball in the United States, Ikuhara had a plan. He sought out well-respected Yomiuri columnist Sotaro Suzuki’s assistance for an introduction to Dodger President Walter O’Malley. Ikuhara went to visit Suzuki at his home in Yokohama. Multiple times when Ikuhara approached him, Suzuki wanted to think about it. Ikuhara was an avid reader of Suzuki’s columns and years earlier had also followed the excitement of the Dodgers 1956 Goodwill Tour to Japan. “Gil Hodges, Roy Campanella, Duke Snider – those were awfully big names,” once told the Los Angeles Times. “I couldn’t believe I was seeing them.”1 It whet his appetite to see more American baseball.

    In fact, Suzuki was more than a columnist, he was emissary to Matsutaro Shoriki, the “father of professional baseball in Japan” and had arranged the details of that trip with O’Malley. Suzuki was also credited with helping to bring baseball back to fans in Japan during Allied Occupation and Reconstruction after World War II.

    Ikuhara persisted and he decided to bring his wife Kimiko dressed in a kimono with him to Suzuki’s residence. She and Suzuki’s wife Toku spoke at the door and finally the Ikuharas were invited into the home’s drawing room. After asking many questions, Suzuki was convinced of Ikuhara’s sincerity and he crafted a letter of introduction to O’Malleyon February 8, 1965 about a 28-year-old who doesn’t speak English but wants to travel to America and learn about the business side of baseball.

     “I have met a very promising man who has recently come to me and my home quite often to become a good friend through baseball,” Suzuki wrote to O’Malley. He continued about the baseball coach, “So far I have observed his actions in the camp (an instructional camp conducted by Tommy Lasorda and Dodger scout Kenny Myers) and have known Ikuhara to be alert, earnest, and a very hard worker.”

    Then, in concluding, Suzuki makes this bold prediction, “I am sure he shall be a good help to your organization some days in the future.”

     In the letter, Suzuki suggested that Ikuhara begin by traveling that spring to Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida, where Suzuki would accompany him. On his friend’s recommendation, O’Malley was happy to oblige and hired Ikuhara. First, Ikuhara had to secure $7,000 to make the trip and pay for expenses for two years. Kimiko’s father and Ikuhara’s dad Sashichiro, who was an elementary school teacher, made that possible. Once the funding was achieved, friends from Waseda and Asia Universities, plus family members, gathered at Haneda Airport in Tokyo the first week of March, 1965 to see Ikuhara off and wish him well, as he boarded Japan Air Lines to Los Angeles, unsure of when he would return.

     On March 12, 1965, Ikuhara and Suzuki flew in the Dodger-owned Lockheed Electra II airplane, “Kay O’”, christened for the First Lady of the Dodgers Kay O’Malley and headed to Vero Beach, Florida. Walter O’Malley was at the Vero Beach Airport to greet Suzuki and meet Ikuhara. Kimiko temporarily stayed in Japan to raise their son Mutsuo.

    Peter O’Malley and Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara at Holman Stadium, Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida circa 1965. Ikuhara started his Dodger baseball executive career at Dodgertown in the spring of 1965.

    Ikuhara started immediately with the Dodgers at Dodgertown to learn the basic operations of a major league front office and its seven days per week work schedule. He was an early riser and would outwork anyone with his dedication. Following his spring at Dodgertown, Ikuhara was asked to join Peter O’Malley in Spokane, Washington where Peter was President and General Manager of the Spokane Indians, Dodgers’ Triple-A affiliate of the Pacific Coast League, for two years (1965-66). Among Ikuhara’s many responsibilities, he managed the clubhouse in Spokane. O’Malley helped him to improve his English language skills and since Ikuhara was still removed from his wife and son, they frequently shared meals together while working long hours at the ballpark. The two bonded and became good friends.

    The Tokyo Yomiuri Giants created a special pin to commemorate the team in 1966 for the Dodgers Goodwill Tour to Japan.
    During Dodgers’ 1966 Goodwill Tour to Japan, (L-R): Kay O’Malley; Peter O’Malley; Japan Baseball Hall of Fame executive Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara; Japan sports columnist Sotaro Suzuki, member of the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame.

    In June, 1966 with encouragement from Walter and Peter, Ikuhara finally had his family join him in Spokane. That fall, Ikuhara became invaluable to the Dodgers in planning and executing the details of the Dodgers Goodwill Tour to Japan, where they played 18 exhibition games throughout the country. The Dodger traveling party was happy to have his assistance throughout the trip. Upon returning to Japan for the 1966 Dodgers Goodwill Tour, Ikuhara said, “It was like a dream.”2     

    Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, a graduate of Waseda University in Japan, working in the Dodger ticket office.
    Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara became Assistant to President Peter O’Malley in 1982. He is shown at the Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida ticket office. Ikuhara worked closely with Peter O’Malley to develop international baseball friendships and the emergence of players from Asia to play in the major leagues. Ikuhara was elected to the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame in 2002.

    When Peter moved to Los Angeles as Vice President, Stadium Operations in 1967, Ikuhara went as well to further his baseball business education at Dodger Stadium. Ikuhara purchased a home for his family in Gardena, CA. His career encompassed several front office jobs, including working in ticket sales, marketing, accounting, scouting, player development and minor league operations, plus as interpreter. Ikuhara also worked in the press box during games, controlling with great accuracy the ball, strike and out indicators on the Dodger Stadium right field scoreboard. The Dodgers found him extremely dedicated, first to arrive in the morning at Dodger Stadium. Ikuhara also was an avid runner who was regularly in the Dodger Stadium parking lots. He was also a man of great character, honest, and a good listener.

    Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara (left) and Dodger President Peter O’Malley are in Tokyo in late October for the 1970 Japan Series between the Tokyo Yomiuri Giants and the Lotte Orions. The Los Angeles Times reported that fall that O’Malley is the first official of a Major League Baseball team to attend the Japan Series.
    Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, Assistant to President Peter O’Malley, circa 1990 at Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida. He would write Spring Training information and rules in Japanese for the guests from Japan.

    Peter O’Malley was named Dodger President on March 17, 1970 as his dad became Dodger Chairman of the Board. As Peter became more involved with pursuing groundbreaking international opportunities, Ikuhara was by his side. When the professional Tokyo Yomiuri Giants were invited by the O’Malley family to spend multiple spring trainings at Dodgertown, Ikuhara served as goodwill ambassador for and supervised those visits in 1967, 1971, 1975, and 1981, plus the professional Chunichi Dragons from Nagoya, Japan in 1988. Ike handwrote all the Dodgertown Spring Training information and rules in Japanese for the guests to make everyone feel welcome. 

    On February 12, 1980, Dodger executives are welcomed with a sign to the Mitsubishi Electric Company in Nagasaki, Japan for a scale-model demonstration of Diamond Vision technology. Center of photo, Fred Claire, Dodger Vice President, Public Relations and Promotions; Peter O’Malley, Dodger President; Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, interpreter; Bob Smith, Director of Stadium Operations, Los Angeles Dodgers.

    In February, 1980, Ikuhara went with O’Malley to Tokyo as the Dodgers and Yomiuri Giants owner Toru Shoriki established a “friendly agreement” for more front office and coaching exchanges. They also traveled to Nagasaki, Japan with other Dodger executives to see a demonstration of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation’s cutting-edge technology, the Diamond Vision full-color matrix screen on a 1/30th scale. O’Malley was impressed and committed to install the world’s first, large full-color video screen in time for the 1980 MLB All-Star Game at Dodger Stadium in July. That decision changed forever how in-game entertainment was presented to fans.  

    O’Malley, accompanied by Ikuhara, worked closely for many years pursuing and advocating baseball to become a gold medal sport in the Olympic Games. It involved constant travel, meetings, correspondence, phone calls and establishing friendships in order to succeed with International Olympic Committee (IOC) voting members worldwide. O’Malley visited Japan on a regular basis to meet with the Baseball Commissioner, League Presidents, team owners, executives, managers and many friends. Ikuhara was his trusted interpreter and traveling companion. 

    Ikuhara was sought by team owners in Nippon Professional Baseball as an executive to run their ballclubs, but his loyalty to the O’Malley family made him turn those opportunities down.

    In February, 1982, Ikuhara was named Assistant to the President and was indispensable in Peter’s efforts of diplomacy to develop and expand the global growth of baseball. He assisted as interpreter and in making friendships the world over. That same year, Peter’s friend Dr. Shigeyoshi Matsumae, founder and president of Tokai University, Tokyo had an idea to assist the international baseball movement. He suggested that Peter and Ikuhara travel to Moscow, Russia and he would open the door through his friendships there.

    In October, 1982, Dr. Matsumae provided the entrée for O’Malley and Ikuhara to seek support from Soviet Union Minister of Sports Sergei Pavlov for baseball to become an official Olympic sport, while at the same time offering the Dodgers’ assistance to the Russians in developing baseball. O’Malley, who had to cancel joining Ikuhara at the last minute, provided a letter of introduction to Ikuhara to hand carry to Pavlov, from Pavlov’s good friend Dr. Matsumae.

    Thus October 7, 1982 marked the first time baseball in the Western Hemisphere made official “contact” with the Soviet Union. The meeting, held in Moscow, was also attended by Isao “Dutch” Odachi, baseball coach and baseball advisor to Dr. Matsumae. “The message was that we would appreciate it if Russia would not veto baseball and Dr. Matsumae was planning to build a baseball stadium at Moscow State University on Lenin Hill in Moscow,” said O’Malley. Ikuhara and Odachi then traveled to Lausanne, Switzerland to meet Dr. Arpad Csanadi (from Hungary), chairman of the IOC Programing Committee, with the message that Pavlov (also president of the USSR National Olympic Committee) would not oppose the movement for baseball to become an official Olympic sport.      

    (L-R): Dr. Shigeyoshi Matsumae, founder and president, Tokai University, Tokyo; Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara; Peter O’Malley, President, Los Angeles Dodgers (1970-1998); and Rod Dedeaux, College Hall of Fame baseball coach from USC (standing behind). Dr. Matsumae, a Japan Baseball Hall of Famer, visited Dodger Stadium on June 14, 1983 and sat in the Chairman’s Box with Peter O’Malley.
    (L-R): Former Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn, Dodger President Peter O’Malley and Assistant to the Dodger President Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara. Kuhn, O’Malley and Ikuhara are in Seoul, South Korea from February 9-10, 1985 for important meetings of the International Baseball Association (IBA) to discuss the possible inclusion of baseball as a gold medal sport for the 1988 Olympic Games to be held in Seoul.

    Dr. Robert Smith, President of Association International Baseball Amateur, the organization responsible for international amateur baseball known as AINBA; Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn; legendary USC Head Baseball Coach Rod Dedeaux; and O’Malley’s leadership led to the inclusion of baseball as a demonstration sport in the Games of the XXIII Olympiad in Los Angeles. Ikuhara was involved in helping to support O’Malley during that significant time in international baseball history. The popularity of baseball at Dodger Stadium in an eight-team exhibition tournament was capped by Japan defeating the USA in the finals. Baseball was the third most attended event during the 1984 Olympics. As an artistic and financial success, the tournament provided impetus for baseball’s gold medal status two years later on October 13, 1986 as voted by the IOC. The first Olympic Games with baseball added to the official program as a gold medal sport was in Barcelona in 1992.

    On the bus celebrating the opening of “Dodger Baseball Field” at the Tianjin Institute of Physical Culture, People’s Republic of China, September 12, 1986. (L-R): Senichi Hoshino, NHK-TV baseball analyst and Japan Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher, Chunichi Dragons; Japan Baseball Hall of Famer Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara; and Ikuo Ikeda, Publisher, Baseball Magazine Sha (Japan). The field was privately built by Dodger President Peter O’Malley, a first in China.
    Dodger President Peter O’Malley shakes hands with Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, his assistant during a dinner celebrating the opening of “Dodger Baseball Field”, privately built by O’Malley at TIanjin Institute of Physical Culture, People’s Republic of China, September 12, 1986. Ikuhara, the only MLB executive from the USA now in the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame, was a trusted interpreter and traveling companion who frequently accompanied O’Malley on international goodwill trips.

    O’Malley had a desire to privately build the first baseball field in the People’s Republic of China. It took many trips to China and developing friendships at the highest levels of government and sports, but O’Malley and Ikuhara persisted in the pursuit, hosting baseball leaders and elected officials at Dodger Stadium, considering potential sites, sending Dodger instructors to Kunming for clinics, and attending meetings in China.  

    The result of years of establishing those friendships was “Dodger Baseball Field” in China at the Tianjin Institute of Physical and Cultural Education (about 120 kilometers from Beijing). Dedication ceremonies were held on September 12, 1986 and O’Malley and Ikuhara invited numerous international baseball leaders and friends to attend the joyous occasion, including Dr. Matsumae;  former Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn; former USC Baseball Head Coach Rod Dedeaux; Little League Baseball President Dr. Creighton Hale; Dr. Bob Smith, President, International Baseball Association (IBA); and Japan Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Senichi Hoshino. Dodger Baseball Field became home to countless youth, amateur, collegiate and professional baseball games over decades of use and greatly assisted in the development of the sport in China.

    In February, 1987, Ikuhara and Dodger batting instructor Ben Hines traveled to Nagoya to assist the development of the professional Chunichi Dragons.

    In 1988, Ikuhara was personally asked to mentor struggling left-hand pitcher Masahiro Yamamoto of Japan’s Chunichi Dragons, who was on the verge of being cut. Through the long, hot Florida summer with the Single-A Vero Beach Dodgers, Ikuhara encouraged Yamamoto and taught him a new pitch – the screwball – and it propelled Yamamoto’s career like a rocket. Yamamoto was inducted into the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame in 2022, his 29-season career with Chunichi lasting until he was 50. He won 219 games.

    On January 18, 2009 in Nagoya, Japan, Masahiro Yamamoto, Hall of Fame pitcher of the professional Chunichi Dragons, stands on the stage with an image of his friend and mentor Japan Baseball Hall of Famer Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara in the background. The party celebrates Yamamoto’s 200th career victory in 2008 and was attended by Peter O’Malley.

    “It’s fair to say that I am a 200-win pitcher made by Ike’s knowledge,” said Yamamoto in 2009 about his mentor Ikuhara. “He loved coaching me, so I wish he was still alive to see my success today. He just loved baseball so much and day after day he taught me how important fundamentals were. I learned the whole basis in Vero Beach…I couldn’t have asked for a better career.”

    Masahiro Yamamoto, a 2022 Japan Baseball Hall of Fame left-hand pitcher, returned to Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida to film the prestigious nationwide show “Another Sky” in Japan. In 2016, Yamamoto selected Historic Dodgertown as the Nippon TV Network program features an interview with a guest at their most memorable place in the world. Dodgertown is where Yamamoto turned his baseball career around in 1988. The professional Chunichi Dragons of Nagoya held spring training at Dodgertown and they wanted to accelerate Yamamoto’s development. Staying and pitching for the Vero Beach Dodgers, Yamamoto was mentored by Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, Assistant to O’Malley. Yamamoto would return to the Dragons and pitch for them from 1988 to 2015 becoming a Hall of Famer. He always gives credit to O’Malley and Ikuhara for the role they played in launching his career.

    On February 24, 2016, Yamamoto made a triumphant return to Historic Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida to film Japan’s prestigious nationwide show “Another Sky”. The format of the Nippon TV Network program features an interview with a guest at their most memorable place in the world and Yamamoto selected Dodgertown because it turned his baseball career around in 1988 under the tutelage of Ikuhara. At the time, Ikuhara told Yamamoto, “Never give up. If you do, that’s the end.” The young pitcher took that advice to heart and kept moving forward.   

    (L-R): Peter O’Malley, Dodger President; Miichiro Katoh, Chairman, Chunichi Shimbun and owner of Chunichi Dragons; unidentified; Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, assistant to Dodger President Peter O’Malley; unidentified. O’Malley welcomes Katoh to the Vero Beach Airport adjacent to Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida with a Dodger jacket. The Chunichi Dragons trained at Dodgertown for two and a half weeks, February 15-March 5, 1988 and played the Dodgers during an exhibition game on March 3.
    While Japan’s professional Chunichi Dragons are training at Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida, two baseball coaches from Russia — Alexander Ardatov and Guela Chikhradze — are introduced at a press conference held by Dodger President Peter O’Malley. Interpreting for the Japanese media is Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara next to O’Malley, his longtime assistant. Dodgertown was the site of numerous cultural and international baseball exchanges.
    (L-R): Front row – Director, Dodgertown Terry Reynolds; Dodger President Peter O’Malley; Alexander Ardatov, coach from Russia; David Osinski, Executive Director, International Baseball Federation; Guela Chikhradze, baseball coach from Russia. Back row – Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, assistant to Dodger President Peter O’Malley; Satoru Ryo Nakayama, President of the Chunichi Dragons. O’Malley hosts baseball coaches Guela Chikhradze and Alexander Ardatov from Russia for lunch in the dining room at Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida. The coaches were visiting Dodgertown to learn more about training techniques and instruction to help a fledgling baseball program in Russia. The coaches were at Dodgertown from February 22-26, 1988.

    In 1988 Spring Training at Dodgertown, O’Malley invited two baseball coaches from Russia to visit and stay at the site to learn about the Dodger way to play the game. At the same time, the Chunichi Dragons were training at Dodgertown. Ikuhara and O’Malley held a press conference in which Ikuhara fielded questions from reporters from Japan and interpreted them for O’Malley and also the Russian coaches. He would then translate back into Japanese for the visiting press. Ikuhara took questions from the American writers and translated them into Japanese for the Chunichi manager and staff and then interpreted the answers back into English. It was truly a moment of diplomacy through baseball.  

    Dodger President Peter O’Malley is in Moscow, Russia for groundbreaking ceremonies for the first field dedicated solely to baseball in Russia, privately constructed by Dr. Shigeyoshi Matsumae, founder of Tokai University, Tokyo. O’Malley is joined by his longtime assistant Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara on the trip starting April 17, 1988 and they stand next to an artist’s rendering of Matsumae Baseball Stadium. O’Malley and Ikuhara returned for the dedication ceremonies of Matsumae Baseball Stadium on September 1, 1989 on the campus of Moscow State University, Lenin Hill.
    (L-R): Unidentified; Dodger President Peter O’Malley; Dr. Shigeyoshi Matsumae, founder and president, Tokai University, Tokyo; Dr. Creighton Hale, President, Little League Baseball; Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, Assistant to Dodger President, June 27, 1988, Tokyo.

    On April 17, 1988, O’Malley and Ikuhara made a goodwill trip to Moscow to attend the Groundbreaking Ceremony for Matsumae Baseball Stadium at Moscow State University, a $3.2 million project donated by friend Dr. Matsumae. It was to be the first baseball-only stadium built in the Soviet Union. Rod Dedeaux, the USA Olympic baseball coach in 1964 and 1984, and IBA President Dr. Smith joined them for the historic event. On September 1, 1989, O’Malley and Ikuhara returned to Moscow as guests of Dr. Matsumae for the Grand Opening of Matsumae Stadium and a four-team tournament, another milestone in international baseball history.

    Ikuhara teamed with Japan Baseball Hall of Famer Shigeo Nagashimato broadcast the World Series in Japan from 1981-1986.

    The author of two baseball books in Japanese, Ikuhara wrote: “The Man Who Survives the Race” in 1984 and “Dodger Way: A Winning Tradition” in 1985. In 1997, his wife Kimiko authored a book, “The Man Who Married the Dodgers”.

    (L-R): Dr. Creighton Hale, President, Little League Baseball; Ike Ikuhara, Assistant to Dodger President Peter O’Malley. Dr. Hale was formerly a physiologist who invented a plastic batting helmet for Little Leaguers. His innovation and care for Little League Baseball led him to be named president in 1974 and later became its Chief Operating Officer where he grew Little League to more than 80 countries. He, Peter O’Malley and Ikuhara frequently traveled on behalf of international baseball.
    (L-R): Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, assistant to Dodger President Peter O’Malley; Ralph Avila, Dodger Vice President, Campo Las Palmas; Carlos Garcia, Minister of Sport, Nicaragua; Peter O’Malley, Dodger President. On January 18, 1992, Peter O’Malley helped to dedicate Dodgers Little League Friendship Field (known as Amistad Dodgers) in Managua, Nicaragua. O’Malley privately built the stadium which seats 3,000 fans and was painted blue in honor of the Dodgers

    In October 1990, Ikuhara went with O’Malley to Managua, Nicaragua for the Nicaraguan National Baseball Tournament. Ikuhara recalled in an interview, “Later, Peter was thinking out loud and he said, ‘We really need to do something to help them.’ And I told him, ‘Peter, every time you leave the country you spend money!’”3 Ikuhara and O’Malley returned to Managua for the grand opening of Dodgers Little League Friendship Field (known as Amistad Dodgers) on January 18, 1992, which was privately built by O’Malley for the youth of Nicaragua. The 3,000-seat field was appropriately painted blue and was opened by Nicaragua President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro. Dr. Creighton Hale, President, Little League Baseball, then MLB pitcher Dennis Martinez, and Rod Dedeaux, legendary USC head baseball coach were at the dedication.  

    In April 1992, O’Malley asked Ikuhara to help Kazushige Nagashima, son of Tokyo Yomiuri Giants Hall of Famer Shigeo Nagashima, while with the Vero Beach Dodgers in the Florida State League. Third baseman Nagashima returned to play three seasons with the Giants after a year in Vero Beach under Ikuhara’s supervision. 

    On October 26, 1992, Ikuhara passed away at age 55. O’Malley traveled to Tokyo to attend the January 27, 1993 memorial service in honor of his longtime friend and assistant. O’Malley said, “Ike was an extraordinary individual and had the trust and friendship of everyone he worked with. He was truly the Dodgers’ international goodwill ambassador and he will be deeply missed.”

    Peter O’Malley, President, Los Angeles Dodgers, from 1970-1998, addresses the attendees at the memorial service to honor Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara on January 27, 1993 in Tokyo. Ikuhara passed away on October 26, 1992, having worked for the Dodgers since 1965. He served as Assistant to the President from 1982 until his passing, working closely with O’Malley forging friendships and international baseball relationships.
    (L-R): Renzo Ishii; Sadaharu Oh; Shigeo Nagashima. Renzo Ishii, longtime head baseball coach at Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan and a Japan Baseball Hall of Famer and Sadaharu Oh, Japan Baseball Hall of Fame slugger from the Tokyo Yomiuri Giants, listen to Japan Baseball Hall of Famer Shigeo Nagashima as he addresses the attendees of the memorial service to honor Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara on January 27, 1993 in Tokyo.

    Longtime sports columnist Allan Malamud wrote, “The international expertise, goodwill and warmth of Akihiro (Ike) Ikuhara, Peter O’Malley’s longtime assistant who died this week, will be missed at Dodger Stadium.”4

    Dodger President Peter O’Malley with Dodger Manager Tommy Lasorda during the 1993 Dodgers Friendship Series in Fukuoka, Japan. Lasorda and the Dodgers wore a special rectangular black patch with the name “IKE” to commemorate O’Malley’s longtime assistant Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, who passed on October 26, 1992. The Dodgers played three exhibition games in Taiwan, the first MLB team to play in Taiwan, and two exhibition games against the Daiei Hawks and Tokyo Yomiuri Giants combined teams in Fukuoka, Japan.

    Ichiro Yoshikuni, Commissioner of Baseball in Japan, recognized Ikuhara’s significant contributions to improving baseball and promoting goodwill between the U.S. and Japan at the memorial service. To honor the memory of Ikuhara, the Los Angeles Dodgers wore a special black “IKE” rectangular patch on their uniforms (right sleeves) during the 1993 Friendship Series to Taiwan and Japan.

    On January 11, 2002, Ikuhara became the only major league executive from the United States to be elected to the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame. Induction ceremonies took place on July 12, 2002 during the Japanese League All-Star Game at Tokyo Dome. O’Malley traveled to Tokyo to participate, alongside Ikuhara’s family members and Dodger executives.

    Ike Ikuhara, Assistant to President Peter O’Malley, at Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles. He worked in conjunction with Peter O’Malley for the growth of international baseball, including baseball as a gold medal sport in the Olympic Games, a dream realized with IOC approval in 1986. Ikuhara was posthumously elected to the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame in 2002.
    (L-R): Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara, standing; Peter O’Malley seated at O’Malley’s office, Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles, circa 1990.

    Harry Missildine of the Moscow-Pullman Daily News reported on the significance of Ike Ikuhara and his election to the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame on January 25, 2002. “Walter and Peter O’Malley, valued and enhanced the Dodger association with Japanese baseball. The team played postseason tours in Japan and it was Ikuhara who helped coordinate the second trip there in 1966…A cheery, good-looking, smart, enthusiastic young man, Ike’s love and respect for the game were profound.”5 

    (L-R): Waseda University, Dean, School of Sports Science, Katsuo Yamazaki; Peter O’Malley. On May 16, 2003, O’Malley is the guest speaker for the 2003 Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara and Peter O’Malley Memorial Sports Management Class at Waseda University in Tokyo. A plaque commemorating Ikuhara is permanently placed at Waseda University, Tokyo, his alma mater. O’Malley held a series of 12 classes from 2003-2009 featuring an all-star lineup of lecturers.
    Peter O’Malley speaks at the July 29, 2006 Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara and Peter O’Malley Memorial Sports Management Class at Waseda University, Tokyo. The guest lecturer was Masato Mizuno, Chairman, Mizuno Corporation and was the seventh of 12 lectures presented by the class from 2003-2009.

    In 2003, to honor his longtime friend, Peter developed, established, and sponsored the Akihiro “Ike” Ikuhara and Peter O’Malley Memorial Sports Management Class at Waseda University as a way of encouraging and helping students to pursue a career in sports business. “When he attended Waseda University there was no department emphasizing and encouraging a career in sports management yet he succeeded with the Dodgers as a key executive,” O’Malley said. Ikuhara’s former Waseda Head Baseball Coach Renzo Ishii was instrumental in assisting to connect O’Malley with University President Katsuhiko Shirai and the new School of Sports Sciences Dean, Katsuo Yamazaki to establish the class.

    A series of 12 lectures with prominent speakers including two U.S. Presidents – George H.W. Bush in 2006 and George W. Bush in 2009 – ensued.

    In 2010, the Waseda University baseball team visited with Peter O’Malley in Los Angeles. The team also went to the gravesite of Walter O’Malley and Ikuhara to pay their respects. The 1994 Waseda baseball team was the first amateur team to visit Dodgertown, Vero Beach, Florida and train alongside the major league Dodgers. After that experience, longtime Waseda Head Baseball Coach Renzo Ishii, a 2020 Japan Baseball Hall of Famer, expressed appreciation to O’Malley by sending an exquisite helmet and suit of armor (“Katchuu” in Japanese), a replica of a Nanban (lit. “Southern Barbarian”), or Western, armor made in the late 16th century. Such European pieces of armor were coveted at that time by samurai, as they provided superior defense against the emerging threat of firearms on the battlefield.    

    In 2013, Ikuhara’s brother Nobuhisa wrote a biography about Ike’s storied life and donated copies to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, Japan Baseball Hall of Fame and Waseda University. That same year, an exhibit at the Japan Baseball Hall of Fame called “Baseball in Japan and the O’Malley Family:  A Lasting Friendship” displayed items related to the O’Malleys and Ikuhara. Japan Baseball Commissioner Ryozo Kato said about Ikuhara, “He was truly a person who brought American and Asian baseball together.”

    In 2019, an exhibit of Ikuhara’s remarkable career was held in his hometown bringing full circle to a man with a dream.

  • The 1998 Super Dome All-Star Series in Japan

    The 1998 Super Dome All-Star Series in Japan

    by Elias Toney

    Every Monday morning we will post an article from SABR’s award-winning books Nichibei Yakyu: Volumes I and II. Each will present a different chapter in the long history of US-Japan baseball relations. This week Elias Toney tell us about the 1998 MLB vs Japan all-star series.

    For baseball, 1998 was a banner year. The home-run race between Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa made headlines worldwide and caused a surge in interest in the game after years of flagging attendance and viewership. For a group of major-league players and coaches, the season didn’t end with the last out of the World Series; the 1998 tour of Japan brought many significant stars to Japan. However, despite the immense fanfare of the 1998 major-league season and the massive star power it produced for a handful of players, later analysis would cast a shadow over the accomplishments and celebratory mood of that season, due in large part to the role played by performance-enhancing drugs. In a striking parallel, the 1998 NPB season was likewise tainted by scandal – a sign-stealing scandal that called into question the integrity of the staff of one of Japanese baseball’s most storied franchises, the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks. The 1998 tour also provided an early proving ground for a number of Japanese players who became household names in North America in a few short years. It was the last tour prior to the implementation of the posting system for major-league teams to sign Japanese talent.

    The 1998 home-run race between Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals and Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs to break Roger Maris’s single-season home-run record of 61 increased the public profile of both men and became a major storyline for the duration of the season. McGwire was the first to break Maris’s record by hitting 70 home runs to Sosa’s 66. However, Sosa finished the season with NL MVP honors.

    The excitement generated by the home-run race was the capstone on a season that saw ticket sales go up 12 percent from 1997. Speaking prior to the tour, players union executive director Donald Fehr connected the success of the 1998 season with the upcoming tour, saying, “Nineteen ninety-eight will be remembered as the best baseball season in decades, perhaps the best season of this century. No one wants this season to end. This year’s All-Star Tour will be a fitting finale.”

    McGwire was offered the opportunity to play in Japan, but declined. Sosa, however, decided to cap off his career year by joining the tour. Katsutoshi Tsuzaki, a reporter for the sponsoring Japanese newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun, told reporters from the Orlando Sentinel, “They’re both very popular. But Sosa is more characteristic of the Japanese.”

    Sosa viewed the tour as an opportunity to raise money for the Sammy Sosa Foundation which he had founded in June 1998, specifically to support his efforts at relief after Hurricane Georges hit the Dominican Republic.

    The series, called the Super Dome All-Star Series, consisted of eight games, all played in the domed stadiums in Tokyo, Osaka and Fukuoka. Excitement was high among Japanese fans for the Major League Baseball-Nippon Professional Baseball exhibitions. For the first time, they were given a direct role in deciding which of NPB’s stars would face off against their major-league counterparts; the opening game lineup, as well as the manager for the Japanese team, was to be decided by popular vote. The manager would then select the remaining 19 players.

    Japanese fans picked the starting battery of right-hander Kenshin Kawakami of the Chunichi Dragons and catcher Atsuya Furuta of the Yakult Swallows. For the infield the fans elected Kazuhiro Kiyohara and Toshihisa Nishi of the Yomiuri Giants, and Akira Eto of the Hiroshima Carp, giving the Central League the lion’s share of infielders, although a Seibu Lion, Kazuo Matsui, rounded them out. As with the infield, two Giants outfielders were elected to the starting lineup – Hideki Matsui and Yoshinobu Takahashi. Joining them was Ichiro Suzuki of the Orix Blue Wave.

    Shigeo Nagashima of the Giants was elected to manage the NPB squad. He in turn selected four players from the Yokohama BayStars, three from the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks, two each from the Chiba Lotte Marines, Nippon Ham Fighters, and Carp, and one each from the Dragons, Swallows, Lions, and Hanshin Tigers to stock his full roster of 28.

    Also new for the Japanese team was a fixed roster for the duration of the series. In a November 6, 1998, article, Pacific Stars and Stripes described the significance of the change, stating, “The 28-man roster is a break from past tours, where players were rotated in and out throughout the series, giving a large number of players a chance to compete against major leaguers. The system was believed to be unfair because the visitors seldom faced the same pitcher twice in the series.”

    Although exhibitions in spirit, the tour also had a financial incentive. Each major-league player who agreed to join the trip was given a base salary of $85,000 with all expenses covered. In addition, the first three games had prize money of 5 million yen (about $43,500), with that amount doubled to 10 million yen (about $87,000) for the latter four games.

    The first game was an exhibition between visiting MLB All-Stars and the Yomiuri Giants, which had finished fourth in the Central League at 73-62-0, on the Giants’ home field at the Tokyo Dome on November 6, before a sellout crowd.

    Hawaiian-born sumo wrestler Konishiki, dressed in a full Giants uniform with number 333, threw out the ceremonial first pitch. On his trip to the visitors’ dugout after leaving the mound, Konishiki found himself highly popular among the major-league players. He told reporters, “Everyone wanted my autograph. I was a little embarrassed by all the attention.”

    Giants fans greeted their squad with their customary cheers of support. The major league players, however, were greeted with a stony silence when they were up to bat, with one exception: Sosa received massive cheers and applause for each of his at-bats. In return Sosa thrilled the fans in his first at-bat in Japan, taking Giants starter Yusaku Iriki deep to right field, with the ball just staying fair. Ever the showman, Sosa told the press, “I hit a home run not only for me, but for the people of Japan.”

    Manager Mike Hargrove used five pitchers to keep the Giants at bay, including Philadelphia Phillies ace Curt Schilling, who started the game, limiting the Giants to one run. The MLB All-Stars beat the Giants 4-1 in a strong start to their visit to Japan.

    Upon his arrival in Japan, Sosa had indicated a desire to meet with all-time Japanese home-run king Sadaharu Oh. However, when asked about Hideki Matsui, who had led NPB with 34 home runs in 1998, Sosa made an unforced error, telling the press, “This is my first time in Japan so I don’t know the players but I will know Mr. What’s His Name? But I would like to talk to him and find out what position that he plays and what he does just so we can have a little bit of conversation.”

    The first meeting between Matsui and Sosa, prior to the game, was no less awkward than Sosa’s initial remarks. No translator was available, limiting what the two sluggers could discuss, but signed bats were exchanged. Matsui said of their first encounter, “We wished each other good luck and said do your best. Then I watched him practice hitting. His swing is very strong and very fast.”

    The following day, November 7, the MLB All-Stars again found themselves playing at the Tokyo Dome, this time against the elected and appointed NPB All-Stars. Although they were in Japan for exhibitions, the realities of the offseason and free agency couldn’t completely be left behind in North America. The first game of the All-Star Series coincided with the first day when major-league teams could hold talks with new free agents. A few hours before taking the field, outfielder Devon White gave verbal agreement to a three-year contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. However, he had left for Japan while still an Arizona Diamondback and had only that uniform with him, necessitating that he play the tour in that kit. “It doesn’t feel weird at all,” White reflected. “I’m in Japan and I’m here to represent the major leagues and coming out here and playing ball.”

    Offseason realities didn’t affect just the players. The Cleveland Plain Dealer reported on November 15, the last day of the Super Dome All-Star Series, that Hargrove had left voicemails for Indians general manager John Hart every day of the tour to discuss potential free-agent signings.

    The major-league squad struck in the second, again with Sosa accounting for the first run when he scored on Javy Lopez’s single to left. Although he scored the first MLB run in what ended up being an 8-1 rout of the NPB All-Stars, Sosa found himself without a home run to support his team and thrill the Japanese fans. He described his performance ruefully, saying, “I’m sorry I didn’t help the team today. Tomorrow I’ll try to do better.”

    The offensive star for the major-league team was Manny Ramirez, who hit a three-run home run in the seventh inning and a two-run homer in the ninth. Andruw Jones also hit a home run. This 8-1 offensive explosion was to set the tone for the MLB All-Stars, at least when they played in the Tokyo Dome.

    On November 8 Hargrove was at the Tokyo Dome prior to the start of the second game of the All-Star Series when he felt something that likely put him on familiar, if shaky, footing. A 4.9-magnitude earthquake had hit the Tokyo area. “I thought someone was shaking my chair,” Hargrove said. This was not his first time managing a game affected by an earthquake. On May 2, 1996, Hargrove had been managing the Indians in a game at the Seattle Kingdome that was postponed due to a magnitude 5.4 earthquake.

    Game 2 in Tokyo proceeded as scheduled and there were no reports of casualties or serious damage. The earthquake also did little to diminish the enthusiasm of the sellout crowd of 55,000 at the Tokyo Dome. Pregame festivities included an opportunity for the visiting major-league players and coaches to meet with Sadaharu Oh, then manager of the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks and serving on the coaching staff for the NPB All-Stars. The MLB players ran across the diamond for a chance to meet Oh with the exception of Sammy Sosa, who had had what the Pacific Stars and Stripes described as “a private audience with the pope of power hitters.”

    The major-league team was unshaken by the earthquake, jumping out to a three-run first inning. The first two pitches of the game thrown by NPB starter Kenshin Kawakami were hit for singles by Fernando Vina and Jason Kendall. Carlos Delgado then launched a home run to right-center, giving the MLB All-Stars a 3-0 lead.

    The NPB All-Stars scored in the second on a sacrifice fly by catcher Motonobu Tanishige that knocked in Atsushi Kataoka. That, however, accounted for the only run given up by starter Rick Helling.

    One inning later the major-league stars put up five more runs. Sosa hit a bases-loaded double that scored two runs. He finished his night 3-for-4. Sosa’s double was followed by a sacrifice fly by Manny Ramirez and an RBI double by Garret Anderson. Two more runs were provided by Delgado in the fourth when he launched his second home run of the game, giving the MLB All-Stars an impressive 10-1 lead.

    The NPB squad was not ready to give up yet. In the sixth inning they sent nine men to the plate and scored five runs. But the Japanese rally was ultimately stopped short with Trevor Hoffman getting the save. The final score was 10-7 in favor of the MLB All-Stars.

    Nevertheless, the major-league squad had positive things to say about the NBP rally. “They’re really good batters so it’s surprising that we kept them down for five innings,” said Kendall. “We knew they were going to get their hits sooner or later.” With this victory, the MLB All-Stars had swept their first three games in the Japanese capital. The next three games took them “on the road,” away from the confines of the Tokyo Dome.

    After three wins in Tokyo, two against the NPB All-Stars, the series shifted to a single game played at the Fukuoka Dome, home of the Hawks, on November 10.

    The MLB All-Stars took a 1-0 lead in the top of the first on Sosa’s sacrifice fly off Kazuhiro Takeda, driving in Andruw Jones. The lead did not last, however, as the Japanese team took the lead on a two-run home run by Hideki Matsui in the bottom of the inning. This home run gave the NPB All-Stars their first lead of the series.

    The NPB team added to its lead in the fifth. Kazuo Matsui reached first by being hit on the foot by a pitch. He stole second base and then third. On the latter play, catcher Javy Lopez’s throw skipped away, allowing Matsui to score. The Japanese added two runs in the sixth inning in support of Takeda. Pitching in front of his hometown crowd, Takeda retired 11 MLB All-Star hitters in a row at one point. The lead afforded to the NPB squad by their offensive explosion held, with the Japanese team taking its first victory of the series, 6-3.

    Hideki Matsui was pleased with his performance in Fukuoka and thus far on the tour. He indicated that this series was more than just a handful of fun exhibitions for him, commenting: “I really would like to play in the big leagues someday. It’s obviously just a dream. In the meantime, I’d like to try to reach the high level set by major league players. I was concerned that I could not play at such a high level if I played there. These series are a way for me to try.”

    The fourth game was played on November 11 at the Osaka Dome, home of the then Kintetsu Buffaloes. In contrast to the three prior matchups, this game was a pitchers’ duel. The NPB All-Stars started Tetsuro Kawajiri on the mound. For Kawajiri – who was on the NPB roster as a replacement for the injured Kazuhiro Sasaki – it was his first start in over a month. The MLB All-Stars started Curt Schilling.

    The two pitchers were both supported by solid defensive efforts. After seeing NPB runners steal 12 bases in 12 attempts in the first three games, the major-league catchers finally got even when Jason Kendall was able to throw out two runners, Takuro Ishii and Hideki Matsui, in the first two innings. Not to be outdone, NPB fielders gave Kawajiri great support, turning two double plays and throwing two runners out at the plate, eliminating two-thirds of the six MLB All-Star runners. The first play at the plate was controversial, with Devon White appearing to some observers to be safe. Hargrove said at the conclusion of the tour, “[The MLB All-Stars] took it very personal. … Very personal, because we thought that we got (screwed).”

    Bolstered by solid defense, Kawajiri also had an excellent outing, allowing only one hit over the first six innings. After the game he described his strategy for neutralizing the powerful MLB All-Star lineup. “I just kept the ball down and threw lots of off-speed pitches,” Kawajiri explained. “I wanted to get major league hitters to swing at bad pitches and keep them off balance.”

    The NPB squad broke a 0-0 stalemate in the sixth when Schilling gave up a walk, a single, and a walk. Ichiro Suzuki then hit a sacrifice fly, driving in a run.

    The NPB team held on to its 1-0 lead with Kawajiri throwing 8⅓ innings of scoreless ball before being relieved with runners at first and second. Akinori Otsuka came in to close and after Nomar Garciaparra stole third, Jason Kendall hit a fly ball to shallow center. Garciaparra attempted to score but became the second major-league runner thrown out on the plate courtesy of a well-aimed, well-timed throw by Hideki Matsui.

    After the game, both Hargrove and Nagashima had high praise for Kawajiri. Hargrove attributed some of the difficulty his batters had with Kawajiri to his unorthodox submarine pitching style. “While there have been pitchers with the same motion and delivery as him in the major leagues, there haven’t been many,” he said. Kawajiri’s impressive outing evened the series at two games apiece with three remaining.

    Game 5 in Osaka on November 12 coincided with Sosa’s 30th birthday. He celebrated by splitting a cake with some Japanese youth baseball players before taking the field.

    Jason Giambi hit a double to left in the third inning and was driven home on a sacrifice fly from Andruw Jones, giving the MLB All-Stars their first run in 14 innings against the NPB All-Stars.

    Starter Jamie Moyer went five innings. NPB manager Shigeo Nagashima praised Moyer’s efforts to keep Japanese runners from moving up, saying, “Moyer had a very good pick-off move and stopped us from executing our running game. When we face another major-league pitcher who doesn’t have as good a move, I think we’ll be back at our running game.” Moyer also helped limit the number of opportunities for Japanese runners to steal by allowing only two hits and two walks. Four relievers – Dan Plesac, Mike Jackson, Tom Gordon, and Hoffman – allowed only three additional hits, with Hoffman again recording the save. The MLB All-Stars won 2-0, their only win away from Tokyo.

    Sosa celebrated his birthday by getting two hits, a single, and a double. The double came in the ninth inning. Sosa advanced on a wild pitch and scored on a sacrifice fly by Vinny Castilla.

    The series returned to the Tokyo Dome on November 14 for the final two games. The return appeared to reinvigorate the major-league squad’s bats.They struck early with a leadoff single in the bottom of the first by Fernando Vina. Vina scored on a single to right field by Sosa. That was the start of a big night for both men. In the second, Vina struck again, hitting a home run with two men on that just made it over the wall in right field.

    Sosa had his best night at the plate in this game, going 4-for-4 with four RBIs. Sosa’s biggest hit of the night was his own three-run home run in the sixth inning, his second home run since arriving in Japan and his first against the NPB All-Star team. Indeed, Sosa had gone 23 at-bats in Japan since hitting a home run in his first game against the Giants. Sosa commented about his low home-run total: “When I came here, I think people were looking for me to hit home runs. The type of game that I’ve been playing, I’m a complete player and I’m not going to go out there every day and try to hit home runs. I’ve been doing a lot of things, getting a lot of base hits and a lot of doubles and steal[ing] bases.”

    The MLB All-Stars won, 9-0, with starter Rick Helling giving up four hits in five innings. This win clinched the series for the major-league squad, which led the Japanese team, 4-2, with only one game remaining. “We said we have to win this series today and not mess around with it,” Vina said. “We got it together. Everybody realizes that we came a long way and we didn’t come here to lose. This is major-league baseball. We’re representing everybody.”

    With one final game to play, however, it was premature for the players and managers to draw conclusions from the tour yet.

    Despite the blowout series clincher, both squads opted to put on a show for the fans in the final game of the series on November 15, culminating in a come-from-behind 9-8 win for the MLB All-Stars.

    The major league team got on the board first, taking a 1-0 lead in the second. That lead did not last long. Akira Eto scored in the bottom of the second on an RBI groundout by Motonobu Tanishige. The NPB team scored two more runs in the third inning with Ichiro Suzuki smacking an RBI triple and scoring a run driven in by Hideki Matsui.

    The NPB players appeared to have blown the game wide open when in the fourth they chased MLB starting pitcher Al Leiter, who gave up seven runs total in three-plus innings pitched.

    The MLB All-Stars didn’t want to finish their time in Japan being blown out, however. In the fifth inning, Sammy Sosa hit his third and final home run of the tour. Jason Giambi made it back-to-back home runs with his own shot, cutting the NPB lead to 7-5. The major-league team continued to add runs, ultimately regaining the lead in the top of the eighth thanks to RBI singles by Garret Anderson and Javier Lopez. Brett Tomko, who relieved Leiter, went 3⅓ innings and got the win. Jason Giambi recorded the final out of the series on Norihiro Nakamura’s foulout, giving Tom Gordon the save and the MLB team a final 5-2 record against the NPB All-Stars and a 6-2 record overall for their time in Japan.

    At the conclusion of the tour, the victorious MLB All-Stars reflected fondly on both their own performances and those of their hosts. In his autobiography, written with Marcos Breton, Sosa said, “I went to Japan and played in several exhibition games before wildly enthusiastic fans. I fed off their energy, and in 24 at-bats, I got 12 hits – a .500 average – with three homers and 9 RBI, earning me MVP honors on a team of major-league all-stars.”

    Sosa’s efforts to use the tour to raise attention and funds for his charitable efforts in the Dominican Republic were a success. Between 1998 and 2000, NPB donated $25,000 to the Sammy Sosa Foundation. In addition Sosa raised 4.6 million yen in a memorabilia auction at the Tokyo Foreign Correspondents Club at the conclusion of the tour; and a further 2 million yen was donated by Japanese corporate interests. Sosa also met with Japanese Foreign Minister Masahiko Komura on November 16 to request continued Japanese assistance to the Dominican Republic in the wake of Hurricane Georges.

    Prior to the final game of the tour, Mike Hargrove took off the kid gloves he had been using with the Japanese press, telling Pacific Stars and Stripes: “Even though we lost two ball games, I’m surprised how much better the American team is than the Japanese. I’ve tried to be real diplomatic with the Japanese press. They ask you how the Japanese have stacked up, and in general on the whole, they don’t.”

    Hargrove’s critique of the NPB All-Stars was wide-ranging. He cited only one player, shortstop Kazuo Matsui, as being of major-league caliber. Notably, he was dismissive of the talents of both Ichiro Suzuki and Hideki Matsui: “Matsui and Ichiro can probably be role players on a major league team but I don’t think they could play every day.” Hargrove did add a codicil to his critique of the NPB All-Stars, describing NPB pitching as “the strongest thing I’ve seen [on the tour].”

    Regardless of Hargrove’s opinion of the Japanese team, Ichiro Suzuki was awarded the title of Most Remarkable Player of the series. Sosa said of Ichiro, “He’s got a lot of ability. He can run, hit, throw and field. I told him maybe I’ll see him in the major leagues.”

    The 1998 Super Dome Series could not be isolated from events in the larger baseball world and especially from separate scandals that arose in both NPB and the major leagues during and after the 1998 season.

    Sadaharu Oh had followed the McGwire-Sosa home-run race closely. Sports Illustrated’s Richard Deitsch described Oh’s fascination with the race: “With the exploits of Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa being played up on the front pages of Japan’s dailies and on NHK-TV, Oh followed this year’s home run chase as if he lived on Waveland Avenue. ‘The games were on television very early in the morning, so they were hard to watch,’ he says. ‘But I always checked the highlights.’”

    Oh and Sosa met before the second game of the series. Oh told the press Sosa would be an atypical hitter in Japan, explaining, “Every hitter has his own logic about hitting. Japanese hitters wait longer so they can just make contact. Sosa is more aggressive and attacks the ball early in the strike zone.” Both home-run kings, however, would soon be linked to scandals.

    The Daiei Hawks, which Oh was managing at the time, were implicated in a sign-stealing scandal at their home ballpark, the Fukuoka Dome, host to the third game of the Super Dome Series. The novelty of the alleged Hawks scandal in the world of Japanese baseball was described by Mark D. West in his book Secrets, Sex and Spectacle: The Rules of Scandal in Japan and the United States:

    Baseball’s Sammy Sosa was found with cork in his bat, but in Japan, such individual cheating scandals are rare. The closest equivalent in Japanese baseball is a scandal involving the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in which the Hawks stole hand signals used by opposing catchers and pitchers at the Fukuoka Dome. Several people were involved. Reportedly, a Hawks official watched TV in a back room, read the sign, walkie-talkied it to a student planted in the stands, and the student moved a megaphone to signal the Hawks batter. Stealing signs is seen as a minor infraction in Japan – Japanese players routinely sneak a glance at the catcher’s hands – but this group effort, all for the good of the team, went too far.

    Novelty aside, the allegations of cheating were treated as a serious matter by NPB and were reported widely in the Japanese press. So serious were the charges that it was reported that, if found to have been involved in the alleged plot, Oh could face a lifetime ban from NPB.

    An investigation was launched into the matter in the 1998-1999 offseason. Some questions were raised regarding the nature and thoroughness of the investigation. The scandal fizzled, however, when the Hawks were not found to have been involved in any wrongdoing. No one was punished and Oh continued as the Hawks’ manager. But the public nature of the allegations prompted the Pacific League to take precautionary action. In The Hidden Language of Baseball: How Signs and Sign Stealing Have Influenced the Course of Our National Pastime, author Paul Dickson wrote, “Oh was exonerated when a team investigation found no evidence of the scheme, suggesting a less than flawless policing system, but an agreement was made between the Pacific League and its clubs to punish ‘suspicious acts’ during the course of a game, including a ban on a runner on second stealing from the catcher.”

    The scandal that Sosa was drawn into during and especially after the 1998 season was of a very different nature. Allegations of PED usage by the home-run race rivals surfaced during the season but largely focused on Mark McGwire at the outset.

    Although not confirming or denying that Sosa used PEDs in 1998, the New York Times claimed in an article in June 2009 that he had tested positive for PEDs in the first MLB-administered test of players in 2003. Those tests were ostensibly anonymous, but the names of at least some of the players said to have tested positive leaked after the records of the tests were seized by federal agents. The substance Sosa was said to have tested positive for was not identified.

    Sosa denied any use of PEDs in the 1998 season and throughout his career. While persistent rumors followed him, MLB has never officially sanctioned Sosa for the use of PEDs. Sosa has been informally punished in the baseball world, including estrangement from the Chicago Cubs and exile from Wrigley Field until he admits to the use of PEDs and makes other atonements.

    Thus, while both Sosa and Oh were implicated in scandals after the 1998 Super Dome Series, they have had very different outcomes for their careers, reputations, and status in their leagues.

    The Aftermath

    Shortly after the end of the 1998 tour a new system of signing NPB players to major-league rosters was implemented in December 1998: the posting system. Although questions of its fairness for the players involved were raised, it was a clear sign that the two leagues were increasingly acting in concert. Robert Whiting described the mechanics of the system, writing, “In December 1998, the new agreement, forged between the respective commissioner’s offices of Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball, went into effect. … In the posting system, all 30 major league clubs in the United States would be allowed to bid for a Japanese player, made available by a Japanese club, with the exclusive negotiating rights going to the club which submits the highest bid.”

    Ichiro Suzuki made his first direct overture to a major-league team in the spring of 1999 in preparation for his impending NPB free agency when he visited the spring-training camp of the Seattle Mariners. For Ichiro, part of the desire to attempt to make a big-league roster arose from his playing against MLB All-Star teams in both 1996 and 1998. Although still under contract with the Orix Blue Wave in 1999, Ichiro told the press, “Sometimes you just have to physically try things out.”  Finally, in November 2000 the Blue Wave and the Mariners negotiated a $13,125,000 deal under the auspices of the posting system and Ichiro was free to pursue his goal of playing for a major-league team.

    Spring training 1999 had one other holdover from the 1998 Super Dome Series. In a tongue-in-cheek article in the Chicago Tribune before the start of the tour, sportswriter Joe Knowles wrote, “Cubs General Manager Ed Lynch had only three small requests for Sammy Sosa while the slugger tours Japan with a major-league all-star team:

    1. Don’t get hurt.
    2. Stay away from the blowfish.
    3. Save plenty of luggage space for souvenirs, like maybe a matching lefty-righty set of authentic Japanese relief pitchers.”

    Sosa didn’t bring help for the Cubs’ bullpen back from Japan with him – it is unclear if that was due to the size of his suitcases – but he would later claim that he did bring certain mannerisms. In a spring-training game on March 17, 1999, against the Arizona Diamondbacks, Sosa hit two home runs and, to the fury of Arizona pitcher Todd Stottlemyre, bowed to the crowd after each. Sosa would claim that he picked up the gesture from Japanese pitchers who he said bowed to him before his at-bats on the 1998 tour. Stottlemyre criticized the gesture, leading to a brief war of words in the press. Sosa ultimately bowed to the pressure of his critics, including some of his Cubs teammates, never bowing to American fans again. Thus, the odd spring epilogue to the fall Super Dome Series took its final bow.

    In many respects 1998 was a complex year for baseball, one filled with great excitement and public attention, in both the United States and Japan. However, while they took different forms, both the major leagues and NPB saw scandals emerge in 1998 that would lead to changes in rules and in how players and teams were viewed by fans. The 1998 Super Dome Series fell at the end of that complex season, as almost an afterthought. But the 1998 tour also allowed a generation of baseball players from either side of the Pacific to see how each other played the game, and to showcase their own skills, talents, and styles. This also came at a time when the relationship between baseball in North America and Japan was evolving, culminating in the creation of the posting system.

    While memories of the 1998 seasons may be inexorably tied with stories of alleged wrongdoing and scandal by some of the year’s biggest stars, the 1998 tour allowed a cadre of NPB and major-league players to meet, compete and learn from one another and gave Japanese fans the chance to see up close the dynamic that had made the 1998 major-league season one of the most successful in years. Within a few short seasons, some of the NPB players who took part in the tour would be household names in America – in many cases as teammates with and opponents of some of the players they opposed in November 1998. The 1998 Super Dome Series was, in some respects, merely a set of eight exhibition games in three Japanese cities. However, as it occurred at a time of immense fan interest in baseball, as well as dynamic changes to the game on both sides of the Pacific, its legacy can safely be said to be more than just eight sellouts, a pair of shutouts and the unfortunate sobriquet of “Mr. What’s-His-Name.”

    Read the full version of this article on the SABR website

    The 1998 Super Dome All-Star Series in Japan